129 research outputs found
Plantio direto, adubação verde e suplementação com esterco de aves na produção orgùnica de berinjela.
Sob manejo orgĂąnico, foram avaliados, em SeropĂ©dica, RJ, os sistemas de plantio direto da berinjela(Solanum melongena) nas palhadas de Crotalaria juncea (crotalĂĄria), Pennisetum glaucum (milheto, cv. BRS 1501)e vegetação espontĂąnea (pousio), em comparação com o plantio convencional (aração e gradagem ou enxada rotativa). Simultaneamente, foram avaliados trĂȘs tipos de cultivo: berinjela em monocultura, em consĂłrcio com crotalĂĄria e em consĂłrcio com caupi (Vigna unguiculata, cv. MauĂĄ). NĂŁo houve diferença entre os sistemas de plantio direto e convencional quanto Ă produção comercial da berinjela. A palhada da crotalĂĄria foi mais eficiente que a do milheto e do pousio para cobertura morta do solo e conseqĂŒentemente o controle de plantas espontĂąneas foi maior. O cultivo simultĂąneo com as leguminosas nĂŁo acarretou redução da produtividade da berinjela.Em um segundo estudo, foram comparados plantio direto (palhadas de crotalĂĄria e da vegetação espontĂąnea) e plantio convencional, combinados com doses crescentes de cama de aviĂĄrio (0, 100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1 de N)aplicada em cobertura. Em termos de aporte de biomassa, a crotalĂĄria foi novamente superior Ă vegetação espontĂąnea.A berinjela respondeu Ă adubação orgĂąnica, com produtividade mĂĄxima de 50,6 t ha-1 , correspondendo Ă maior dose empregada, contra 36,9 t ha-1 referentes ao controle
ATLANTIC â PRIMATES : a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America
Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1â6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, ParanĂĄ, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species coâoccurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data.Fil: Culot, Laurence. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Pereira, Lucas Augusto. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Agostini, Ilaria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical. Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical; Argentina. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque AtlĂĄntico; ArgentinaFil: de Almeida, Marco AntĂŽnio Barreto. Pontificia Universidade CatĂłlica do Rio Grande do Sul; BrasilFil: Alves, Rafael Souza Cruz. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Baldovino, MarĂa Celia. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque AtlĂĄntico; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de TucumĂĄn. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo. Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - TucumĂĄn; ArgentinaFil: Di Bitetti, Mario Santiago. Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque AtlĂĄntico; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical - Nodo Puerto IguazĂș | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical - Nodo Puerto IguazĂș; ArgentinaFil: Oklander, Luciana InĂ©s. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical - Nodo Puerto IguazĂș | Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical. Instituto de BiologĂa Subtropical - Nodo Puerto IguazĂș; ArgentinaFil: Holzmann, Ingrid. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂfico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales. Museo de Ciencias Naturales. Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA; ArgentinaFil: Dums, Marcos. RUMO S.A. Licenciamento Ambiental; BrasilFil: Lombardi, Pryscilla Moura. RUMO S.A. Licenciamento Ambiental; BrasilFil: Bonikowski, Renata Twardowsky Ramalho. RUMO S.A. Licenciamento Ambiental; BrasilFil: Age, StĂ©fani Gabrieli. RUMO S.A. Licenciamento Ambiental; BrasilFil: Souza Alves, JoĂŁo Pedro. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Chagas, Renata. Universidade Federal da ParaĂba; BrasilFil: da Cunha, RogĂ©rio Grassetto Teixeira. Universidade Federal de Alfenas; BrasilFil: Valença Montenegro, Monica Mafra. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Primates Brasileiros; BrasilFil: Ludwig, Gabriela. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Primates Brasileiros; BrasilFil: Jerusalinsky, Leandro. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Primates Brasileiros; BrasilFil: Buss, Gerson. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Primates Brasileiros; BrasilFil: de Azevedo, Renata Bocorny. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservaçao de Primates Brasileiros; BrasilFil: Filho, Roberio Freire. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; BrasilFil: Bufalo, Felipe. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Milhe, Louis. UniversitĂ© D'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse; FranciaFil: Santos, Mayara Mulato dos. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Sepulvida, RaĂssa. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Ferraz, Daniel da Silva. Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Faria, Michel Barros. Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais; BrasilFil: Ribeiro, Milton Cezar. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; BrasilFil: Galetti, Mauro. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho; Brasi
Accurate and homogeneous abundance patterns in solar-type stars of the solar neighbourhood: a chemo-chronological analysis
We report the abundances of C, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni,
Cu, Zn, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, Ce, Nd, and Sm in 25 solar-type stars in the solar
neighbourhood, and their correlations with ages, kinematics, and orbital
parameters. The spectroscopic analysis, based high resolution and high S/N
ratio data, was differential to the Sun and applied to atomic line EWs and to C
and C2 spectral synthesis. We performed a statistical study using a tree
clustering analysis, searching for groups of stars sharing similar abundance
patterns. We derived Teff, log(g), and [Fe/H] with errors of 30 K, 0.13 dex,
and 0.05 dex, respectively. The average error in [X/Fe] is 0.06 dex. Ages were
derived from theoretical HR diagrams and memberships in kinematical moving
groups. We identified four stellar groups: with over-solar abundances (
= +0.26 dex), under-solar abundances ( = -0.24 dex), and intermediate
values ( = -0.06 and +0.06 dex) but with distinct chemical patterns.
Stars sharing solar metallicity, age, and Galactic orbit possibly have
non-solar abundance, an effect either of chemical heterogeneity in their natal
clouds or migration. A trend of [Cu/Fe] with [Ba/Fe] seems to exist, in
agreement with previous claims in the literature, and maybe also of [Sm/Fe]
with [Ba/Fe]. No such correlation involving C, Na, Mn, and Zn is observed.
[Mg/Fe], [Sc/Fe], and [Ti/Fe] increase with age. [Mn/Fe] and [Cu/Fe] first
increase towards younger stars up to the solar age, and then decrease, a result
we interpret as possibly related to time-varying yields of SN Ia and the weak
s-process. [Sr/Fe], [Y/Fe], [Sr/Mg], [Y/Mg], [Sr/Zn], and [Y/Zn] linearly
increase towards younger stars. [Zr/Fe], [Ce/Fe], [Nd/Fe], [Ba/Mg], [Ba/Zn],
and [Sr,Y,Ba/Sm] increase but only for stars younger than the Sun. The steepest
negative age relation is due to [Ba/Fe], but only for stars younger than the
Sun.Comment: 27 pages, 11 figures, 10 table
Comparison of physical fitness between healthy and mildâtoâmoderate asthmatic children with exercise symptoms: A crossâsectional study
.Objective
Asthma is a chronic disease that may affect physical fitness, although its primary effects on exercise capacity, muscle strength, functionality and lifestyle, in children and adolescents, are still poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lifestyle, lung function, and functionality between asthmatics with exercise symptoms and healthy children. In addition, we have analyzed the association between clinical history and the presence of asthma.
Study Design
Cross-sectional study including 71 patients with a diagnosis of asthma and 71 healthy children and adolescents (7â17 years of age). Anthropometric data, clinical history, disease control, lifestyle (KIDMED and physical activity questionnaires), lung function (spirometry), exercise-induced bronchoconstriction test, aerobic fitness (cardiopulmonary exercise test), muscle strength and functionality (timed up and go; timed up and down stairs) were evaluated.
Results
Seventy-one patients with asthma (mean age 11.5â±â2.7) and 71 healthy subjects (mean age 10.7â±â2.5) were included. All asthmatic children had mild to moderate and stable asthma. EIB occurred in 56.3% of asthmatic children. Lung function was significantly (pâ<â.05) lower in the asthmatic group when compared to healthy peers, as well as the cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lifestyle and functionality. Moreover, asthmatic children were more likely to have atopic dermatitis, allergic reactions, food allergies, and a family history of asthma when compared to healthy children.
Conclusions
Children with mild-to-moderate asthma presenting exercise symptoms show a reduction in cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, lung function, functionality, and lifestyle when compared to healthy peers. The study provides data for pediatricians to support exercise practice aiming to improve prognosis and quality of life in asthmatic children.S
Entamoeba lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Contains a Cytokine-Like Domain with Chemokine Activity towards Human Endothelial Cells
Immunological pressure encountered by protozoan parasites drives the selection of strategies to modulate or avoid the immune responses of their hosts. Here we show that the parasite Entamoeba histolytica has evolved a chemokine that mimics the sequence, structure, and function of the human cytokine HsEMAPII (Homo sapiens endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II). This Entamoeba EMAPII-like polypeptide (EELP) is translated as a domain attached to two different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS) that are overexpressed when parasites are exposed to inflammatory signals. EELP is dispensable for the tRNA aminoacylation activity of the enzymes that harbor it, and it is cleaved from them by Entamoeba proteases to generate a standalone cytokine. Isolated EELP acts as a chemoattractant for human cells, but its cell specificity is different from that of HsEMAPII. We show that cell specificity differences between HsEMAPII and EELP can be swapped by site directed mutagenesis of only two residues in the cytokines' signal sequence. Thus, Entamoeba has evolved a functional mimic of an aaRS-associated human cytokine with modified cell specificity
A large topographic feature on the surface of the trans-Neptunian object (307261) 2002 MS measured from stellar occultations
This work aims at constraining the size, shape, and geometric albedo of the
dwarf planet candidate 2002 MS4 through the analysis of nine stellar
occultation events. Using multichord detection, we also studied the object's
topography by analyzing the obtained limb and the residuals between observed
chords and the best-fitted ellipse. We predicted and organized the
observational campaigns of nine stellar occultations by 2002 MS4 between 2019
and 2022, resulting in two single-chord events, four double-chord detections,
and three events with three to up to sixty-one positive chords. Using 13
selected chords from the 8 August 2020 event, we determined the global
elliptical limb of 2002 MS4. The best-fitted ellipse, combined with the
object's rotational information from the literature, constrains the object's
size, shape, and albedo. Additionally, we developed a new method to
characterize topography features on the object's limb. The global limb has a
semi-major axis of 412 10 km, a semi-minor axis of 385 17 km, and
the position angle of the minor axis is 121 16. From
this instantaneous limb, we obtained 2002 MS4's geometric albedo and the
projected area-equivalent diameter. Significant deviations from the fitted
ellipse in the northernmost limb are detected from multiple sites highlighting
three distinct topographic features: one 11 km depth depression followed by a
25 km height elevation next to a crater-like depression with an
extension of 322 39 km and 45.1 1.5 km deep. Our results present an
object that is 138 km smaller in diameter than derived from thermal
data, possibly indicating the presence of a so-far unknown satellite. However,
within the error bars, the geometric albedo in the V-band agrees with the
results published in the literature, even with the radiometric-derived albedo
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