Practical approaches to characterizing health disparities in your community: a workshop and panel.

Presented at: 2015 Annual Conference of the New Mexico Public Health Association; March 31-April 1, 2015; Albuquerque, NM.https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/prc-posters-presentations/1037/thumbnail.jp

Gross inland energy consumption inequality in Europe: An empirical approach.

ABSTRACT: This paper analyses the gross inland energy consumption (EC) in the European Union countries (EU-15) taking in account the period 2005-2014. The standard tools in the measurement of income inequality such as Lorenz curves, Gini index, Generalized Entropy indices and Atkinson ones are applied. The empirical results, obtained through the decomposition of the generalized entropy indices, confirm that there are a small inward shift in the corresponding Lorenz curves, that the inequality distribution of EC across the EU-15 countries has decreased (the Gini coefficient falls from 44,27% in 2005 to 42,16% in 2014) and there are differences among the countries' clusters: Mediterranean, Continental, Nordic and Anglo-Saxon. This paper makes a good contribution to knowledge: firstly, it is innovative since it puts together energy Consumption and inequality among the EU-15 countries, secondly, it uses a very up-to-dated database (Eurostat), and thirdly, it fills a gap in the literature

Desigualdad en el consumo energético en Europa: un enfoque empírico

ABSTRACT. The aim of this paper is to analyse gross inland energy consumption (EC) in the EU-15 - European Union countries over the period 2005-2014. The standard tools in the measurement of income inequality such as Lorenz Curve, Gini Index, and Generalized Entropy and Atkinson indices are applied. The empirical results confirm that EC inequality has decreased (the Gini coefficient falls from 44.27% in 2005 to 42.16% in 2014), that there are a small inward shift in the corresponding Lorenz Curve and there are huge differences among the four European clusters of countries (Mediterranean, Continental, Nordic and Anglo-Saxon ones).RESUMEN. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el consumo de energía (CE) en los países de la Unión Europea (UE-15) durante el periodo 2005-2014. Se aplican herramientas estándar en la medición de la desigualdad, como las Curvas de Lorenz, el índice de Gini, los índices de entropía generalizada y de Atkinson. Los resultados empíricos, obtenidos confirman que se ha producido un desplazamiento de las curvas de Lorenz, que la distribución de desigualdad del CE en los países de la UE-15 ha disminuido (el coeficiente de Gini cae del 44,27% en 2005 al 42,16% en 2014) y existen amplias diferencias entre grupos de países (Mediterráneos, Continentales, Nórdicos y Anglosajones)

Phonon-induced optical superlattice

We demonstrate the formation of a dynamic optical superlattice through the modulation of a semiconductor microcavity by stimulated acoustic phonons. The high coherent phonon population produces a folded optical dispersion relation with well-defined energy gaps and renormalized energy levels, which are accessed using reflection and diffraction experiments

Optical characterization of Mg-doped GaN films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor phase deposition

Scanning electron microscopy, micro-Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements are reported for Mg-doped GaN films grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor phase deposition. The surface morphology, structural, and optical properties of GaN samples with Mg concentrations ranging from 1019 to 1021 cm−3 have been studied. In the scanning micrographs large triangular pyramids are observed, probably due to stacking fault formation and three-dimensional growth. The density and size of these structures increase with the amount of magnesium incorporated in the samples. In the photoluminescence spectra, intense lines were found at 3.36 and 3.31 eV on the triangular regions, where the presence of cubic inclusions was confirmed by micro-Raman measurements. The excitation dependence and temperature behavior of these lines enable us to identify their excitonic nature. From our study we conclude that the interface region between these defects and the surrounding wurtzite GaN could be responsible for PL [email protected] ; [email protected] ; [email protected]

Photoluminescence study of excitons in homoepitaxial GaN

High-resolution photoluminescence spectra have been measured in high-quality homoepitaxial GaN grown on a free-standing GaN substrate with lower residual strain than in previous work. Unusually strong and well-resolved excitonic lines were observed. Based on free- and bound exciton transitions some important GaN parameters are derived. The Arrhenius plot of the free A exciton recombination yields a binding energy of 24.7 meV. Based on this datum, an accurate value for the band-gap energy, EG(4.3 K) = 3.506 eV, can be given. From the donor bound excitons and their “two-electron” satellites, the exciton localization energy and donor ionization energy are deduced. Finally, estimates of the electron and hole masses have been obtained within the effective mass [email protected] ; [email protected]

Semi-quantum approach to molecular dynamics simulation of thermal properties of low-dimensional nanostructures

We present a detailed description of semi-quantum molecular dynamics simulation of stochastic dynamics of a system of interacting particles. Within this approach, the dynamics of the system is described with the use of classical Newtonian equations of motion in which the effects of phonon quantum statistics are introduced through random Langevin-like forces with a specific power spectral density (the color noise). The color noise describes the interaction of the molecular system with the thermostat. We apply this technique to the simulation of thermal properties and heat transport in different low-dimensional nanostructures. We describe the determination of temperature in quantum lattice systems, to which the equipartition limit is not applied. We show that one can determine the temperature of such system from the measured power spectrum and temperature- and relaxation-rate-independent density of vibrational (phonon) states. We simulate the specific heat and heat transport in carbon nanotubes, as well as the heat transport in molecular nanoribbons with perfect (atomically smooth) and rough (porous) edges, and in nanoribbons with strongly anharmonic periodic interatomic potentials. We show that the effects of quantum statistics of phonons are essential for the carbon nanotube in the whole temperature range T<500K, in which the values of the specific heat and thermal conductivity of the nanotube are considerably less than that obtained within the description based on classical statistics of phonons.Comment: 19 pages, 15 figures, 2 table

Enhanced optical properties of Cd–Mg-co-doped ZnO nanoparticles induced by low crystal structure distortion

The growth of CdxMg0.125-xZn0.875O nanoparticles with yellow-orange luminescence is achieved up to 2.5 at. % Cd via a modified sol–gel process. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that all the nanoparticles have the hexagonal wurtzite structure. It is found that Cd doping has a considerable effect on the crystal size, microstrain, band gap, and photoluminescence of the Mg0·125Zn0·875O structure, originating from a preferred crystallographic orientation along the (101) plane of the wurtzite structure. The shift and broadening of the E2(high) mode observed in the Raman spectra due to growth-induced strain corroborates the small distortion observed in the X-ray diffraction data. The optical band gap varies from 3.21 eV to 2.74 eV, being redshifted with increasing Cd concentration (from 0 at. % to 2.5 at. %). The photoluminescence obtained with an excitation wavelength of 325 nm has a broad yellow-orange emission peak at around 640 nm due to transitions related to oxygen vacancies and interstitial oxygen atoms. We located the yellow-orange emission in the chromaticity coordinate diagram in the 2683–2777 K colour temperature region, demonstrating that CdxMg0.125-xZnO0.875 nanoparticles have potential applications in white light-emitting diodes.publishe

Residual strain effects on the two-dimensional electron gas concentration of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures

Ga-face AlGaN/GaN heterostructures with different sheet carrier concentrations have been studied by photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy. Compared to bulk GaN, an energy shift of the excitonic emission lines towards higher energies was observed, indicating the presence of residual compressive strain in the GaN layer. This strain was confirmed by the shift of the E2 Raman line, from which biaxial compressive stresses ranging between 0.34 and 1.7 GPa were deduced. The spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations for each layer of the heterostructures have been also calculated. The analysis of these quantities clarified the influence of the residual stress on the sheet electron concentration (ns). Possible causes for the discrepancies between the calculated and experimentally determined sheet carrier densities are briefly [email protected] ; [email protected]