Changing Sovereignty Games and International Migration

In this article, Professor Zolberg argues that today\u27s immigration issues should be analyzed within their historical bases. He follows the formation of the modern State, with particularfo cus on the legal and political meaning of sovereignty as understood in pre-colonial times down to the World War II period. He next identifies several late twentieth century phenomena in Europe and elsewhere, many of which pose serious challenges to long-standing notions of nationhood and citizenship. The author concludes that despite the recent development of borderless markets and communication infrastructures, much remains to be done to build a truly global community

Changing Sovereignty Games and International Migration

In this article, Professor Zolberg argues that today\u27s immigration issues should be analyzed within their historical bases. He follows the formation of the modern State, with particularfo cus on the legal and political meaning of sovereignty as understood in pre-colonial times down to the World War II period. He next identifies several late twentieth century phenomena in Europe and elsewhere, many of which pose serious challenges to long-standing notions of nationhood and citizenship. The author concludes that despite the recent development of borderless markets and communication infrastructures, much remains to be done to build a truly global community

2-Group Representations for Spin Foams

Just as 3d state sum models, including 3d quantum gravity, can be built using categories of group representations, "2-categories of 2-group representations" may provide interesting state sum models for 4d quantum topology, if not quantum gravity. Here we focus on the "Euclidean 2-group", built from the rotation group SO(4) and its action on the group of translations of 4d Euclidean space. We explain its infinite-dimensional unitary representations, and construct a model based on the resulting representation 2-category. This model, with clear geometric content and explicit "metric data" on triangulation edges, shows up naturally in an attempt to write the amplitudes of ordinary quantum field theory in a background independent way.Comment: 8 pages; to appear in proceedings of the XXV Max Born Symposium: "The Planck Scale", Wroclaw, Polan

Trends and risk factors for childhood diarrhea in sub-Saharan countries (1990 2013): assessing the neighborhood inequalities

BACKGROUND: Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of child mortality and one of the main causes of medical consultation for children in sub-Saharan countries. This paper attempts to determine the risk factors and neighborhood inequalities of diarrheal morbidity among under-5 children in selected countries in sub- Saharan Africa over the period 1990 2013. DESIGN: Data used come from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) waves conducted in Burkina Faso (1992 93, 1998 99, 2003, and 2010), Mali (1995, 2001, 2016, and 2012), Nigeria (1990, 1999, 2003, 2008, and 2013), and Niger (1992, 1998, 2006, and 2012). Bivariate analysis was performed to assess the association between the dependent variable and each of the independent variables. Multilevel logistic regression modelling was used to determine the fixed and random effects of the risk factors associated with diarrheal morbidity. RESULTS: The findings showed that the proportion of diarrheal morbidity among under-5 children varied considerably across the cohorts of birth from 10 to 35%. There were large variations in the proportion of diarrheal morbidity across countries. The proportions of diarrheal morbidity were higher in Niger compared with Burkina Faso, Mali, and Nigeria. The risk factors of diarrheal morbidity varied from one country to another, but the main factors included the child's age, size of the child at birth, the quality of the main floor material, mother's education and her occupation, type of toilet, and place of residence. The analysis shows an increasing trend of diarrheal inequalities according to DHS rounds. In Burkina Faso, the value of the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.04 for 1993 DHS and 0.09 in 2010 DHS; in Mali, the ICC increased from 0.04 in 1995 to 0.16 in 2012; in Nigeria, the ICC increased from 0.13 in 1990 to 0.19 in 2013; and in Niger, the ICC increased from 0.07 in 1992 to 0.11 in 2012.IS

Die Zukunft der internationalen Migrationsbewegungen

Angesichts der fortbestehenden schroffen Ungleichheit der sozioökonomischen und politischen Bedingungen in einer zunehmend zusammenhängenden Welt und der Verhängung von Zuzugsbeschränkungen durch die entwickelteren Länder, durch die dieser Zustand abgesichert wird, ist ein weiteres Anwachsen des Wanderungsdrucks aus den weniger entwickelten Ländern zu erwarten. Doch ob sich dieser steigende Druck in tatsächliche Wanderungen umsetzt, hängt nicht nur von der Ausreisepolitik der Herkunftsländer, sondern vor allem von der Einwanderungspolitik der potentiellen Aufnahmeländer ab. Dieses Faktum wird auch den Strom der Migranten aus den ehemals realsozialistischen Ländern nach der Liberalisierung des Ausreiserechts definieren. Während die wirtschaftlich motivierte Migration insofern "nachfragebestimmt" ist, sind die Wanderungsströme der Flüchtlinge, die lebensbedrohender Gewalt zu entrinnen suchen, "angebotsgeprägt". Diese vom Umfang her bedeutendere Wanderung richtet sich zumeist auf Nachbarländer, sodaß die zukünftige Süd-Nord-Wanderung auch weiterhin beschränkt bleiben wird. Hinsichtlich der ethischen Frage einer Zuzugsregelung für Migranten und Flüchtlinge lautet die umstrittene Frage, ob sich moralische Berechnungen nur auf die nationale Gemeinschaft gründen oder die gesamte Welt umfassen sollten

Factors associated with mothers’ health care‑seeking behaviours for childhood fever in Burkina Faso: Findings from repeated cross‑sectional household surveys

Fever is one of the most frequent reasons for paediatric consultations in Burkina Faso, but health careseeking behaviours and the factors associated with health care-seeking in the event of childhood fever are poorly documented. This study aims to analyse the health care-seeking behaviours and the factors associated with health care-seeking for childhood fever in Burkina Faso. This study used the data from the baseline and endline surveys conducted to evaluate the impact of the Performance-Based Financing program in Burkina Faso. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with appropriate healthcare-seeking for childhood fever. Odds ratios were estimated to assess the strength of associations and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for significance tests. Data were cleaned, coded and analysed using Stata software version 16.1