On the Basic Affective Dimensions of Japanese Onomatopoeia and the Basic Level of Japanese Phonesthemes

音感素は、音素と形態素の間のレベルに位置する、音象徴における基本単位である。英語やスウェーデン語などにおいては、二子音、あるいは三子音からなる多くの音感素の例が報告されている(Hinton, Nichols and Ohala, 1994; Abelin, 1999)。日本語は、二子音、三子音からなる音のパターンを欠いているので、そのような音感素も存在しない。Hamano(1998)は、日本語における各子音と各母音を音感素に設定し、日本語におけるオノマトペを組織的に分析している。Hamanoの分析は大変興味深いが、音感素と感性的意味の選択は分析者の直感によっている。この予備的研究で我々は、こうした基本問題に関する経験的な証拠を提供し、これを日本語における音象徴全般の問題に関連づけることを試みる。1)60のオノマトペが用いられた。オノマトペはすべてCIVIC2V2形式で、意味は感情に関連するものだった。12人の被験者がこれらのオノマトペを24の形容詞対により評定した。形容詞対24次元空間における60のオノマトペ間の距離行列がMDSにより分析された。2次元解が採用された。第1次元は明るさと、第2次元は硬さと最も高い相関を示した。2)157の日本語の拍が用いられた。99名の被験者がこれらの拍の明るさを、100名の被験者がこれらの拍の硬さを評定した。67の拍の評定平均値がカテゴリー回帰分析によって分析された。従属変数は明るさと硬さであった。独立変数は子音と母音だった。重相関係数は、明るさと硬さともにほぼ1であった。拍への影響は、明るさと硬さともに子音の方が大きかった。Phonesthemes are the basic unit in sound symbolism, which lies between phonemes and morphemes. In English or Swedish, there are many phonesthemes that consist of two or three consonants (Hinton, Nichols and Ohala, 1994; Abelin, 1999). Japanese does not have such phonesthemes, because it lacks such sound patterns. Hamano (1998) set each Japanese consonant and vowel as a phonestheme and analyzed Japanese onomatopoeia systematically. Her analysis is interesting, yet the selection of phonesthemes and the affective meaning depends on her intuition. In this preliminary study we tried to provide empirical evidence concerning these basic problems and relate these results to the sound symbolism of Japanese in general. 1) 60 onomatopoeia were used. All onomatopoeia were C1V1C2V2 type and related to emotion. 12 subjects rated these onomatopoeia with 24 adjective pairs. Distances among the 60 onomatopoeia in 24 dimensional adjective space were analyzed by MDS. 2 dimensions were adopted. The 1st dimension had the highest correlation with brightness, and the 2nd dimension had the highest correlation with hardness. 2) 157 Japanese morae were used. 99 subjects rated the brightness of these morae and 100 subjects rated the hardness of these morae. Average ratings were analyzed by categorical multiple regression analysis. Dependent variables were averaged brightness or hardness. Independent variables were consonants and vowels. The multiple correlation coefficients for both brightness and hardness were near 1. Consonants had bigger effects on morae than vowels.感情科学の展

Luminescence and optical properties of relaxor ferroelectrics

The optical absorption spectrum, luminescence and photoconductivity on single crystals PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 and on ceramics Pb0.91La0.09(Zr0.65Ti0.35)O 3 are investigated in the wide temperature range. The luminescence spectrum correlates with the photoconductivity spectrum. The position of the maximum of the luminescent emission spectrum indicates the origin of the charge carriers emitted from the defect centers. On the basis of the data the properties of the local centers are determined, and the phenomenological approach to the relaxor theory is discussed

An anatomy of Turkish football match-fixing

While discussion on corruption in sport is intensifying and football match-fixing in particular is attracting increasing attention, new fixing scandals emerge offering new accounts of actors and corrupt practices within the football industry and the level of the external threat to the sport. The scandal exposure of fixed matches in Turkey in 2011 sheds light on the fixing of 17 matches played in the 2010/11 football season and allowed for insights to the actors, structure and processes behind the fix. Following four criminal and seven disciplinary proceedings, the case is still pending appeal for its final decision, involving a total of 93 suspects and having already resulted in the exclusion of two teams from European competitions. The evidence collected by the authorities points towards a hierarchical criminal organisation led by the President of a football club that arranged and coordinated the fixing in order for his team to win the national Championship. The aim of this article is to provide an account of the organisation and coordination of match-fixing in Turkey, with its actors, specifics and criminal characteristics, while offering an examination of match-fixing for sporting success, the least documented type of match-fixing

Transient osteoporosis of the hip [Kalçanin geçici osteoporozu]

Transient osteoporosis of the hip is often seen in middle-aged men and in women during the third trimester of pregnancy and is characterized by acute, spontaneous hip pain. In suspected cases magnetic resonance imaging shows bone marrow edema within 48 hours from the onset of pain. Transient osteoporosis is a diagnosis of exclusion and differential diagnosis with other diseases presented with hip pain and bone marrow edema should be considered. Although it is a self limiting condition it must be kept in mind that it may migrate and involve other joints in the lower extremities like knee, ankle and contralateral hip. The cornerstone of treatment is joint protection and limited weight bearing and antiresorptive medication may be of benefit. This review summarizes conditions defined with the terms of transient osteoporosis of the hip, migratory osteoporosis, pregnancy induced osteoporosis and transient bone marrow edema syndrome

Recurrence of an atrial myxoma

PubMed ID: 1761341A 22-year-old man had an operation 14 years ago for removal of a left atrial myxoma. He was admitted to our hospital because of acute femoral arterial embolism. Echocardiographic examination revealed a mobile pedunculated echodense atrial mass attached to the atrial septum. At operation, the left atrium was found to be occupied with a gelatinous pale mass attached by a stalk to the atrial septum. The tumour was extirpated along with a part of atrial septum, which was assumed to be involved in the tumour. The atrial septal defect created was closed with patch. Histopathological examination of excised material revealed typical features of a myxoma. © 1991

Electron paramagnetic resonance of rhyolite and ?-irradiated Trona minerals

Rhyolite from the "Yellow Stone of Nevşehir" and ?-irradiated trona from the Ankara Mine have been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance at ambient temperature and at 113 K. Rhyolite was examined by X-ray powder diffraction and found to consist mainly of SO2. Before ?-irradiation, the existing paramagnetic species in rhyolite were identified as ?O4 2-, CH2OH, CO3 -, ?O2 -, CO3 3-, and CO2 - free radicals and Fe3+ at ambient temperature. At 113 K ?O2 -, CO3 3-, and CO2 - radicals and Fe3+ were observed. The ?-irradiation produced neither new species nor detectable effects on these free radicals. The disappearance of some of the radicals at 113 K is attributed to the freezing of their motions. Before ?-irradiation, the trona mineral shows only Mn2+ lines, but after ?-irradiation it indicated the inducement of CO3 3- and CO2 - radicals at ambient temperature, 113 K, in addition to the Mn2+ lines. The g and a values of the species were determined

Association of radiological grading with clinical variables and functional status in patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis [Diz ve kalça osteoartritli hastalarda radyolojik evrenin fonksiyonel durum ve klinik parametrelerle ilişkisi]

Objective: The general opinion is that there is a disparity between symptoms and radiological abnormalities in osteoarthritis (OA), but some recent studies emphasize the potential contribution of underlying joint disease to the degree of pain and disability. Our aim was to assess the relationship between radiographic grading and demographic features, clinical variables and functional status in patients with hip and knee OA. Material and Methods: 128 patients (61.8 ± 9.5 years, 84 knee and 44 hip OA) were included in the study. Demographic features, duration of disease and stiffness, and severity of pain were assessed using visual analog scale (VAS). Range of motion (ROM) measurements and radiological grading were performed. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC) was used for evaluating pain, stiffness and physical functions, and Short Form-36 (SF-36) was used for evaluating general health status. These variables were compared between three groups based on Kellgren-Lawrence radiological grades (grade 2, 3, 4). Results: Age, body mass index, ROM values, VAS (p= 0.0001), WOMAC pain, function and total score (p= 0.007, p= 0.03 and p= 0.03 respectively), physical functioning, bodily pain, social functioning and emotional role of SF-36 (p= 0.007, p= 0.008, p= 0.02 and p= 0.009 respectively) were worsened according to radiological grade in knee OA. Duration of disease, ROM values, VAS (p= 0.006) and bodily pain subscale of SF-36 (p= 0.03) were worsened in hip OA; no significant difference was detected in WOMAC subscales and total score. Conclusion: Clinical variables, functional status and quality of life deteriorated with radiological grade in knee OA patients and this deterioration was significant in grade 4. However, this association, especially of functional status, could not be confirmed in hip OA patients. Copyright © 2009 by Türkiye Klinikleri

Parapagus (dicephalus, tetrabrachius, dipus) conjoined twins and their rehabilitation

PubMedID: 23692842A case of female parapagus conjoined twins living as unseparated is presented in this report. The twins had two heads, four arms and two legs. As a result of their fusion, operative care had been considered to be unacceptable, and the family had refused to take care of them. At three years of age, they were referred to the Rehabilitation Department with the complaint of inability to walk. While designing the rehabilitation program, somatosensory evoked potential evaluation was performed and showed that twin 1 controlled the right leg and twin 2 controlled the left. The program consisted of coordinated pacing training by verbal commands, upper and lower extremity reeducation, and balance and coordination exercises. After two months of inpatient rehabilitation, they were able to walk independently with a specially designed walker. Currently, the twins are 11 years old with normal academic achievement, and they are able to walk, run and climb the stairs independently