Set Configuration as a Modulator of Neuromuscular Fatigue

[Resumo] A configuración da serie (SC) é clave no manexo da fatiga muscular. Esta tese presenta tres estudos que exploraron a interacción entre a SC e os sistemas neuromuscular, cardiovascular, perceptivo e sensoriomotor ao exercicio de forza. Nun primeiro estudio, o tempo ata o fallo (TTF) ao 50% da forza máxima seleccionouse como paradigma configurando as series de forma tradicional (80% TTF) e clúster (20% TTF) durante 4 e 16 series respectivamente cun tempo total de descanso de 9 minutos para distribuír entre series. Un segundo estudo para abrir os parámetros sensoriomotores aferentes da extremidade inferior. Finalmente, realizouse un terceiro para corroborar os resultados do primeiro e para explorar a integración sensoriomotora no campo da fatiga do exercicio proporcionado pola SC. Os resultados mostraron unha resposta xeral de menor fatiga para o clúster como indica a menor perdida de forza, fatiga cortico-espinal e menor estrés cardiovascular acompañado dunha menor percepción de esforzo. Atopáronse fortes correlacións entre as respostas cardiovasculares e centrais. A integración sensoriomotora está presente no cuádriceps e a inhibición aferente longa e corta é sensible á fatiga durante o exercicio de forza.[Resumen] La configuración de la serie (SC) es clave en el manejo de la fatiga muscular. Esta tesis presenta tres estudios que exploraron la interacción entre la SC y los sistemas neuromuscular, cardiovascular, perceptivo y sensoriomotor al ejercicio de fuerza. En un primer estudio, el tiempo hasta el fallo (TTF) al 50% de la fuerza máxima se seleccionó como paradigma configurando las series de forma tradicional (80% TTF) y clúster (20% TTF) durante 4 y 16 series respectivamente con un tiempo total de descanso de 9 minutos para distribuir entre series. Un segundo estudio para obruvo los parámetros sensoriomotores aferentes de la extremidad inferior. Finalmente, se realizó un tercero para corroborar los resultados del primero y para explorar la integración sensoriomotora en el campo de la fatiga del ejercicio proporcionada por la SC. Los resultados mostraron una respuesta general de menor fatiga para el clúster como indica la menor pérdida de fuerza, fatiga cortico-espinal y menor estés cardiovascular acompañado de una menor percepción de esfuerzo. Fueron encontradas fuertes correlaciones entre las respuestas cardiovascular y central. La integración sensoriomotora está presente en el cuádriceps y la inhibición aferente larga y corta es sensible a la fatiga durante el ejercicio de fuerza

Handball training and competition with facemasks in Galicia: the FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO protocols experience

[Abstract]: Objective: COVID-19 caused a complete stop in non-professional sports. The use of face masks for team sports is not a widely used measure in non-professional sports. The study aimed to evaluate the perception about using the mask and the adaptation difficulties related to training and competition in team sports following the FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO protocol. Methods: Seven hundred eighty-seven handball players from the Galician Handball Federation were followed during their return to participation after months of confinement through an electronic questionnaire of perception and experience on the use of a mask. Results: There is an excellent adaptation to the mask in training and competition with medium and high correlations. The 86,41% of players reported an adaptation to the mask in 3 weeks with a three times a week training frequency. The negative opinion on the mask was drastically reduced (-66.86%) after use. The 80,44%of players considered the use of a mask as an essential measure to resume competitions. Conclusions: It is very feasible to adapt to training and compete with amask (hygienic or surgical) in a short period. The use of a mask following these protocols changed previous opinions on the disadvantages of the mask during training and competition

Are internal focuses really useful? A replication study in Basketball

To evaluate the external vs. internal focus during free basketball shots in non-basketball players. For this analysis 49 subjects participated in one baseline and one experimental session. During the baseline session all the participants performed 20 free basketball shots without instructions (Non-Instructions). During the experimental session participants were randomly allocated to one group: Dominant-Group, which performed the free basketball shots with the dominant hand; or a Non-dominant Group, which performed the shots with the non-dominant hand. Both groups performed 20 throws under internal and external focus of attention conditions. In the Dominant-Group internal focus of attention resulted in a higher number of successful shots compared with the external focus condition. Our study does not support previous findings and shows that external focus of attention impairs the performance of free basketball shots with the dominant hand in comparison with internal focus and ¨no instructions¨ conditions, in non-basketball players

Reactivation of Spanish Active Tourism Activities to the ‘New Normality’ Situation COVID-19: Documentary Analysis on Its Regulation, Recommendations, Proposals, and Protocols

[Resumen] Tras los efectos de la pandemia de la COVID-19, la reactivación del turismo activo (TA) ante la “nueva normalidad” afronta un reto de adaptación para el desarrollo de sus actividades al tener que regular y establecer medidas de protección ante el contagio. Se realiza una revisión y análisis documental sobre las fuentes legislativas, institucionales y de entidades del sector del TA en el marco español. El proceso de reincorporación implica la adopción de estrategias que afectan al número y tipo de participantes, la distancia interpersonal, gestión de espacios, desinfección, barreras de protección, el diseño de actividades y guiado de clientes. En su elaboración se consideran procesos sinérgicos y de consenso entre las diferentes entidades relacionadas, adoptando el reajuste del mercado, promoción y gestión operativa de las actividades; generando además regulaciones, recomendaciones y nuevas metodologías para el diseño de protocolos y planes de contingencia ante la gran heterogeneidad de escenarios. Palabras clave: turismo activo; turismo de aventura, análisis documental, reactivación, protección, COVID-19[Abstract] In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the active tourism sector is facing a huge challenge to adapt its activities to comply with a host of new regulations and protection measures against the spread of the virus. This study consists of a documentary review and analysis of the legislative, institutional and sectoral regulations, recommendations, proposals and protocols introduced to deal with the situation in Spain. The reactivation of the sector requires new measures to avoid infection, including restrictions on the number and type of participants, interpersonal distance, space management, disinfection, protection barriers, modification of activities and customer guidance. Revival strategies include the promotion of synergies and consensus between the different bodies affected by the crisis to agree measures for the promotion, market readjustment and operational management of tourism activities, together with regulations, recommendations and methodologies for the design of protocols and contingency plans to deal with a multitude of possible scenarios

Identification Tool for Potential Infectious Situations in Sport: FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO (Xunta de Galicia)

[Resumen] Este trabajo detalla la creación, desarrollo e integración de la herramienta FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO. Su principal objetivo es detectar situaciones de potencial contagio de la COVID-19 en el deporte, así como proponer medidas de contingencia intentando reducir el riesgo residual al mínimo. En el presente artículo se describe el funcionamiento de la misma dentro del sistema deportivo de la comunidad autónoma de Galicia, conformado alrededor de 300 especialidades deportivas en 58 federaciones autonómicas colaborando con la Secretaría Xeral para o Deporte. Se trata de una herramienta que lleva implícito un proceso metodológico y educativo con todos los agentes del sistema deportivo para identificar el gran número de interacciones que se dan en la acción deportiva y todo lo que la rodea en el entrenamiento, la competición y su organización.[Abstract] This work details the creation, development and integration of the FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO tool. Its main objective is to detect situations of potential contagion of COVID-19 in sport, as well as to propose contingency measures trying to reduce residual risk to a minimum. This article describes the operation of the tool within the sports system of the autonomous community of Galicia, made up of 300 sports specialties in 58 regional federations collaborating with the regional sports administration (Secretaría Xeral para o Deporte, Xunta de Galicia). It is a tool that implies a methodological and educational process with all the agents of the sports system to identify the large number of interactions that occur in sports action and everything that surrounds it in training, competition and its organization

Set Configuration in Resistance Exercise: Muscle Fatigue and Cardiovascular Effects

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>Cardiovascular responses of traditional resistance (TS) training have been extensively explored. However, the fatigue mechanisms associated with an intra-set rest configuration (ISR) have not been investigated. This study compares two modalities of set configurations for resistance exercise that equates work to rest ratios and measures the central and peripheral fatigue in combination with cortical, hemodynamic and cardiovascular measures.</p><p>Methods</p><p>11 subjects performed two isometric knee extension training sessions using TS and ISR configurations. Voluntary activation (VA), single twitch amplitude, low frequency fatigue (LFF), Mwave, motor evoked potential (MEP), short intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF) and heart rate variability were evaluated before and after each training session. During each session beat to beat heart rate, blood pressure and rate pressure product (RPP) were also evaluated.</p><p>Results</p><p>After exercise VA decreased significantly for TS but not for ISR (P < 0.001), single twitch amplitude and LFF values were lower for TS than ISR (P < 0.004), and SICI was reduced only for the TS configuration (P = 0.049). During exercise RPP values were significantly higher for the TS than for ISR (P = 0.001). RPP correlated with VA for TS (r = -.85 P < 0.001) suggesting a relationship between central fatigue and cardiovascular stress.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>We conclude that ISR induced lower central and peripheral fatigue as well as lower cardiovascular stress in comparison with TS configuration. Our study suggests that set configuration is a key factor in the regulation of the neuromuscular and cardiovascular responses of resistance training.</p></div

Startle auditory stimuli enhance the performance of fast dynamic contractions.

Fast reaction times and the ability to develop a high rate of force development (RFD) are crucial for sports performance. However, little is known regarding the relationship between these parameters. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of auditory stimuli of different intensities on the performance of a concentric bench-press exercise. Concentric bench-presses were performed by thirteen trained subjects in response to three different conditions: a visual stimulus (VS); a visual stimulus accompanied by a non-startle auditory stimulus (AS); and a visual stimulus accompanied by a startle auditory stimulus (SS). Peak RFD, peak velocity, onset movement, movement duration and electromyography from pectoralis and tricep muscles were recorded. The SS condition induced an increase in the RFD and peak velocity and a reduction in the movement onset and duration, in comparison with the VS and AS condition. The onset activation of the pectoralis and tricep muscles was shorter for the SS than for the VS and AS conditions. These findings point out to specific enhancement effects of loud auditory stimulation on the rate of force development. This is of relevance since startle stimuli could be used to explore neural adaptations to resistance training

Schematic representation of the experimental protocol.

<p>(a) time line of measurements. (b) the training protocols performed in each session,. Each protocol (TS/ISR) utilized the same intensity, total muscle contraction and rest time.</p

Set Configuration in Resistance Exercise: Muscle Fatigue and Cardiovascular Effects - Fig 2

<p>Changes in maximal voluntary contraction (a), voluntary activation (b), single twitch (c), low frequency fatigue (d) after the performance of traditional set (black circles) and intra set rest configuration (white squares). Mean and SD values are displayed. *Significant differences between set configurations. #Significant differences between with PRE and POST values.</p

Mean, SD and P value of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity before and after exercise.

<p>Mean, SD and P value of heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity before and after exercise.</p