Adaptación del modelo leader en el territorio huejotzingo, puebla: una nueva propuesta de desarrollo rural local

Free people association constructed from button to above to get better conditions of people using local resources, are among others, elements of local development. LEADER (Liaisons HQWUH DFWLYLWpV GH 'HYHORSHPHQW GH /¶(FRQRPLH 5XUDO) is the Europe Union model of rural development. The LEADER method is conformed in seven features which are factors of success in the approach of applying in different territories . The actions held in the municipal council of rural development of San Andres C a l p a n during 2010 showed some elements of LEADER for it´s adjustment: 1).- territory definition , 2).- local association , 3).- financing. It´s used a methodology consists of reviewing documents about the financing and association in the territory studied, survey applying t define the model of agricultural production and development along with mayors of different municipalities, the economical and social actors. The definition performance field with territory integration of citizen councils as groups of local action and a financing strategy are part of the results of this process of adapting in this territor

Evaluación de diferentes arreglos en el sistema de siembra maíz-frijol en el oriente antioqueño

The purpose of this research was to study the net income in the maize - bean, cropping system of eleven arrangement in the oriente antioqueño colombiano, during 1979. The investigation was conducted at Regional Research Center "La Seiva", located in a Colombian cold moderate climate at 2.040 m.s.n.m. with rainfall of 1.500 mm and average temperature of 180 C. The bean genotipes used were ICA Viboral (Climbing habit IV) and Diacol Catio (Stem habit 1) and the corn synthetic variety ICA V 402. A randomized complete block design with three repetition was used. The plots consisted of five rows of 10 meters length for harvesting the three central rows to be harvested. Data of grain yield were taken (kg/ha) to estimate the net income based on selling prices of products at harvest time (corn SCol 14 kg; stem habit I bean SCol 38 and 34 kg and the climbing bean SCol 73 and 67 for similar semester) and the cost by hectare (labor and supplies) for each of the arrangement in the study. The results showed that from the point of view of genetic improvement and the agricultural practices for the cropping system maize-bean it is admisable to study the following arrangements: maize in relay intercropping with climbing beam maize row intercropping with stem habit 1 bean in relay intercropping with climbing habit IV bean and row intercropping with stem habit I bean; monoculture climbing habit IV bean; associated and in relay intercropping maize with climbing habit IV bean and maize row intercropping with stem habit I and in relay intercropping with climbing habit IV bean. Futhemore, it is not recomended, in the cropping system maize-bean, to use the maximum amount of harvests per year (five), due to the relative low incomes and the difficulty to manage the crop, specially pests and diseases control.El trabajo tuvo como objetivos estudiar Ia rentabilidad on el sistema de siembra maiz/frijol, de once arreglos en Ia zona del oriente antioqueflo, durante 1979. La investigación se realizó en el Centro Regional de investigación - (CR1) "La Selva", localizado en el municipio de Rionegro (Antioquia), Colombia, a 2.040 m.s.n.m., precipitación promedia anual de 1.500 mm y temperatura media de 18° C; condiciones éstas, del clima frío moderado colombiano. En frijol se usaron las variedades mejoradas ICA Viboral (voluble) y Diacol Catío (arbustivo) y en maíz, Ia variedad amarilla de textura fina, ICA V 402. Se empleó el diseño estadístico de bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones; parcelas de 5 surcos con 10 metros de longitud por surco (45 m2), para cosechar las plantas de los tres surcos centrales (27 m2). Se tomó el dato de producción (kg/ha) para estimar el ingreso neto con base en los precios de venta de los productos a Ia cosecha (maíz a $14 kilo, frijol arbustivo a$38 y $34 kilo para el semestre A y B y fríjol voluble a$73 y $67 kilo para los mismos semestres) y a los costos por hectárea (mano de obra e insumos) para cada uno de los arreglos del estudio. Los resultados mostraron que el sistema más rentable fue maíz en relevo con frijol voluble, el cual desde el punto de vista del mejoramiento genético y de las prácticas agronómicas del cultivo, se debe trabajar en el sistema maíz y frijol, con los arreglos maíz = frijol voluble (sistema más rentable del estudio); maíz // frijol arbustivo = voluble // fríjol arbustivo; frijol voluble (0); maíz x fríjol voluble = fríjol voluble y maíz // fríjol arbustivo =frijol voluble. Además, no parece aconsejable en el sistema maíz y fríjol, el máximo número de cosechas al año (cinco), por los relativos bajos ingresos y Ia dificultad de manejo del arreglo, especialmente en el control de plagas y enfermedades.Maíz-Zea may

The Use of Urban Wastewater for the Colorado River Delta Restoration

AbstractThe environmental changes due to the Colorado River damming, have affected the ecological functioning of the nursery river delta and consequently the population of fishermen that live of the natural marine resources of the upper Gulf of California. We propose the use of urban wastewaters as a source of nutrients to fertilize the estuary, increase the primary productivity and therefore increase the population size of the estuarine dependent species, which are important for the fisheries in the region. In this way, we could partially restore the delta's ecological functioning and thus solve environmental, social, and economic problems. With a wastewater flow of 800 l·s-1 from “Las Arenitas” treatment plant, we could increase the primary organic productivity and ~1000 metric tons (mT) of shrimp landings of the region. These calculations are just for one fishery, but in a magnitude that could also increase in others

Simple Tuning Rules for Feedforward Compensators Applied to Greenhouse Daytime Temperature Control Using Natural Ventilation

In this work, simple tuning rules for feedforward compensators were applied to design a control strategy to regulate the inside air temperature of a greenhouse during daytime by means of a natural ventilation system. The developed control strategy is based on a PI (Proportional-Integral) controller combined with feedforward compensators to improve the performance against measurable external disturbances such as outside air temperature, solar radiation, and wind velocity. Since the greenhouse process dynamics is very complex and physical non-linear models are mathematically complicated, a system identification methodology was proposed to obtain simpler models (high-order polynomial and low-order transfer functions). Thus, an easier procedure was completed to tune the PI controller parameters and to obtain the feedforward compensators expressions by following a series of modern and simple tuning rules. Simulations with real data were executed to compare the control performance of a PI controller with or without the addition of feedforward compensators. Moreover, real tests for the developed control strategy were carried out in an experimental greenhouse. Results demonstrate an enhanced control performance with the presence of the feedforward compensators under different weather condition

Determinación de los efectos tóxicos agudos producidos por el extracto alcohólico de Bidens pilosa Linné In vivo en un grupo de ratones de 7 a 10 semanas de edad

In this work, the acute toxic effects induced by the alcoholic extract of Bidens pilosa Linné were evaluated in vivo in a line of Balb/c mice from 7 to 10 weeks of age, of both sexes, as biomodels for the acute toxic effect and Micronucleus Test. . Five experimental groups were formed, these groups were administered orally (gavage) the extract of Bidens pilosa at different concentrations for each one (500, 2500, 5000, 7500 and 10000 mg L-1). The remaining two groups were used as controls (negative/positive), the positive control mice were given Colchicine and all groups were observed and analyzed for 15 days. Subsequently, the mice were sacrificed to obtain blood samples, with which peripheral blood smears were made and the femur was surgically removed from each one for the bone marrow smear. The smears were stained with Giemsa stain and Giordano Buffer. The bone marrow of the mice inoculated with the Bidens pilosa extract was stimulated from 7500 mg L-1. From this concentration, erythrocyte inclusions compatible with Howell Jolly bodies began to be observed in peripheral blood, in addition to the presence of satellite micronuclei caused by the fragmentation of the nucleus and the subsequent interruption of the cell cycle. Mice inoculated at a concentration of 10,000 mg L-1 suffered more severe damage, which was evident both in the peripheral blood smear and in the bone marrow smear. Therefore, it can be inferred that this extract has substances of an antioxidant nature which will help reduce the formation of free radicals, which has been proven in humans to minimize inflammatory events. This giving rise to future research in the development of pharmaceutical products.En este trabajo se evaluaron los efectos tóxicos agudos inducidos por el extracto alcohólico de Bidens pilosa Linné in vivo en una línea de ratones Balb/c de 7 a 10 semanas de edad, de ambos sexos, como biomodelos al efecto tóxico agudo y Test de Micronúcleos.  Se formaron cinco grupos experimentales, a estos grupos se les administró por vía oral (sonda) el extracto de Bidens pilosa a diferentes concentraciones por cada uno (500, 2500, 5000, 7500 y 10000 mg L-1). Los dos grupos restantes fueron utilizados como controles (negativo/positivo), a los ratones control positivo se les suministró Colchicina y todos los grupos fueron observados y analizados durante 15 días. Posteriormente, los ratones fueron sacrificados para obtener muestras sanguíneas con lo que se realizaron los extendidos de sangre periférica y se extrajo quirúrgicamente el fémur de cada uno para el frotis de médula ósea. Los extendidos fueron coloreados con tinción Giemsa y Buffer Giordano. La médula ósea de los ratones inoculados con el extracto de Bidens pilosa fue estimulada a partir de 7500 mg L-1. A partir de dicha concentración, se empezaron a observar inclusiones eritrocitarias compatibles con cuerpos de Howell Jolly en sangre periférica, además de presencia de micronúcleos satélites causados por la fragmentación del núcleo y la posterior interrupción del ciclo celular. Los ratones inoculados en concentración de 10000 mg L-1 sufrieron daños más severos los cuales fueron notorios tanto en el extendido de sangre periférica como en el de médula ósea. Por lo tanto, se puede inferir que este extracto cuenta con sustancias de naturaleza antioxidante los cuales van a ayudar a la disminución de la formación de radicales libres con lo cual se ha probado en humanos que minimizan eventos inflamatorios. Esto dando origen a futuras investigaciones en el desarrollo de productos farmacéuticos

Planning and community development: case studies

Planning and Comunity Development: Case Studies, presents the findings of the inter-university Seminar held on 28?29 July 2011 and organized by researchers from the Technical University of Madrid and the University of California, Berkeley, who were fortunate to have the presence of the renowned Professor John Friedmann. Professors, researchers and PhD students from our research groups presented their works as scientific communications that were enriched by the debate among the different researches who attended the Seminar. All of them appear in the picture below in front of the gate of Haviland Hall at UC Berkeley. This book analyses the concept of planning and its evolution so far, leading to the conceptualization of governance as an expression of the planning practice. It also studies the role of social capital and cooperation as tools for the community development. The conceptual analysis is complemented by the development of six case studies that put forward experiences of planning and community development carried out in diverse social and cultural contexts of Latin-America, Europe and North America. This publication comes after more than 20 years of work of the researchers that met at the seminar. Through their work in managing development initiatives, they have learned lessons and have contribute to shape their own body of teaching that develops and analyses the role of planning in public domain to promote community development. This knowledge is synthesized in the model Planning as Working With People, that shows that development is not effective unless is promoted in continuous collaboration with all the actors involved in the process

Nitrogen and Phosphorous Retention in Tropical Eutrophic Reservoirs with Water Level Fluctuations: A Case Study Using Mass Balances on a Long-Term Series

Nitrogen and phosphorous loading drives eutrophication of aquatic systems. Lakes and reservoirs are often effective N and P sinks, but the variability of their biogeochemical dynamics is still poorly documented, particularly in tropical systems. To contribute to the extending of information on tropical reservoirs and to increase the insight on the factors affecting N and P cycling in aquatic ecosystems, we here report on a long-term N and P mass balance (2003–2018) in Valle de Bravo, Mexico, which showed that this tropical eutrophic reservoir lake acts as a net sink of N (−41.7 g N m y) and P (−2.7 g P m y), mainly occurring through net sedimentation, equivalent to 181% and 68% of their respective loading (23.0 g N m y and 4.2 g P m y). The N mass balance also showed that the Valle de Bravo reservoir has a high net N atmospheric influx (31.6 g N m y), which was 1.3 times the external load and likely dominated by N fixation. P flux was driven mainly by external load, while in the case of N, net fixation also contributed. During a period of high water level fluctuations, the net N atmospheric flux decreased by 50% compared to high level years. Our results outlining water regulation can be used as a useful management tool of water bodies, by decreasing anoxic conditions and net atmospheric fluxes, either through decreasing nitrogen fixation and/or promoting denitrification and other microbial processes that alleviate the N load. These findings also sustain the usefulness of long-term mass balances to assess biogeochemical dynamics and its variability.This research was funded by UNAM, PAPIIT-IN207702 and CONACYT-SEMARNAT, C01-1125 projects to M.M-

Effectiveness of Thrombectomy in Stroke According to Baseline Prognostic Factors: Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Analysis of a Population-Based Registry

Background and Purpose In real-world practice, the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is uncertain in stroke patients with very favorable or poor prognostic profiles at baseline. We studied the effectiveness of MT versus medical treatment stratifying by different baseline prognostic factors. Methods Retrospective analysis of 2,588 patients with an ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion nested in the population-based registry of stroke code activations in Catalonia from January 2017 to June 2019. The effect of MT on good functional outcome (modified Rankin Score 85 years, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] >25, time from onset >6 hours, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score 3), good (if NIHSS <6 or distal occlusion, in the absence of poor prognostic factors), or reference (not meeting other groups' criteria). Results Patients receiving MT (n=1,996, 77%) were younger, had less pre-stroke disability, and received systemic thrombolysis less frequently. These differences were balanced after the IPTW stratified by prognosis. MT was associated with good functional outcome in the reference (odds ratio [OR], 2.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0 to 4.4), and especially in the poor baseline prognostic stratum (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 2.6 to 5.9), but not in the good prognostic stratum. MT was associated with survival only in the poor prognostic stratum (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 2.0 to 3.3). Conclusions Despite their worse overall outcomes, the impact of thrombectomy over medical management was more substantial in patients with poorer baseline prognostic factors than patients with good prognostic factors

The CAPN10 Gene Is Associated with Insulin Resistance Phenotypes in the Spanish Population

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the industrialized world. Familial aggregation of cardiovascular risk factors is a frequent finding, but genetic factors affecting its presentation are still poorly understood. The calpain 10 gene (CAPN10) has been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a complex metabolic disorder with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, the CAPN10 gene has been associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in T2DM and in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In this work, we have analysed whether the polymorphisms UCSNP44, -43, -19 and -63 are related to several cardiovascular risk factors in the context of MS. Molecular analysis of CAPN10 gene was performed in 899 individuals randomly chosen from a cross-sectional population-based epidemiological survey. We have found that CAPN10 gene in our population is mainly associated with two indicators of the presence of insulin resistance: glucose levels two hours after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and HOMA values, although cholesterol levels and blood pressure values are also influenced by CAPN10 variants. In addition, the 1221/1121 haplogenotype is under-represented in individuals that fulfil the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) diagnostic criteria for MS. Our results suggest that CAPN10 gene is associated with insulin resistance phenotypes in the Spanish population