Pengaruh Lokasi dan Harga terhadap Keputusan Berbelanja pada Mini Market Sastra Mas Tabanan

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) pengaruh lokasi secara parsial, 2) pengaruh harga secara parsial, 3) Pengaruh simultan lokasi dan harga terhadap keputusan berbelanja pada Mini Market Sastra Mas Tabanan. jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumen Mini Market Sastra Mas, sedangkan Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah pengaruh lokasi dan harga terhadap Keputusan Berbelanja di Mini Market Sastra Mas Tabanan. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis uji asumsi klasik, dan uji statistik yaitu uji t, uji F, analisis regresi linier berganda dan analisis koefisien determinasi berganda dengan menggunakan bantuan program SPSS for windows 16.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial variabel lokasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan berbelanja di mini market sastra mas tabanan sebesar 66,8%. Variabel harga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan berbelanja sebesar 59,1%. Pengaruh lokasi dan harga secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan berbelanja di mini market sastra mas tabanan sebesar 76,8%Kata Kunci : Harga, Lokasi, Keputusan Berbelanja This study aimed to find (1) the effect of partial location, (2) the effect of partial price, (3) Effect of simultaneous location and price to the decision to shop at the Mini Market Literature Mas Tabanan. subjects in this study consumer shop at the Mini Market Literatur Mas Tabanan, objects in the study effect of location and price to the decision to shop at the Mini Market Literature Mas. Collection method used was a questionnaire. Data analysis technicques quantitative analysisi, using analysis classical assumption test, and the test statistic is the t test, F test, multiple linear regression analysis and of multiple determination coefficient analysis using SPSS for windows 16.0. The results showed that in partial positive and significant impact location on the decision to shop at the Mini Market Literature Tabanan Mas for 66,8, Partially affect the price of 59,1% of the shopping decision. Influence of location and price simultaneously positive and significant effect on the decision to shop at the mini market literature tabanan mas of 76,8%keyword : Location, Price, Shopping Decision

Characterization of protective immune responses induced by pneumococcal surface protein A in fusion with Pneumolysin derivatives

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and Pneumolysin derivatives (Pds) are important vaccine candidates, which can confer protection in different models of pneumococcal infection. Furthermore, the combination of these two proteins was able to increase protection against pneumococcal sepsis in mice. The present study investigated the potential of hybrid proteins generated by genetic fusion of PspA fragments to Pds to increase cross-protection against fatal pneumococcal infection. Pneumolisoids were fused to the N-terminus of clade 1 or clade 2 pspA gene fragments. Mouse immunization with the fusion proteins induced high levels of antibodies against PspA and Pds, able to bind to intact pneumococci expressing a homologous PspA with the same intensity as antibodies to rPspA alone or the co-administered proteins. However, when antibody binding to pneumococci with heterologous PspAs was examined, antisera to the PspA-Pds fusion molecules showed stronger antibody binding and C3 deposition than antisera to co-administered proteins. In agreement with these results, antisera against the hybrid proteins were more effective in promoting the phagocytosis of bacteria bearing heterologous PspAs in vitro, leading to a significant reduction in the number of bacteria when compared to co-administered proteins. The respective antisera were also capable of neutralizing the lytic activity of Pneumolysin on sheep red blood cells. Finally, mice immunized with fusion proteins were protected against fatal challenge with pneumococcal strains expressing heterologous PspAs. Taken together, the results suggest that PspA-Pd fusion proteins comprise a promising vaccine strategy, able to increase the immune response mediated by cross-reactive antibodies and complement deposition to heterologous strains, and to confer protection against fatal challenge

Effect of the need for preoperative dialysis on perioperative outcomes on patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy: an analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database

Objective: To investigate whether patients requiring dialysis are a higher risk surgical population and would experience more perioperative adverse events even when undergoing a perceived less invasive operation as a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN). LRN is generally a well-tolerated surgical procedure with minimal morbidity and mortality. Prior to transplantation, dialysis patients will often have to undergo a LRN to remove a native kidney with a suspicious mass. Materials and Methods: Patients in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program who underwent a LRN between 2011 and 2016 were included. Patients were stratified by the need for preoperative dialysis 2 weeks prior to surgery, and perioperative outcomes were compared. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between the need for preoperative dialysis and perioperative risk. Results: There were 8315 patients included in this analysis of which 445 (5.4%) patients required preoperative dialysis. Patients who required preoperative dialysis had more minor (

LA HISTORIA LOCAL: LOS MAPAS Y EL APRENDIZAJE DE LA HISTORIA/LOCAL HISTORY: MAPS AND HISTORY LEARNING

El artículo tiene como objetivo socializar sistema de actividades sustentado en habilidades cartográficas para el aprendizaje de hechos y lugares históricos locales por los escolares de 5. Grado, desde la asignatura de Historia de Cuba, a partir de las necesidades objetivas descubiertas en los estudiantes. En su concepción se optó por una investigación de corte cualitativo, se combinaron diversos métodos; el enfoque dialéctico-materialista como método general, análisis documental, observación participante y matemáticos, los que permitieron constatar que no se aprovechan las potencialidades que ofrecen los alumnos de estas edades, en cuyo modelo actual se apoya la investigación. La bibliografía utilizada garantizó obtener los elementos necesarios para  elaborar las actividades que despertaran en los estudiantes habilidades cartográficas para el aprendizaje de hechos y lugares históricos locales

The Challenges and Opportunities of Pharmacoepidemiology in Bone Diseases

Altres ajuts: This work was supported by the National Health Medical Research Council Australia (NHMRC project ID; DA 1114676, DB 1073430, and JRC 1008219). This work was partially supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford. DPA is funded by a National Institute for Health Research Clinician Scientist award (CS-2013-13-012). This article presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR). Other funding bodies were the Bupa Health Foundation (formerly MBF Foundation) and the Mrs Gibson and Ernst Heine Family Foundation. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NHMRC and the NIHR.Pharmacoepidemiology is used extensively in osteoporosis research and involves the study of the use and effects of drugs in large numbers of people. Randomized controlled trials are considered the gold standard in assessing treatment efficacy and safety. However, their results can have limited external validity when applied to day-to-day patients. Pharmacoepidemiological studies aim to assess the effect/s of treatments in actual practice conditions, but they are limited by the quality, completeness, and inherent bias due to confounding. Sources of information include prospectively collected (primary) as well as readily available routinely collected (secondary) (eg, electronic medical records, administrative/claims databases) data. Although the former enable the collection of ad hoc measurements, the latter provide a unique opportunity for the study of large representative populations and for the assessment of rare events at relatively low cost. Observational cohort and case-control studies, the most commonly implemented study designs in pharmacoepidemiology, each have their strengths and limitations. However, the choice of the study design depends on the research question that needs to be answered. Despite the many advantages of observational studies, they also have limitations. First, missing data is a common issue in routine data, frequently dealt with using multiple imputation. Second, confounding by indication arises because of the lack of randomization; multivariable regression and more specific techniques such as propensity scores (adjustment, matching, stratification, trimming, or weighting) are used to minimize such biases. In addition, immortal time bias (time period during which a subject is artefactually event-free by study design) and time-varying confounding (patient characteristics changing over time) are other types of biases usually accounted for using time-dependent modeling. Finally, residual "uncontrolled" confounding is difficult to assess, and hence to account for it, sensitivity analyses and specific methods (eg, instrumental variables) should be considered. © 2018 The Authors JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

Applications of Lgr5-Positive Cochlear Progenitors (LCPs) to the Study of Hair Cell Differentiation

The mouse cochlea contains approximately 15,000 hair cells. Its dimensions and location, and the small number of hair cells, make mechanistic, developmental and cellular replacement studies difficult. We recently published a protocol to expand and differentiate murine neonatal cochlear progenitor cells into 3D organoids that recapitulate developmental pathways and can generate large numbers of hair cells with intact stereociliary bundles, molecular markers of the native cells and mechanotransduction channel activity, as indicated by FM1-43 uptake. Here, we elaborate on the method and application of these Lgr5-positive cochlear progenitors, termed LCPs, to the study of inner ear development and differentiation. We demonstrate the use of these cells for testing several drug candidates, gene silencing and overexpression, as well as genomic modification using CRISPR/Cas9. We thus establish LCPs as a valuable in vitro tool for the analysis of progenitor cell manipulation and hair cell differentiation

Prospects for Genomic Selection in Cassava Breeding

Article purchased; Published online: 28 Sept 2017Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a clonally propagated staple food crop in the tropics. Genomic selection (GS) has been implemented at three breeding institutions in Africa to reduce cycle times. Initial studies provided promising estimates of predictive abilities. Here, we expand on previous analyses by assessing the accuracy of seven prediction models for seven traits in three prediction scenarios: cross-validation within populations, cross-population prediction and cross-generation prediction. We also evaluated the impact of increasing the training population (TP) size by phenotyping progenies selected either at random or with a genetic algorithm. Cross-validation results were mostly consistent across programs, with nonadditive models predicting of 10% better on average. Cross-population accuracy was generally low (mean = 0.18) but prediction of cassava mosaic disease increased up to 57% in one Nigerian population when data from another related population were combined. Accuracy across generations was poorer than within-generation accuracy, as expected, but accuracy for dry matter content and mosaic disease severity should be sufficient for rapid-cycling GS. Selection of a prediction model made some difference across generations, but increasing TP size was more important. With a genetic algorithm, selection of one-third of progeny could achieve an accuracy equivalent to phenotyping all progeny. We are in the early stages of GS for this crop but the results are promising for some traits. General guidelines that are emerging are that TPs need to continue to grow but phenotyping can be done on a cleverly selected subset of individuals, reducing the overall phenotyping burden

Reconstructing Disturbances and Their Biogeochemical Consequences over Multiple Timescales

Ongoing changes in disturbance regimes are predicted to cause acute changes in ecosystem structure and function in the coming decades, but many aspects of these predictions are uncertain. A key challenge is to improve the predictability of postdisturbance biogeochemical trajectories at the ecosystem level. Ecosystem ecologists and paleoecologists have generated complementary data sets about disturbance (type, severity, frequency) and ecosystem response (net primary productivity, nutrient cycling) spanning decadal to millennial timescales. Here, we take the first steps toward a full integration of these data sets by reviewing how disturbances are reconstructed using dendrochronological and sedimentary archives and by summarizing the conceptual frameworks for carbon, nitrogen, and hydrologic responses to disturbances. Key research priorities include further development of paleoecological techniques that reconstruct both disturbances and terrestrial ecosystem dynamics. In addition, mechanistic detail from disturbance experiments, long-term observations, and chronosequences can help increase the understanding of ecosystem resilienc

Reconstructing Disturbances and Their Biogeochemical Consequences over Multiple Timescales

Ongoing changes in disturbance regimes are predicted to cause acute changes in ecosystem structure and function in the coming decades, but many aspects of these predictions are uncertain. A key challenge is to improve the predictability of postdisturbance biogeochemical trajectories at the ecosystem level. Ecosystem ecologists and paleoecologists have generated complementary data sets about disturbance (type, severity, frequency) and ecosystem response (net primary productivity, nutrient cycling) spanning decadal to millennial timescales. Here, we take the first steps toward a full integration of these data sets by reviewing how disturbances are reconstructed using dendrochronological and sedimentary archives and by summarizing the conceptual frameworks for carbon, nitrogen, and hydrologic responses to disturbances. Key research priorities include further development of paleoecological techniques that reconstruct both disturbances and terrestrial ecosystem dynamics. In addition, mechanistic detail from disturbance experiments, long-term observations, and chronosequences can help increase the understanding of ecosystem resilience