Beetle-transmitted viruses

One group of bean diseases with characteristic virus symptoms is the mosaic group, frequently associated with leaf and plant malformations and green and yellow stippling. Insect vectors belong to the families Chrysomelidae, Coccinelidae, and Meloidae. This group of virus contains the bean southern mosaic virus (BSMV), the bean mild mosaic virus (BMMV), the bean rugose mosaic virus (BRMV), the bean pod mottle virus (BPMV), the bean curly dwarf mosaic virus (BCDMV), and the bean yellow stipple virus (BYSV). The geographic distribution, economic importance, host plants, physical properties, purification, transmission, epidemiology, symptomatology, and control measures are given for each one. The symptoms and damage caused by the diseases are illustrated in color. (CIAT)Un grupo de enfermedades del frijol con sintomas caracteristicos de los producidos por los virus es el de los mosaicos, frecuentemente asociados con deformaciones de las hojas y de las plantas y moteado verde o amarillo. Los insectos vectores son de las familias Chrysomelidae, Coccinelidae y Meloidae. En este grupo de virus tenemos el virus del mosaico sureno del frijol (BSMV), el virus del mosaico suave del frijol (BMMV), el virus del mosaico rugoso del frijol (BRMV), el virus del moteado de la vaina del frijol (BPMV), el virus del mosaico y enanismo rizado del frijol (BCDMV) y el virus del moteado amarillo del frijol (BYSV). Para cada uno se presenta su distribucion geografica, importancia economica, plantas hospedantes, propiedades fisicas, purificacion, transmision, epidemiologia, sintomatologia y medidas de control. Se ilustran a color los sintomas y danos causados por las enfermedades. (CIAT

Composition and Self-Adaptation of Service-Based Systems with Feature Models

The adoption of mechanisms for reusing software in pervasive systems has not yet become standard practice. This is because the use of pre-existing software requires the selection, composition and adaptation of prefabricated software parts, as well as the management of some complex problems such as guaranteeing high levels of efficiency and safety in critical domains. In addition to the wide variety of services, pervasive systems are composed of many networked heterogeneous devices with embedded software. In this work, we promote the safe reuse of services in service-based systems using two complementary technologies, Service-Oriented Architecture and Software Product Lines. In order to do this, we extend both the service discovery and composition processes defined in the DAMASCo framework, which currently does not deal with the service variability that constitutes pervasive systems. We use feature models to represent the variability and to self-adapt the services during the composition in a safe way taking context changes into consideration. We illustrate our proposal with a case study related to the driving domain of an Intelligent Transportation System, handling the context information of the environment.Work partially supported by the projects TIN2008-05932, TIN2008-01942, TIN2012-35669, TIN2012-34840 and CSD2007-0004 funded by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER; P09-TIC-05231 and P11-TIC-7659 funded by Andalusian Government; and FP7-317731 funded by EU. Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Susceptibility to Flooding in Abdon Calderon of Canton Portoviejo Parish

This research was developed in the field of risk management against floods with the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to assess the susceptibility to flooding in the central part of the Abdón Calderón parish of the Portoviejo canton where there are geographical and climatic characteristics that create favorable conditions for the occurrence of this phenomenon (slopes, edaphic composition with significant presence of clay and existence of patterns of intense rainfall in the winter season. Work was proposed to determine the susceptibility to flooding to which the research area is subject through the analysis of cartographic data and the thematic maps of slope and soil with a weighting methodology of the importance of the mentioned variables according to the qualitative evaluation. Iva carried out preliminarily through observation visits and taking of reference data in situ. The result was the obtaining of a susceptibility map where the high, medium and low susceptibility level can be observed in the downtown part of the Abdón Calderón parish

Bounds on the mass and abundance of dark compact objects and black holes in dwarf spheroidal galaxy halos

We establish new dynamical constraints on the mass and abundance of compact objects in the halo of dwarf spheroidal galaxies. In order to preserve kinematically cold the second peak of the Ursa Minor dwarf spheroidal (UMi dSph) against gravitational scattering, we place upper limits on the density of compact objects as a function of their assumed mass. The mass of the dark matter constituents cannot be larger than 1000 solar masses at a halo density in UMi's core of 0.35 solar masses/pc^3. This constraint rules out a scenario in which dark halo cores are formed by two-body relaxation processes. Our bounds on the fraction of dark matter in compact objects with masses >3000 solar masses improve those based on dynamical arguments in the Galactic halo. In particular, objects with masses $\sim 10^{5}$ solar masses can comprise no more than a halo mass fraction $\sim 0.01$. Better determinations of the velocity dispersion of old overdense regions in dSphs may result in more stringent constraints on the mass of halo objects. For illustration, if the preliminary value of 0.5 km/s for the secondary peak of UMi is confirmed, compact objects with masses above $\sim 100$ solar masses could be excluded from comprising all its dark matter halo.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Zeolite and Removal of Ammonium in Sewage

One of the problems that represent a nuisance for the citizens of the city of Portoviejo in Ecuador is related to the treatment to the waste water, since in their majority they are poured as effluents to the river Portoviejo. This situation causes at different times of the year that there is an unpleasant smell that affects the environment. In the work technical solutions are analyzed to avoid such annoyance; but the most important thing is to avoid contaminating the river waters with the dumping of pollutants that alter the quality of the water. A variant aimed at ammonium removal is proposed using zeolite filters

Studying the nuclear mass composition of Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory measures the atmospheric depth, $X_{max}$, where the longitudinal profile of the high energy air showers reaches its maximum. This is sensitive to the nuclear mass composition of the cosmic rays. Due to its hybrid design, the Pierre Auger Observatory also provides independent experimental observables obtained from the Surface Detector for the study of the nuclear mass composition. We present $X_{max}$-distributions and an update of the average and RMS values in different energy bins and compare them to the predictions for different nuclear masses of the primary particles and hadronic interaction models. We also present the results of the composition-sensitive parameters derived from the ground level component.Comment: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Topics in Astroparticle and Underground Physics, TAUP 2011, Munich, German

Sustainable Transformation of Energy Matrix

Geographic Information System for Sustainable Energy Development (SIGDES). It is the system which contains geo-referenced data that leads to the knowledge about several potentials of renewable energy sources in the province of Manabí. The objective of providing this information is proposed in a system that promotes the educational research and projects for business development with a territorial vision of sustainability that can make possible the change of the energy matrix. The system allows the user to use the information contained in the database, focusing on the solution of energy problems in the community and leads to local sustainable development