25 research outputs found
Estimation de lâĂąge fĆtal par Ă©tude scanographique de la pars basilaris de lâos occipital
A look into the past: Improves in obstetrical and neonatal outcome in maternity since the 19th century
Objective. - Evaluate changes in obstetrical and neonatal outcome of women who delivered in maternity hospital since the 19(th) century. Materials and Methods. - Data from a historic cohort of 1022 women who delivered between 1871 and 1874 in the hotel Dieu hospital of Marseille were compared to those from 1159 women who delivered from 2005 to 2006 in the level 3 maternity of Nord hospital of Marseille (contemporary cohort). Deliveries that had occured before 22 weeks and/or with a foetal birth weight of less than 500 g were excluded. Results. - A total of 2131 pregnancies were included: 1011 and 1120 in historic and contemporary cohort, respectively. Despite comparable mean term of delivery, mean birth weight of neonates from historic cohort were significantly lower: 2971 g (550-4900 g) vs 3250 g (500-5375 g), respectively (p < 0.001). Stillbirths were reported in 72 (7.1%) cases in historic cohort compared to nine (0.8%) in contemporary cohort (p < 0.001). Neonatal mortality was 3.7% in historic cohort and 1.9% in contemporary cohort (p = 0.012). A total of 99 (9.8%) maternal deaths were reported in historic cohort, while none in contemporary cohort (p < 0.001). A wide majority of maternal deaths were caused by maternal infection (72.9%); 5.2% were caused by postpartum haemorrhage. Conclusion. - Our results illustrate the tremendous impact on maternal and neonatal outcome of advances in obstetrical management. The significant increase in the median foetal birth weight is likely to be related to wide changes in environmental conditions and behaviour
Evaluation of the auricular surface method for non-adult sex estimation on the Lisbon documented collection
Objectives: Sex is usually not estimated in skeletonized non-adult individuals because sexual dimorphism is considered minimal before puberty. In 2017, a new approach based on the shape of the auricular surface was proposed, showing that this anatomic area of the ilium is dimorphic. This study tests the reproducibility and evaluates the accuracy of the method in a bigger sample. Materials and Methods: Thirty males and 31 females from the Lisbon Collection (1 dayâ18âyears old) were analyzed by two researchers, one experienced, and the other without previous knowledge of the method. The sample was divided into three groups according to prepubertal and pubertal hormonal peaks (â0.92; K >â0.74). Morphological features provide better results than the metrics (DE/AD = 77.05%; FI/CF = 73.77%; OM = 80.33%; MRS = 85.24%). The discriminant function correctly classified 86.66% of the males and the logistic regression, 83.33%. The method was equally reliable in 0â12 and 13â18âyears-old age groups and more accurate in males. The accuracy of most of the variables reached 100% for males under 2âyears-old, and the probabilities were higher than for older individuals. The percentages of correct estimations are not influenced by the age, year, and cause of death. Discussion Despite the relatively small sample size, this study confirms the usefulness of the auricular surface for non-adult sexual estimation, especially for those younger than 2âyears old. Additional validation tests in documented individuals from other geographic regions are suggested.Fil: Monge Calleja, Ălvaro M.. Universidad de Coimbra; PortugalFil: Aranda, Claudia Marcela. Universidad de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Santos, Ana LuĂsa. Universidad de Coimbra; PortugalFil: Luna, Leandro Hernan. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de FilosofĂa y Letras. Museo EtnogrĂĄfico "Juan B. Ambrosetti"; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Saavedra 15. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Historia y Ciencias Humanas; Argentin
Evaluation of the auricular surface method for nonâadult sex estimation on the Lisbon documented collection
Age assessment in unaccompanied minors: assessing uniformity of protocols across Europe.
Age assessment of migrants is crucial, particularly for unaccompanied foreign minors, a population facing legal, social, and humanitarian challenges. Despite existing guidelines, there is no unified protocol in Europe for age assessment.The Forensic Anthropology Society of Europe (FASE) conducted a comprehensive questionnaire to understand age estimation practices in Europe. The questionnaire had sections focusing on the professional background of respondents, annual assessment numbers, requesting parties and reasons, types of examinations conducted (e.g., physical, radiological), followed protocols, age estimation methods, and questions on how age estimates are reported.The questionnaire's findings reveal extensive engagement of the forensic community in age assessment in the living, emphasizing multidisciplinary approaches. However, there seems to be an incomplete appreciation of AGFAD guidelines. Commonalities exist in examination methodologies and imaging tests. However, discrepancies emerged among respondents regarding sexual maturity assessment and reporting assessment results. Given the increasing importance of age assessment, especially for migrant child protection, the study stresses the need for a unified protocol across European countries. This can only be achieved if EU Member States wholeheartedly embrace the fundamental principles outlined in EU Directives and conduct medical age assessments aligned with recognized standards such as the AGFAD guidelines
Lumbosacral lordosis in fetal spine: genetic or mechanic parameter
Many believe that the fetus spine had only one curvature from cranial to caudal which is a global kyphosis and that the lumbosacral lordosis appears with the erect posture. They agree that the sacrum of Homo sapiens is not positioned posteriorly at birth and that it is during the first few years that the sacrum, in humans, moves dorsally in relation with the progressive acquisition of erect posture and the ontogeny of bipedal locomotion. Nevertheless, there is no biometric study assessing these parameters in vivo in utero during the fetal life. Cross-sectional biometric study of the lumbosacral junction of the spine in in utero fetuses was to document the presence of a lumbosacral lordosis in the fetal population in utero long before standing and walking and its change during growth. Forty-five MRIs (magnetic resonance imaging) of fetuses aged of 23â40Â weeks of gestation were analyzed. The measurements were performed on computerized MRI DICOM images using a professional software to calculate the curvature and radius of the lumbosacral junction. The presence or absence of visual lumbosacral lordosis was noted for each case. Correlation tests were performed in order to disclose a correlation between the gestational age and the curvature calculated. A test was considered significant for PÂ <Â 0.01. There were 14 males, 17 females and 14 undetermined. All the curves (100%) showed mathematically the presence of a lordosis in the lumbosacral region. The visual lumbosacral lordosis was present in 60% of cases. The measurement of the lumbosacral curvature varies between â0.133 and â0.033Â mmâ1 and a mean of â0.054Â mmâ1 with a corresponding radius ranging from â7 to â303Â mm with a mean of â18.7Â mm. The statistical analysis showed no correlation between the gestational age and the lumbosacral curvature (R2Â =Â 0.11). The hypothesis of increased lumbosacral lordosis with gestational age is rejected. It is difficult to accurately determine the role played separately by genetics and by erect posture. A visual lumbosacral lordosis was noted in 60% of cases with mean radius of â18.6691Â mm. This lordosis was not correlated statistically to gestational age which means that it is not related to growth and might be genetically determined. Mechanical factors may play a major role in the determination of the shape of the growing pelvis. One can ask if the pelvis morphology is genetically determined or if it is mechanically determined under muscular and ligamentous stresses. This study shows that the sacrum of human fetuses is oriented posteriorly mathematically in 100% of cases, and in 60% of cases based on the morphologic appearance of the lumbosacral junction. So beside the effect of progressive acquisition of erect posture and bipedalism in determining the formation of lumbosacral angle, we believe that genetics play an important role in the formation of the lumbosacral angle