Approach to hematopoietic cell transplant candidates with respiratory viral detection

The management of respiratory viruses prior to hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) can be controversial and requires special consideration of host factors, transplant parameters, and the specific respiratory virus (RV). In the setting of adenovirus (ADV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza, parainfluenza virus (PIV), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) detection prior to hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), clinical practice guidelines recommend transplant delay when possible; however, there is much more ambiguity when other respiratory viruses, such as seasonal coronaviruses (CoVs), human rhinovirus (HRV), and SARS-CoV-2, are detected. Our aims for this review include detailing clinical practical guidelines and reviewing current literature on pre-transplant respiratory viral infections (RVIs), including antiviral therapies and prevention strategies, when available. We will center our discussion on three representative clinical scenarios, with the goal of providing practical guidance to clinicians

Ailanthus Altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Bioacumulated Specie of Contaminated Soils

Ailanthus altissima Mill Swingle is one of the most widespread invasive alien species on a global scale Its current distribution is clearly linked to anthropized environments where concentrations of heavy metals or trace elements in their soils can reach levels of toxicity to other plant organisms The present research carried out in environments of the Community of Madrid Spain focuses on the relationship between the presence in soil components such as arsenic As copper Cu chromium Cr boron B vanadium V cobalt Co etc harmful to some plant organisms and the existence of Ailanthus altissima The results obtained identify that the species modifies the content of some minority elements a fact that must be taken into account for future soil fertility studies Secondly ailanto is capable of absorbing toxic elements present in the soil environment which shows its value as a phytoremediator of contaminated soil

Evolución del espacio natural de la cabecera de las Lagunas de Ruidera siglos XVIII y XIX) a partir de la cartografía (Albacete, España)

En este trabajo se aborda el análisis de las variaciones experimentadas tanto en los vasos lacustres, como en las vertientes y orillas del tramo superior del sistema fluvio-lacustre de Ruidera a lo largo de los siglos XVIII y XIX. Este paraje, conforma uno de los conjuntos de lagunas más bellos y espectaculares de Europa. Se emplaza entre las provincias de Albacete y Ciudad Real, en la Comunidad autónoma de Castilla-La Mancha, y forma parte de la Demarcación del río Guadiana. El seguimiento de esta evolución se ha apoyado en el examen diacrónico de diferentes conjuntos cartográficos elaborados a lo largo de ambas centurias, así como de múltiples fuentes documentales, numerosas obras bibliográficas y el reconocimiento de campoThe aim of this work is the analysis of the variations in the upper section of the fluviolacustrine system of Lagunas de Ruidera-Ruidera´s Lakes- (Spain) in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries: in their vessels, slopes and banks. Monitoring of these developments has been supported by the diachronic examination of different cartographic elaborate sets over two centuries, and multiple document sources, numerous literature works and field reconnaissance. This place, forms one of the most beautiful sets and spectacular lakes in Europe. It is located between the provinces of Albacete and Ciudad Real, in the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha, and is part of the Demarcation of the Guadiana rive

Respiratory Viral Infections in Patients With Cancer or Undergoing Hematopoietic Cell Transplant

Survival rates for pediatric cancer have steadily improved over time but it remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Infections are a major complication of cancer and its treatment. Community acquired respiratory viral infections (CRV) in these patients increase morbidity, mortality and can lead to delay in chemotherapy. These are the result of infections with a heterogeneous group of viruses including RNA viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus (IV), parainfluenza virus (PIV), metapneumovirus (HMPV), rhinovirus (RhV), and coronavirus (CoV). These infections maintain a similar seasonal pattern to those of immunocompetent patients. Clinical manifestations vary significantly depending on the type of virus and the type and degree of immunosuppression, ranging from asymptomatic or mild disease to rapidly progressive fatal pneumonia Infections in this population are characterized by a high rate of progression from upper to lower respiratory tract infection and prolonged viral shedding. Use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive therapy are risk factors for severe disease. The clinical course is often difficult to predict, and clinical signs are unreliable. Accurate prognostic viral and immune markers, which have become part of the standard of care for systemic viral infections, are currently lacking; and management of CRV infections remains controversial. Defining effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies is challenging, especially considering, the spectrum of immunocompromised patients, the variety of respiratory viruses, and the presence of other opportunistic infections and medical problems. Prevention remains one of the most important strategies against these viruses. Early diagnosis, supportive care and antivirals at an early stage, when available and indicated, have proven beneficial. However, with the exception of neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza infection, there are no accepted treatments. In high-risk patients, pre-emptive treatment with antivirals for upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) to decrease progression to LRTI is a common strategy. In the future, viral load and immune markers may prove beneficial in predicting severe disease, supporting decision making and monitor treatment in this population

Role of type I interferon (IFN) in the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immune response and disease severity

© 2019 Hijano, Vu, Kauvar, Tripp, Polack and Cormier. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children patients, such as premature infants, patients with cardiac disease, and severely immune compromised patients. Severe disease is associated with the virulence of the virus as well as host factors specifically including the innate immune response. The role of type I interferons (IFNs) in the response to RSV infection is important in regulating the rate of virus clearance and in directing the character of the immune response, which is normally associated with protection and less severe disease. Two RSV non-structural proteins, NS1 and NS2, as well as the envelope G glycoprotein are known to suppress type I IFN production and a robust type I IFN response to RSV does not occur in human infants or neonatal mouse models of RSV infection. Additionally, presence of type I IFNs are associated with mild symptoms in infants and administration of IFN-α prior to infection of neonatal mice with RSV reduces immunopathology. This evidence has driven RSV prophylaxis and therapeutic efforts to consider strategies for enhancing type I IFN production

Type I Interferon Potentiates IgA Immunity to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection During Infancy

© 2018, The Author(s). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in infants and young children worldwide. Although mucosal RSV vaccines can reduce RSV disease burden, little is known about mucosal immune response capabilities in children. Neonatal or adult mice were infected with RSV; a subset of neonatal mice received interferon alpha (IFN-α) (intranasal) prior to RSV infection. B cells, B cell activating factor (BAFF) and IgA were measured by flow cytometry. RSV specific IgA was measured in nasal washes. Nasal associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and lungs were stained for BAFF and IgA. Herein, we show in a mouse model of RSV infection that IFN-α plays a dual role as an antiviral and immune modulator and age-related differences in IgA production upon RSV infection can be overcome by IFN-α administration. IFN-α administration before RSV infection in neonatal mice increased RSV-specific IgA production in the nasal mucosa and induced expression of the B-cell activating factor BAFF in NALT. These findings are important, as mucosal antibodies at the infection site, and not serum antibodies, have been shown to protect human adults from experimental RSV infection

Second-Order Formalism for 3D Spin-3 Gravity

A second-order formalism for the theory of 3D spin-3 gravity is considered. Such a formalism is obtained by solving the torsion-free condition for the spin connection \omega^a_{\mu}, and substituting the result into the action integral. In the first-order formalism of the spin-3 gravity defined in terms of SL(3,R) X SL(3,R) Chern-Simons (CS) theory, however, the generalized torsion-free condition cannot be easily solved for the spin connection, because the vielbein e^a_{\mu} itself is not invertible. To circumvent this problem, extra vielbein-like fields e^a_{\mu\nu} are introduced as a functional of e^a_{\mu}. New set of affine-like connections \Gamma_{\mu M}^N are defined in terms of the metric-like fields, and a generalization of the Riemann curvature tensor is also presented. In terms of this generalized Riemann tensor the action integral in the second-order formalism is expressed. The transformation rules of the metric and the spin-3 gauge field under the generalized diffeomorphims are obtained explicitly. As in Einstein gravity, the new affine-like connections are related to the spin connection by a certain gauge transformation, and a gravitational CS term expressed in terms of the new connections is also presented.Comment: 40 pages, no figures. v2:references added, coefficients of eqs in apppendix D corrected, minor typos also corrected, v3:Version accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravit

Museo de Anatomía: su gestión por parte del personal auxiliar docente

Desde abril de 2011, en el hall central del primer piso de nuestra facultad funciona el Museo de Anatomía Humana Normal "Dr. Poli". A instancias del actual Prof. Titular, Dr. Julio C Hijano, las tareas operativas se encuentran a cargo de la planta Auxiliar Docente, estudiantes de la carrera de Medicina que se desempeñan como ayudantes alumnos ad honorem y rentados en la Cátedra de Anatomía B.Facultad de Ciencias Médica