Quantum Transitions, Detailed Balance, Black Holes and Nothingness

We consider vacuum transitions by bubble nucleation among 4D vacua with different values and signs of the cosmological constant $\Lambda$, including both up and down tunnelings. Following the Hamiltonian formalism, we explicitly compute the decay rates for all possible combinations of initial and final values of $\Lambda$ and find that up-tunneling is allowed starting not only from dS spacetime but also from AdS and Minkowski spacetimes. We trace the difference with the Euclidean approach, where these transitions are found to be forbidden, to the difference of treating the latter spacetimes as pure (vacuum) states rather than mixed states with correspondingly vanishing or infinite entropy. We point out that these transitions are best understood as limits of the corresponding transitions with black holes in the zero mass limit $M\rightarrow 0$. We find that detailed balance is satisfied provided we use the Hartle-Hawking sign of the wave function for nucleating space-times. In the formal limit $\Lambda \rightarrow -\infty$, the transition rates for AdS to dS agree with both the Hartle-Hawking and Vilenkin amplitudes for the creation of dS from nothing. This is consistent with a proposal of Brown and Dahlen to define `nothing' as AdS in this limit. For $M\neq 0$ detailed balance is satisfied only in a range of mass values. We compute the bubble trajectory after nucleation and find that, contrary to the $M=0$ case, the trajectory does not correspond to the open universe slicing of dS. We briefly discuss the relevance of our results to the string landscape.Comment: 29 pages + appendices, 8 figures. References added. Typos fixe

La importancia de la tipografía como distintivo en la creación e identidad de imágenes corporativas en Perú en el 2019

Este trabajo de investigación cuenta con suficiente información primaria de tesis, y artículos, que estudiaron la importancia y efectos, del uso de la tipografía como distintivo de una corporación, como bien menciona Caldevilla (2009) “La identidad de una corporativa es una comunicación, que se debe gestionar de manera adecuada.” Para esto la empresa debe saber cual es el mensaje que busca expresar a su público, para de esta manera hacer uso de una tipografía con la cual se identificara; al mismo tiempo la empresa busca que esta destaque sobre las demás, para así llamar la atención de sus próximos clientes. Entonces, basándose en las investigaciones realizadas se determinaría si el uso de una tipografía como distintivo corporativo es un aspecto conveniente para las empresas. Para esto también se consideraron los supuestos, para determinar si el diseño de la tipografía, da pie a un análisis de la empresa desde un enfoque gráfico, en que se reconozca el mensaje que esta representa y las sensaciones que causa en el receptor

Planeamiento estratégico de la Empresa Transportes M. Catalán S.A.C

El presente documento constituye un Plan Estratégico para la empresa Transportes M. Catalán S.A.C. la cual está dedicada a la movilización de carga terrestre y en especial de combustible. Lo que aquí se expone constituye el resultado de un exhaustivo análisis de los factores externos e internos de la empresa, a partir de lo cual se identificaron las principales oportunidades, amenazas, fortalezas, y debilidades que tiene la organización. Además de un completo análisis de la situación actual, se establece la visión que define lo que la empresa desea ser en el año 2025, junto con la misión que expresa lo que la organización es. Es así que se sabe que Transportes M.Catalán S.A.C. se proyecta como líder en el transporte de combustible y carga pesada, con una estrategia general de crecimiento y con el fin de obtener rentabilidad. Para lo cual requiere tener colaboradores comprometidos y capacitados, así como contar con unidades modernas. A partir de la visión se desarrollaron los intereses supremos de la empresa y sus objetivos de largo plazo, que son los siguientes: (a) generar un 100% de clientes satisfechos; (b) aumentar la capacidad instalada en 40%, (c) alcanzar una participación de mercado en ventas del 8% en el año 2025; (d) aumentar el uso de los vehículos a un 90% de horas útiles en el año 2025; y (e) generar un Rendimiento sobre el Patrimonio (ROE) igual al 26%. Para lograr la visión y los objetivos de largo plazo se desarrollaron estrategias, las cuales fueron analizadas y se decidió implementar aquellas que permitan la diversificación hacia nuevos servicios, junto con el desarrollo del mercado de industrias manufactureras, para diversificar el riesgo que actualmente tiene por atender principalmente a la minería. Así mismo se propone la creación de nuevos servicios con valor agregado y mantenerse integrado verticalmente hacia atrás con talleres y servicios de mantenimiento, con lo cual logrará incrementar el uso de su capacidad instalada y por ende la eficiencia y rentabilidad del negocioThis document is a strategic plan for the company Transportes M. Catalan S.A.C. which it is dedicated to mobilizing land cargo, especially fuel. What is presented here is the result of a thorough analysis of the external and internal factors of the company, from which the main opportunities, threats, strengths and weaknesses were identified. In addition to a full analysis of the current situation, a vision was created and it defines what the company wants to be in 2025, with the mission that expresses what the organization is. Transportes M. Catalan S.A.C. projected as a leader in fuel transportation and heavy load, with an overall growth strategy is in order to obtain profitability. For which it required to have committed and qualified employees and have modern units. Having the company's supreme interests under consideration the following long-term objectives were developed: (a) generate 100% customer satisfaction; (b) increase the installed capacity by 40% by 2025; (c) achieve a market share in sales of 8% in 2025; (d) increase the use of vehicles to 90% of business hours in 2025; and (e) generating a Return on Equity (ROE) equal to 26%. To achieve the vision and long-term objectives the following strategies were developed, which were analyzed and it was decided to implement those technologies to diversify into new services, along with market development of manufacturing industries to diversify risk currently is to address mainly mining. It also proposes the creation of new value-added services and remain vertically integrated backwards and maintenance workshops, thus able to increase the use of installed capacity and hence efficiency and profitability2016Tesi

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in Spanish children. The COSACO nationwide surveillance study

Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization in Spanish children. Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients <14 years from primary care centers all over Spain. Clinical data and nasal aspirates were collected from March to July 2018. Results: A total of 1876 patients were enrolled. Prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA colonization were 33% (95% CI 30.9–35.1) and 1.44% (95% CI 0.9–2), respectively. Thirtythree percent of the children (633/1876) presented chronic conditions, mainly atopic dermatitis, asthma and/or allergy (524/633). Factors associated with S. aureus colonization were age =5 years (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07–1.12), male sex (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.17–1.76), urban setting (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08–1.97) and the presence of asthma, atopic dermatitis or allergies (OR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.093–1.43). Rural residence was the only factor associated with MRSA colonization (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.57–8.36). MRSA was more frequently resistant than methicillin-susceptible S. aureus to ciprofloxacin [41.2% vs 2.6%; p<0.0001], clindamycin [26% vs 16.9%; p=0.39], and mupirocin [14.3% vs 6.7%; p=0.18]. None of the MRSA strains was resistant to tetracycline, fosfomycin, vancomycin or daptomycin. Conclusions: The main risk factors for S. aureus colonization in Spanish children are being above five years of age, male gender, atopic dermatitis, asthma or allergy, and residence in urban areas. MRSA colonization is low, but higher than in other European countries and is associated with rural settings

Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Spanish Children. The COSACO Nationwide Surveillance Study

Objective: To assess the prevalence and risk factors for S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization in Spanish children. Methods: Cross-sectional study of patients <14 years from primary care centers all over Spain. Clinical data and nasal aspirates were collected from March to July 2018. Results: A total of 1876 patients were enrolled. Prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA colonization were 33% (95% CI 30.9-35.1) and 1.44% (95% CI 0.9-2), respectively. Thirty-three percent of the children (633/1876) presented chronic conditions, mainly atopic dermatitis, asthma and/or allergy (524/633). Factors associated with S. aureus colonization were age ≥5 years (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.07-1.12), male sex (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.17-1.76), urban setting (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.08-1.97) and the presence of asthma, atopic dermatitis or allergies (OR 1.25; 95% CI: 1.093-1.43). Rural residence was the only factor associated with MRSA colonization (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.57-8.36). MRSA was more frequently resistant than methicillin-susceptible S. aureus to ciprofloxacin [41.2% vs 2.6%; p<0.0001], clindamycin [26% vs 16.9%; p=0.39], and mupirocin [14.3% vs 6.7%; p=0.18]. None of the MRSA strains was resistant to tetracycline, fosfomycin, vancomycin or daptomycin. Conclusions: The main risk factors for S. aureus colonization in Spanish children are being above five years of age, male gender, atopic dermatitis, asthma or allergy, and residence in urban areas. MRSA colonization is low, but higher than in other European countries and is associated with rural settings.This study has been supported by The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation – Instituto de Salud Carlos III, and Fondos FEDER of the EU, Grant Nº PI18CIII/00372 [Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias-Spanish Health Research Fund (ISCIII)]; Grant Award “Jose María Corretger” from the Spanish Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases; Grant Research Award from the Spanish Association of Pediatric Primary Care; and a Small Grant Award from the European Society for Pediatric Infectious Diseases.S

Aquacultural Homoeopathy: A Focus on Marine Species

Homoeopathy is an alternative medical system proposed by Samuel Hahnemann in the eighteenth century. It uses highly diluted and agitated substances that derived from plants, minerals or animals, which have shown to be effective in human medicine, agronomy, veterinary, and as a novelty, in marine aquaculture. Aquacultural homoeopathy has developed rapidly in recent years, partially motivated by the misuse of powerful drugs (hormones, antibiotics, disinfectants) that when solving a problem generate undesirable side effects. In the last 10 years, scientific articles have been published on its application in freshwater fish native to Brazil, obtaining beneficial effects on growth, survival, hepatosomatic index, development of muscle fibres and lipid content in muscle. At Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR, Mexico: www.cibnor.mx), we have studied the effects of homoeopathy to improve the culture of economically important marine species of molluscs, fish and shrimp. In this chapter, we show a selection of different research with preliminary or advanced results, related to the use of homoeopathy and its impact on zootechnic, biochemical, genomic and transcriptomic parameters in marine molluscs, fish and crustaceans. The results obtained suggest that homoeopathy is an eco-friendly alternative applicable in aquaculture industry to improve various productive and health aspects

Compact T-branes

We analyse global aspects of 7-brane backgrounds with a non-commuting profile for their worldvolume scalars, also known as T-branes. In particular, we consider configurations with no poles and globally well-defined over a compact K\"ahler surface. We find that such T-branes cannot be constructed on surfaces of positive or vanishing Ricci curvature. For the existing T-branes, we discuss their stability as we move in K\"ahler moduli space at large volume and provide examples of T-branes splitting into non-mutually-supersymmetric constituents as they cross a stability wall.Comment: 37 pages, 1 figure, 2 appendices; minor corrections and reference adde