Comparison of the deep frying process in coated and uncoated dough systems.

The effect of an edible methylcellulose coating to reduce oil uptake during frying was analyzed on a dough system. The oil uptake reduction was 30% for coated dough discs compared to uncoated ones; the coating neither modified the water content of the samples nor the quality attributes of the fried dough such as color and texture. A mathematical model was developed including simultaneous heat and water vapor transfer at the different stages of the frying process and the cooling at environmental conditions after the product was removed from the fryer. It allowed to simulate satisfactorily the experimental data of temperature profiles, water losses and the thickness of the dehydrated zone (dT) as a function of frying time. Postfrying oil uptake was correlated with dT considering microstructural changes during frying time, analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The coating reduced oil uptake, modifying the wetting properties related to the interfacial tension and also becoming a mechanical barrier to lipids. microscopy). The coating reduced oil uptake, modifying the wetting properties related to the interfacial tension and also becoming a mechanical barrier to lipids. oil uptake was correlated with dT considering microstructural changes during frying time, analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The coating reduced oil uptake, modifying the wetting properties related to the interfacial tension and also becoming a mechanical barrier to lipids. microscopy). The coating reduced oil uptake, modifying the wetting properties related to the interfacial tension and also becoming a mechanical barrier to lipids. dT) as a function of frying time. Postfrying oil uptake was correlated with dT considering microstructural changes during frying time, analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The coating reduced oil uptake, modifying the wetting properties related to the interfacial tension and also becoming a mechanical barrier to lipids. microscopy). The coating reduced oil uptake, modifying the wetting properties related to the interfacial tension and also becoming a mechanical barrier to lipids. dT considering microstructural changes during frying time, analyzed by SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The coating reduced oil uptake, modifying the wetting properties related to the interfacial tension and also becoming a mechanical barrier to lipids.Fil: Bertolini Suárez, R.. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Campañone, Laura Analia. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingenierí­a. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Garcia, Maria Alejandra. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; ArgentinaFil: Zaritzky, Noemi Elisabet. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Criotecnología de Alimentos; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingenierí­a. Departamento de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

‘Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum’ Is Unlikely to Be Transmitted Spontaneously from Infected Carrot Plants to Citrus Plants by Trioza Erytreae

© 2020 by the authors.Bacteria belonging to ‘Candidatus Liberibacter spp.’ are associated with various severe diseases in the five continents. The African citrus psyllid Trioza erytreae (Hemiptera: Triozidae) is an efficient vector of citrus huanglongbing-HLB disease, absent in the Mediterranean basin. This psyllid is currently present in the islands and mainland Portugal and Spain, where the prevalence of ‘Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum’ (CaLsol) associated to a carrot disease is high. Trioza erytreae normally feeds on citrus plants but has also been observed on other crops. It would be a great concern to the Mediterranean citrus industry if T. erytreae could transmit this bacterium from carrots to citrus and cause disease; therefore, the transmission of CaLsol from carrot plants to citrus plants was experimentally assessed. Although CaLsol was initially detected on receptor citrus plants in transmission assays by dodder and budding, the infection was not established. The feeding behavior by electrical penetration graphs and oviposition of T. erytreae on carrot plants versus citrus plants was evaluated. Trioza erytreae only reached the phloem in citrus plants. However, it was able to acquire CaLsol from infected carrots but unable to transmit it to citrus plants. CaLsol was detected in some carrot plants immediately after 7 and 14 days (inoculation access period), but it was not detected after one month. Trioza erytreae was unable to complete its life cycle on carrot plants. In conclusion, the efficient vector of bacteria associated to huanglongbing was unable to transmit CaLsol from carrot to citrus plants, but it acquired and transmitted the bacterium from carrot to carrot plants with low efficiency.This research was funded by Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, INIA RTA2011-00142-C2 and INIA E-RTA2014-00008-C4. M.Q.-G.d.C. is recipient of a 2017-2020 Ph.D. grant from INIA. G.R.T. was recipient of Ph.D. grant 2010-2014 from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Ministério da Educação, Brazil. E.B. was recipient of an INIA-CCAA 2011-2016 contract from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Spain.Peer reviewe

Microbiological and functional evaluation of an alternative device (OB®) for estrous synchronization in ewes Avaliação microbiológica e funcional de um dispositivo vaginal alternativo (OB®) para sincronização de cio em ovelhas

The use of synthetic progestagens released by vaginal devices is an important tool to overcome the reproductive seasonality in sheep, but cost and/or subsequent vaginitis are limiting factors for their use. To identify economic, simple and innocuous alternative vaginal devices for estrous synchronization/induction protocols in sheep, this study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and functional viability of the human vaginal tampons (OB®) impregnated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) on reproductive performance of ewes. The study compared them with commercial vaginal inserts (CIDR®) and polyurethane sponges impregnated with MAP. In Experiment 1, the device loss rate, the degree of vaginitis during the device removal, the count and identification of bacterial colonies at the device insertion and removal, and efficiency in estrous synchronization and estrus temporal distribution were evaluated. Pubertal ewes at the beginning of the breeding season were randomly allocated to three experimental groups: CIDR®, PSP (polyurethane sponge) and OB®. No device losses occurred in any group, but the use of OB® caused milder signs of vaginitis than polyurethane sponges, with a similar vaginal bacterial growth and microbiota than the CIDR group. The estrus distribution was more disperse in the CIDR than PSP or OB groups. In Experiment 2, pregnancy rates using CIDR® or OB® devices were compared, with estrus manifestation (85.4% and 89.8%) and pregnancy rates (58.3% and 49.0%) being similar between groups (P>0.05), respectively. In conclusion, the use of human intra-vaginal tampons (OB®) impregnated with MAP was proven highly hygienic, practical and effective as a low-cost alternative for estrous synchronization and AI in sheep.<br>O uso de progestágeno sintético liberado por pessários vaginais é uma importante ferramenta para suplantar a sazonalidade reprodutiva em ovelhas. Todavia, seu uso é limitado pelo custo ou pelas subsequentes vaginites. Na busca de uma alternativa simples e de baixo custo para sincronizar estro em ovelhas, este estudo avaliou o tampão vaginal humano (OB®) impregnado com MAP, na performance reprodutiva de ovelhas, comparando com o CIDR® e as esponjas de poliuretano, estas também impregnadas com MAP. No experimento 1 foram avaliados a taxa de perdas; o grau das vaginites no momento da remoção do pessário; a contagem e identificação das colônias bacterianas; bem como a eficiência da sincronização e a distribuição temporal dos cios. As ovelhas foram aleatoriamente distribuídas em um de três grupos experimentais: CIDR, Esponjas e OB, no inicio da estação reprodutiva. Não ocorreram perdas de pessários em qualquer grupo, porém o OB causou menor grau de vaginite em relação às esponjas, com um crescimento bacteriano e microbiota similares ao grupo CIDR. A distribuição dos cios foi mais dispersa no grupo CIDR do que nos grupos Esponja ou OB. No experimento 2, foram comparados o CIDR e OB em relação à manifestação de cio (85,4% e 89,8%) e taxa de prenhez (58,3% e 49,0%), que foram similares (P<0,05). Conclui-se que o pessário OB impregnado com MAP é higiênico, de baixo custo, prático e efetivo como para a sincronização de cios e IA em ovelhas