Comparative Study of Image Denoise Algorithms

Denoising is a pre-processing step in digital image processing system. It is also typical image processing challenges. Many works proposed to solve problem with new approaching. They can be divided into two main categories: spatial-based or transform-based. Some denoising methods apply in both spatial and transform domains. The goal of this paper focuses on reviewing denoise methods, classifying them into different categories, and identifying new trends. Moreover, we do experiments to compare pros, cons of methods in survey

Effects of protein levels of commercial diets on the growth performance and survival rate of rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) at the nursing stage

This study aimed to determine the effect of a commercial diet's protein level on the fry-to-fingerling stage. Thirty days-old fries having the initial length and weight of 18.25 ± 0.15 mm fish-1 and 0.036 ± 0.50 g fish-1 respectively have been used in this study. Diet having three protein levels i.e. 30% (trial 1 as control), 35% (trial 2), 40% (trial 3), and 45% (trial 4), respectively, have been used to evaluate the effect of protein, and each trial has been repeated three times. During the study, stocking density was allocated to 1000 fish per composite tank with a volume of 1 m3. After 30 days of rearing, the weight of fingerlings in trial 1 reached up to 1.50 ± 0.02 g fish-1 and it was recorded as 1.52 ± 0.01g for trial 2, these two were lower than that of trials 3 and 4, where fingerling weight was reported 1.69 ± 0.01 and 1.58g fish-1 respectively and obtained the best weight compared to others. The length of fingerlings at the end of the experimental period was also changed in different trials and it was recorded 47.12; 46.92; 50.97; and 48.89 mm fish-1 for trail 1, 2, 3, and 4 respectively, among the tested combinations lower fingerlings length was recorded for trial 2 (35% CP), but it is not significantly different for trial 1 and 2 and a significant difference (P < 0.05) was reported for trail 2, 3, and 4. The survival rate of fingerlings ranged from 67.27 to 72.33%. Meanwhile, the herd distribution coefficient variation (CVW) in the treatment using 40% protein (trial 3) was the highest at 72.33% (p < 0.05). The results of the study can be concluded that the level of protein has a significant effect on the various growth parameters of fingerlings

Development of a diagnostic scar marker for Vibrio shilonii caused acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in whiteleg shrimp

Background: In a previous report, we showed that Vibrio shilonii was found on whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam. This study was performed to develop a diagnostic molecular marker generated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for V. shilonii rapid detection.Methods: Pathogen Vibrio spp. were isolated from shrimps and fishes, and were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. Genetic diversity of Vibrio strains was analysis by RAPD technique. Specific PCR product for V. shilonii was cloned and sequenced. SCAR marker was developed from specific PCR product.Result: Twenty random primers were evaluated for RAPD to identify DNA polymorphisms between Vibrio species. The random primer OPN-06 generated a 468-bp DNA fragment specific for V. shilonii. This was then converted into a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker designated N6-441.Conclusion: Specific primers (Vshi-441F/Vshi-441R) amplified a unique DNA fragment in all V. shilonii isolates but not in the other Vibrio spp. This PCR assay showed significantly sensitive to the target DNA and reliably for the amplification the V. shilonii genome.Keywords: AHPND; RAPD; SCAR; Vibrio shilonii; Vietna

THÀNH PHẦN LOÀI VÀ SINH KHỐI CỎ BIỂN TẠI ĐẦM SAM CHUỒN VÀ HÀ TRUNG, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

This research was conducted at Sam Chuon and Ha Trung lagoons, Thua Thien Hue province. The research has identified 5 seagrass species including Halophila beccarii, Zostera japonica, Halodule pinifolia, Halodule uninervis and Ruppia maritima in Sam Chuon and Ha Trung lagoons. The total biomass of seagrass fluctuates seasonally. In the dry season, the total biomass of seagrass at research station S6 is highest at 136.23 g/m2 and lowest at research stations H7 and H8 at 0.64 g/m2. In the rainy season, sampling station S6 also recorded the highest total biomass with a value of 113.20 g/m2, the lowest at two stations H7 and H8 with 0.64 g/m2. Halodule uninervis and Ruppia maritima are the dominant species, which appeared in 11/14 stations in total. While Ruppia maritima is only recognized at 3/14 stations in total.Nghiên cứu này được tiến hành khảo sát tại đầm Sam Chuồn và Hà Trung thuộc hệ đầm phá Tam Giang - Cầu Hai, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Nghiên cứu đã xác định được năm loài cỏ biển là Halophila beccarii (cỏ Nàn), Zostera japonica (cỏ Lươn nhật), Halodule pinifolia (cỏ Hẹ tròn), Halodule uninervis (cỏ Hẹ ba răng) và loài Ruppia maritima (cỏ Kim biển) phân bố tại đầm Sam Chuồn và Hà Trung. Tổng sinh khối của cỏ biển có sự biến động theo mùa. Vào mùa khô, tổng sinh khối của cỏ biển tại trạm nghiên cứu S6 cao nhất với 136,23 g/m2 và thấp nhất tại trạm nghiên cứu H7 và H8 với 0,64 g/m2. Vào mùa mưa tại trạm thu mẫu S6 cũng ghi nhận tổng sinh khối của cỏ biển cao nhất với giá trị đạt được 113,20 g/m2, thấp nhất tại hai trạm nghiên cứu H7 và H8 với 0,64 g/m2. Loài Halodule uninervis (cỏ Hẹ ba răng) chiếm ưu thế hơn cả với sự ghi nhận tại 11/14 trạm thu mẫu. Và loài Ruppia maritima (cỏ Kim biển) chỉ ghi nhận xuất hiện tại 3/14 trạm thu mẫu

Bringing social and cultural considerations into environmental management for vulnerable coastal communities: Responses to environmental change in Xuan Thuy National Park, Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam

This paper elaborates the importance of considering social and cultural factors within management responses to environmental change in coastal areas. The case study taken is Xuan Thuy National Park in Nam Dinh Province, Vietnam. This is a marginalised coastal area where rising sea levels, increasing storm surges and saltwater intrusion place pressure on coastal ecosystems, yet where communities continue to rely on these same ecosystems for agriculture- and aquaculture-related livelihoods. We interview stakeholders in Xuan Thuy National Park, connecting these with a narrative review of existing research into social and environmental change in the park to understand research gaps and challenges for vulnerable coastal areas like the Nam Dinh coast. Based on our findings, we suggest that whilst the effects of a changing environment on physical health and economic activity are increasingly well understood, effects on wellbeing and social relations can be even more immediate and profound in daily living. In turn, we argue environmental management has a crucial role to play not only for ecosystem-based adaptation, but also in sustaining wellbeing and allowing culturally meaningful practices to continue – especially in coastal regions where changes can be even more intense and immediate. However, we caution that whilst techno-scientific solutions grounded in environmental management do have significant potential in reducing impacts of extreme events and slower-onset environmental changes, they must not divert attention away from structural issues that can make some people or areas more vulnerable in the first instance

Safety and efficacy of fluoxetine on functional outcome after acute stroke (AFFINITY): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Background Trials of fluoxetine for recovery after stroke report conflicting results. The Assessment oF FluoxetINe In sTroke recoverY (AFFINITY) trial aimed to show if daily oral fluoxetine for 6 months after stroke improves functional outcome in an ethnically diverse population. Methods AFFINITY was a randomised, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial done in 43 hospital stroke units in Australia (n=29), New Zealand (four), and Vietnam (ten). Eligible patients were adults (aged ≥18 years) with a clinical diagnosis of acute stroke in the previous 2–15 days, brain imaging consistent with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, and a persisting neurological deficit that produced a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 1 or more. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 via a web-based system using a minimisation algorithm to once daily, oral fluoxetine 20 mg capsules or matching placebo for 6 months. Patients, carers, investigators, and outcome assessors were masked to the treatment allocation. The primary outcome was functional status, measured by the mRS, at 6 months. The primary analysis was an ordinal logistic regression of the mRS at 6 months, adjusted for minimisation variables. Primary and safety analyses were done according to the patient's treatment allocation. The trial is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12611000774921. Findings Between Jan 11, 2013, and June 30, 2019, 1280 patients were recruited in Australia (n=532), New Zealand (n=42), and Vietnam (n=706), of whom 642 were randomly assigned to fluoxetine and 638 were randomly assigned to placebo. Mean duration of trial treatment was 167 days (SD 48·1). At 6 months, mRS data were available in 624 (97%) patients in the fluoxetine group and 632 (99%) in the placebo group. The distribution of mRS categories was similar in the fluoxetine and placebo groups (adjusted common odds ratio 0·94, 95% CI 0·76–1·15; p=0·53). Compared with patients in the placebo group, patients in the fluoxetine group had more falls (20 [3%] vs seven [1%]; p=0·018), bone fractures (19 [3%] vs six [1%]; p=0·014), and epileptic seizures (ten [2%] vs two [<1%]; p=0·038) at 6 months. Interpretation Oral fluoxetine 20 mg daily for 6 months after acute stroke did not improve functional outcome and increased the risk of falls, bone fractures, and epileptic seizures. These results do not support the use of fluoxetine to improve functional outcome after stroke

Poems

Excerpt from Satori Blues After the hard hours this rain Grandfather For Laura Cenotaph Dry words Speech of A Poet The Poet On words On words (the reverse ) Two Variat ons on the Columns ‘Making Friends ’ and ‘Short Messages ’ Reading Kie

First Molecular Detection of Zoonotic <i>Chlamydia</i> Species in Vietnamese Goats

The genus Chlamydia comprises obligate intracellular bacteria that infect a wide variety of hosts, with infection leading to a range of diseases in humans and animals; they thus constitute a major public health threat. Among the members of the Chlamydiaceae family, Chlamydia suis, C. abortus, C. pecorum, and C. psittaci represent the most important pathogenic species infecting a large range of hosts and are a well-established threat to livestock. Information regarding the circulation of Chlamydia species in ruminants from Vietnam is lacking. In this study, DNA extracted from 60 blood samples collected from goats in Hue province was used for Chlamydia spp. identification by classic PCR and Sanger sequencing. Chlamydia spp. were detected in eleven samples (18.3%) and C. abortus and C. psittaci were molecularly identified by sequencing. Despite the limited sample size in this study, findings point out the relevance of ruminants as hosts of chlamydial species in Central Vietnam and the importance of monitoring chlamydial strains through the activation of surveillance programs in this country. The need for a deeper evaluation of human and animal health risk analysis in terms of chlamydiosis should be also considered

PHÁT TRIỂN CHỈ THỊ PHÂN TỬ SCAR NHẬN DIỆN LOÀI Vibrio vulnificus GÂY BỆNH LỞ LOÉT TRÊN CÁ NUÔI TẠI TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

Vibrio vulnificus is widespread on cultured fish with the ulcerative disease in the Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam, and it is a potential human pathogen that can cause primary septicemia, wound infection, and gastroenteritis in susceptible individuals. Thus, this study is conducted to develop a molecular marker generated from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) for the rapid detection of V. vulnificus. Twenty random primers were tested by using the RAPD method to detect DNA polymorphisms among Vibrio species. The random primer OPA-09 generates a 1356-bp DNA fragment specific for V. vulnificus. This sequence was used to design a specific primer, and it was transferred to a sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker with a length of 938 bp (A9-938). The specific primers Vvul-1F/Vvul-938R amplify a unique DNA fragment in all isolates of V. vulnificus but not in the other tested Vibrio species. This marker is highly specific and can be used to identify the presence of V. vulnificus in seafood.Trong nghiên cứu trước đây, chúng tôi nhận thấy vi khuẩn Vibrio vulnificus khá phổ biến trên cá nuôi bị xuất huyết ở tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế. Vi khuẩn này là một mầm bệnh cơ hội trên người, có thể gây nhiễm trùng máu nguyên phát, nhiễm trùng vết thương và viêm dạ dày, ruột. Vì vậy, chúng tôi thực hiện nghiên cứu nhằm phát triển một chỉ thị phân tử dựa trên kỹ thuật đa hình các đoạn khuếch đại ngẫu nhiên (RAPD) để xác định nhanh chóng V. vulnificus. Tổng cộng có 20 mồi ngẫu nhiên đã được sử dụng cho phản ứng PCR-RAPD để phát hiện đa hình DNA giữa các loài Vibrio. Trong đó, mồi OPA-09 tạo ra một sản phẩm khuếch đại đặc hiệu cho loài V. vulnificus có chiều dài là 1356 bp. Trình tự này được thiết kế mồi đặc hiệu và chuyển thành chỉ thị SCAR có chiều dài 938 bp (A9-938). Cặp mồi đặc hiệu (Vvul-1F/Vvul-938R) khếch đại một băng duy nhất ở tất cả các chủng V. vulnificus nhưng không xuất hiện ở các loài Vibrio khác. Đây là chỉ thị có độ đặc hiệu cao và có thể sử dụng để nhận diện sự có mặt của V. vulnificus có trong các mẫu hải sản