Ciudad (in)civilizada: marginalidad urbana, ecología del miedo y populismo punitivo en la ciudad de Madrid: los casos de El Rastro (Centro) y San Diego (Puente de Vallecas)

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología. Fecha de lectura: 18-09-201

El lenguaje sagrado del movimiento: sensualidad y misticismo femenino en la obra de Nellie Campobello

[ES] ¿Un libro sobre mujeres escrito por mujeres? En Femenino singular. Revisiones del canon literario iberoamericano contemporáneo, doce autoras y un autor de distintos continentes diseccionan, con perspectiva de género, la obra de otras tantas escritoras españolas e hispanoamericanas relativamente actuales, aunque también, en dos ocasiones, textos y personajes femeninos creados por sendos escritores varones, tan diferentes entre ellos como lo son Antonio Gala y Pablo Simonetti. Entre las escritoras analizadas, se incluyen algunas emergentes, que están alcanzando prestigio en los últimos años, junto con otras que ya consolidaron renombre internacional en el siglo xx o en lo que llevamos del xxi: María Zambrano, Esther Tusquets, Alfonsina Storni, Montserrat Roig, Elena Poniatowska, Rosa Montero, Ana Merino, Carmen Martín Gaite, Rebeca Lane, Beatriz Guido, Rosario Castellanos, Nellie Campobello y Odette Alonso son las poetas, novelistas y ensayistas —algunas también dramaturgas, cuentistas, filósofas e, incluso, cantautoras— a las que se dedican los capítulos. Concretamente, las tres secciones en que se divide el volumen abordan las relaciones entre la identidad y lo otro en sus obras, aspectos como la vivencia del espacio, el cuerpo, la sexualidad, la maternidad y la infancia, así como el compromiso y la amplitud del sujeto. Esta renovada revisión del canon pretende contribuir a la educación literaria aportando una nueva mirada sobre la literatura desde el punto de vista de la identidad femenina, sin renunciar a aceptar sus singularidades

Impact of a Multichannel Blocker in Attenuating Intramyocardial Artery Remodeling in Hypertensive Rats through Increased Nitric Oxide Bioavailability.

Dronedarone is recommended for the treatment of atrial fibrillation. However, we do not know its effect on vascular remodeling. This study was designed to assess whether dronedarone has the potential to improve the intramyocardial artery remodeling induced by chronic hypertension. Ten-month-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly assigned to receive dronedarone (100mg/kg) or vehicle. Age-matched maleWistar-Kyoto rats served as controls. After 14 days of treatment, we studied the structure (geometry and fibrosis) of the intramyocardial artery using histological analysis. Nitric oxide (NO) in plasma was analyzed. In the untreated SHR, we observed a significant increase in external diameter, lumen diameter, wall width, cross-sectional area, and collagen volume density, as was expected in the experimental model. Dronedarone induced a significant decrease in wall width, cross-sectional area, and collagen volume density in SHR-D in comparison with untreated SHR. The values obtained in SHR-D were similar in the WKY control group. We found significantly higher NO levels in plasma in SHR-D than in untreated SHR. Dronedarone improves the intramyocardial artery remodeling induced by chronic hypertension in SHR through increased nitric oxide bioavailability.post-print459 K

Gamma irradiation of chestnuts: dosimetric study and its influence in drying

Food irradiation is a process that has been regaining an increasing interest for different food products to increase shelf life, for disinfestation or sterilization. In industry the drying of chestnuts is used to produce other sub-products, such as flour. So far as we know this is the first time that the influence of gamma irradiation in drying behaviour of an european chestnuts variety was performed. First the dose rate distribution was measured in one of the four levels of a Cobalt-60 irradiation experimental chamber to evaluate the uniformity dose during the irradiation process. The corners of a rectangle with the sample dimensions were chosen, being used the chemical Fricke standard dosimeter for dose rate estimation and routine Amber Perspex during irradiations. The average dose rate for the irradited positions was 2.1 ± 0.8 kGy h–1 , and the ratio Dmax/Dmin was 2.5. Afterwards the chestnuts were subjected to different doses (0, 1, 3 and 6 kGy), and then dried in a forced convective oven at 50 oC. The moisture ratios for each irradiation dose, as well as the drying rates, were determined. The Page model was used to modelize the drying behaviour, obtaining adjusted R squares higher than 0.98. Only the falling rate period was detected. At begininng the drying rates were high, decreasing very fast till 2 h of drying, after that the rates practically did not change till the end of the process. For the irradiation doses up to 6 kGy, it was observed a slight difference between non-irradiated and irradiated fruits drying behaviour

Electron beam irradiator for post-harvest processing of chestnut fruits: technical parameters and feasibility

In a recent worldwide estimation, food irradiation processing represents about 400 000 ton, from which almost half (186 000 ton) were to eliminate insects. In EU Mediterranean countries chestnut fruits production represents a market of more than 100 000 ton, being Portugal the third producer with an amount of 20 000 ton, exporting 25% of the production, representing an income of about 15 million Euros. In March 2010, a European Union commission decision prohibited the use of methyl bromide (MeBr), a wide spectrum fumigant used for different agricultural purposes, namely for post-harvest disinfestation of chestnut fruits. The banning of MeBr could represent an opportunity to implement ionizing radiation treatment, as a well tested technology in other food commodities for post-harvest preservation. Electron beam irradiators are more hardware sophisticated than gamma irradiators, however due to several factors they are becoming more popular and being the first choice, whenever the product can be treated by low penetration radiation. Since the current focus for food irradiation is in e-beam versatility and advantages, it is presented in this paper a detailed analysis and discussion about technical characteristics and feasibility for post-harvest irradiation of chestnut fruits, taking in account the physical dimensions and fruits seasonality, beam energy, throughput and total costs of operation, to estimate the impact on the final price of the irradiated product

Ionizing radiation applications for a sustainable environment: food preservation processing by gamma radiation

The use of ionizing gamma radiation is regulated and authorized by international organizations (EU, EFSA, IAEA, FAO, WHO) for industrial radiation processing of several products: medical devices sterilization, materials modification, cultural heritage preservation and food decontamination. Due to the wrong association of irradiated food with radioactive food, several obstacles have to be overcome in order to promote the civil use of radioisotopes for food irradiation, as a safe and useful application of ionizing radiations. The increasing demand for safe and healthy food is another issue that could help to promote the peaceful use of ionizing radiations. In Europe, the preservation of food by irradiation is strongly regulated and is still not very popular, in spite of several food safety issues, such as bacteria contamination or insects’ infestation, which could be easily solved by an environment friendly technology, without use of chemical fumigants. Focused on food safety and industrial processing with gamma radiation, we will present briefly the technical aspects regarding dosimetry and dosimetric systems, the physico-chemical effects of gamma irradiation on post-harvest processed chestnut fruits, comment consumers’ acceptance and prospect future uses. References Antonio, A. L., Carocho, M., Bento, A., Quintana, B., Botelho, M. L., Ferreira, I. C. F. R., 2012. Effects of gamma radiation on the biological, physico-chemical, nutritional and antioxidant parameters of chestnuts - a review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(9), pp. 3234-3242. Acknowledgements Foundation for Science and Technology, Portugal (Project FCT-RECI/AAG-TEC/0400/2012)

Aplicación de las técnicas coloidales al procesamiento de cermets Acero/Ti(C,N) en agua

La ponencia presentada en: XI Congreso Nacional de Materiales Compuestos, celebrado los días 6, 7 y 8 de julio de 2015, en Móstoles (España).Las técnicas de procesamiento coloidal han demostrado en numerosas ocasiones su efectividad para la obtención materiales compuestos con elevado grado de homogeneidad estructural y reproducibilidad a bajo coste. A pesar de sus grandes virtudes, estas técnicas de procesamiento han recibido escasa atención en el procesamiento de materiales metálicos, debido principalmente a la tendencia a la oxidación de los metales en agua y a su elevada densidad, lo que dificulta la preparación de suspensiones estables. Sin embargo, en trabajos anteriores se ha reportado la obtención de materiales compuestos con matrices basadas en Fe reforzados con Ti(C,N), que presentaban características superiores a las de materiales de similar composición obtenidos mediante pulvimetalurgia convencional. Estos cermet de acero/Ti(C,N) son materiales que presentan bajas densidades y excelentes propiedades mecánicas, lo que les hace idóneos para su utilización como herramientas de corte a altas temperaturasEste trabajo ha sido financiado por el CICYT a través de la concesión del proyecto MAT2012-38650-C02 y por el MULTIMAT-CHALLENGE Ref: P2013/MIT-2862.Publicad

Environmental evaluation of a self-compacted clay based concrete with natural superplasticizers

[EN] Cement concrete is the most widely used construction material worldwide due to its favourable mechanical characteristics. However, it is responsible for 8% of the total carbon emissions in the world, which are generated mainly during the production of clinker. Due to that fact, finding alternatives to cement for some applications in which it is not strictly needed should be a priority. In this study, a self-compacted clay-based concrete with natural superplasticizers based on natural tara tannins is presented. The main objective of the study is to determine if this clay-based concrete can be a sustainable alternative to conventional cement concrete as the main component in structural slabs. The methodology of the study is divided into two parts. First, the self-compacting clay concrete is characterized to determine its mechanical properties. Secondly, a comparative Life Cycle Assessment is conducted to determine the difference between the impacts generated by one square meter of self-compacting cement concrete and one of self-compacting clay concrete. The characterization of the material showed that this self-compacting clay concrete is suitable for some building elements such as structural slabs while avoiding the energy consumption needed to produce conventional concrete. The environmental impact results showed that using self-compacting clay concrete instead of the cement-based material decreases 90% of the carbon emissions and 80% of the overall environmental impact. After the completion of the study, it can be stated that the presented material is a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete for building structural slabs.Romero Clausell, J.; Quintana-Gallardo, A.; Hidalgo Signes, C.; Serrano Lanzarote, AB. (2021). Environmental evaluation of a self-compacted clay based concrete with natural superplasticizers. Materials and Structures. 54(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-020-01586-611654

Effects of gamma radiation on the biological, physico-chemical, nutritional and antioxidant parameters of chestnuts - a review

Gamma radiation has been used as a post-harvest food preservation process for many years. Chestnuts are a seasonal product consumed fresh or processed, and gamma irradiation emerged recently as a possible alternative technology for their post-harvest processing, to fulfil the requirements of international phytosanitary trade laws. After harvest and storage, several problems may occur, such as the presence of infestations and development of microorganisms, namely rotting and fungi. These diminish the quality and safety of the product, decreasing the yield along the production chain. In fruits, gamma irradiation treatment is for two main purposes: conservation (ripening delay) and insect disinfestation (phytosanitary treatment). In this review, the application of gamma irradiation to chestnuts is discussed, including production data, the irradiated species and the effects on biological (sprouting, rotting, respiration rate, insects, worms and fungi), physico-chemical (colour, texture, drying rate), nutritional (energetic value, proteins, sugars and fatty acids) and antioxidant (tocopherols, ascorbic acid, phenolics, flavonoids and antioxidant activity) parameters. These changes are the basis for detecting if the food product has been irradiated or not. The validation of standards used for detection of food irradiation, as applied to chestnuts, is also discussed

Compartment modelling in drying of gamma irradiated chestnut fruits

The main objective of this work was to understand how irradiation processing influences the drying of chestnut fruits. Herein, based on the fruit characteristcs and Computed Tomography (CT) images, we proposed a compartment-model for the kinetic drying curves. The preliminary results seemed to indicate that one-compartment modelling gives good fitting results for the modelization of the drying curves. In this way, this model could be a good approach to the drying process.ON.2-QREN-EU Project nº 13198/2010 for financial support; A.L. Antonio grant SFRH/PROTEC/67398/2010. Dr. Carlos Vaz, General Director of Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, for allowing CT images