499 research outputs found
Periodic Pattern in the Residual-Velocity Field of OB Associations
An analysis of the residual-velocity field of OB associations within 3 kpc of
the Sun has revealed periodic variations in the radial residual velocities
along the Galactic radius vector with a typical scale length of
lambda=2.0(+/-0.2) kpc and a mean amplitude of fR=7(+/-1) km/s. The fact that
the radial residual velocities of almost all OB-associations in rich
stellar-gas complexes are directed toward the Galactic center suggests that the
solar neighborhood under consideration is within the corotation radius. The
azimuthal-velocity field exhibits a distinct periodic pattern in the region
0<l<180 degrees, where the mean azimuthal-velocity amplitude is ft=6(+/-2)
km/s. There is no periodic pattern of the azimuthal-velocity field in the
region 180<l<360 degrees. The locations of the Cygnus arm, as well as the
Perseus arm, inferred from an analysis of the radial- and azimuthal-velocity
fields coincide. The periodic patterns of the residual-velocity fields of
Cepheids and OB associations share many common features.Comment: 21 page
Universal Quantum Signatures of Chaos in Ballistic Transport
The conductance of a ballistic quantum dot (having chaotic classical dynamics
and being coupled by ballistic point contacts to two electron reservoirs) is
computed on the single assumption that its scattering matrix is a member of
Dyson's circular ensemble. General formulas are obtained for the mean and
variance of transport properties in the orthogonal (beta=1), unitary (beta=2),
and symplectic (beta=4) symmetry class. Applications include universal
conductance fluctuations, weak localization, sub-Poissonian shot noise, and
normal-metal-superconductor junctions. The complete distribution P(g) of the
conductance g is computed for the case that the coupling to the reservoirs
occurs via two quantum point contacts with a single transmitted channel. The
result P(g)=g^(-1+beta/2) is qualitatively different in the three symmetry
classes. ***Submitted to Europhysics Letters.****Comment: 4 pages, REVTeX-3.0, INLO-PUB-94032
Magnetic-field asymmetry of nonlinear mesoscopic transport
We investigate departures of the Onsager relations in the nonlinear regime of
electronic transport through mesoscopic systems. We show that the nonlinear
current--voltage characteristic is not an even function of the magnetic field
due only to the magnetic-field dependence of the screening potential within the
conductor. We illustrate this result for two types of conductors: A quantum
Hall bar with an antidot and a chaotic cavity connected to quantum point
contacts. For the chaotic cavity we obtain through random matrix theory an
asymmetry in the fluctuations of the nonlinear conductance that vanishes
rapidly with the size of the contacts.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Published versio
Long-Range Energy-Level Interaction in Small Metallic Particles
We consider the energy level statistics of non-interacting electrons which
diffuse in a -dimensional disordered metallic conductor of characteristic
Thouless energy We assume that the level distribution can be written
as the Gibbs distribution of a classical one-dimensional gas of fictitious
particles with a pairwise additive interaction potential
We show that the interaction which is consistent with the known correlation
function of pairs of energy levels is a logarithmic repulsion for level
separations in agreement with Random Matrix Theory. When
vanishes as a power law in with exponents and for
and 3, respectively. While for the energy-level
interaction is always repulsive, in three dimensions there is long-range level
attraction after the short-range logarithmic repulsion.Comment: Saclay-s93/014 Email: [email protected] [2017: missing
figure included
Theory of scanning gate microscopy
A systematic theory of the conductance measurements of non-invasive (weak
probe) scanning gate microscopy is presented that provides an interpretation of
what precisely is being measured. A scattering approach is used to derive
explicit expressions for the first and second order conductance changes due to
the perturbation by the tip potential in terms of the scattering states of the
unperturbed structure. In the case of a quantum point contact, the first order
correction dominates at the conductance steps and vanishes on the plateaus
where the second order term dominates. Both corrections are non-local for a
generic structure. Only in special cases, such as that of a centrally symmetric
quantum point contact in the conductance quantization regime, can the second
order correction be unambiguously related with the local current density. In
the case of an abrupt quantum point contact we are able to obtain analytic
expressions for the scattering eigenfunctions and thus evaluate the resulting
conductance corrections.Comment: 19 pages, 7 figure
Semiclassical Theory of Chaotic Quantum Transport
We present a refined semiclassical approach to the Landauer conductance and
Kubo conductivity of clean chaotic mesoscopic systems. We demonstrate for
systems with uniformly hyperbolic dynamics that including off-diagonal
contributions to double sums over classical paths gives a weak-localization
correction in quantitative agreement with results from random matrix theory. We
further discuss the magnetic field dependence. This semiclassical treatment
accounts for current conservation.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Effect of dephasing on the current statistics of mesoscopic devices
We investigate the effects of dephasing on the current statistics of
mesoscopic conductors with a recently developed statistical model, focusing in
particular on mesoscopic cavities and Aharonov-Bohm rings. For such devices, we
analyze the influence of an arbitrary degree of decoherence on the cumulants of
the current. We recover known results for the limiting cases of fully coherent
and totally incoherent transport and are able to obtain detailed information on
the intermediate regime of partial coherence for a varying number of open
channels. We show that dephasing affects the average current, shot noise, and
higher order cumulants in a quantitatively and qualitatively similar way, and
that consequently shot noise or higher order cumulants of the current do not
provide information on decoherence additional or complementary to what can be
already obtained from the average current.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Isolated resonances in conductance fluctuations in ballistic billiards
We study numerically quantum transport through a billiard with a classically
mixed phase space. In particular, we calculate the conductance and Wigner delay
time by employing a recursive Green's function method. We find sharp, isolated
resonances with a broad distribution of resonance widths in both the
conductance and the Wigner time, in contrast to the well-known smooth
conductance fluctuations of completely chaotic billiards. In order to elucidate
the origin of the isolated resonances, we calculate the associated scattering
states as well as the eigenstates of the corresponding closed system. As a
result, we find a one-to-one correspondence between the resonant scattering
states and eigenstates of the closed system. The broad distribution of
resonance widths is traced to the structure of the classical phase space.
Husimi representations of the resonant scattering states show a strong overlap
either with the regular regions in phase space or with the hierarchical parts
surrounding the regular regions. We are thus lead to a classification of the
resonant states into regular and hierarchical, depending on their phase space
portrait.Comment: 2 pages, 5 figures, to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.,
proceedings Localisation 2002 (Tokyo, Japan
Dynamical Origin of Decoherence in Clasically Chaotic Systems
The decay of the overlap between a wave packet evolved with a Hamiltonian H
and the same state evolved with H}+ serves as a measure of the
decoherence time . Recent experimental and analytical evidence on
classically chaotic systems suggest that, under certain conditions,
depends on H but not on . By solving numerically a
Hamiltonian model we find evidence of that property provided that the system
shows a Wigner-Dyson spectrum (which defines quantum chaos) and the
perturbation exceeds a crytical value defined by the parametric correlations of
the spectra.Comment: Typos corrected, published versio
Chaos and Interacting Electrons in Ballistic Quantum Dots
We show that the classical dynamics of independent particles can determine
the quantum properties of interacting electrons in the ballistic regime. This
connection is established using diagrammatic perturbation theory and
semiclassical finite-temperature Green functions. Specifically, the orbital
magnetism is greatly enhanced over the Landau susceptibility by the combined
effects of interactions and finite size. The presence of families of periodic
orbits in regular systems makes their susceptibility parametrically larger than
that of chaotic systems, a difference which emerges from correlation terms.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, includes 3 postscript fig
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