The value of meta-data for water resource recovery facilities

[EN] Meta-data refers to descriptive information essential to convert large volumes of raw data into useful resources. With the advance of digitalisation in the water sector, it is fundamental to avoid data graveyards and, on the other hand, using collected data to address current and future problems. This white paper focuses on the crucial role that meta-data has in responding to future and possibly unpredictable challenges. The aim of this document is to present the `meta-data challenge¿ and to highlight the need to consider meta-data when collecting information as part of good digitalisation practices.Aguado García, D.; Blumensaat, F.; Baeza, JA.; Villez, K.; Ruano, MV.; Samuelsson, O.; Plana, Q. (2021). The value of meta-data for water resource recovery facilities. H2Open Journal. 1-15. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/188561S11

All-cause mortality in the cohorts of the Spanish AIDS Research Network (RIS) compared with the general population: 1997Ł2010

Abstract Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has produced significant changes in mortality of HIVinfected persons. Our objective was to estimate mortality rates, standardized mortality ratios and excess mortality rates of cohorts of the AIDS Research Network (RIS) (CoRIS-MD and CoRIS) compared to the general population. Methods: We analysed data of CoRIS-MD and CoRIS cohorts from 1997 to 2010. We calculated: (i) all-cause mortality rates, (ii) standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and (iii) excess mortality rates for both cohort for 100 personyears (py) of follow-up, comparing all-cause mortality with that of the general population of similar age and gender. Results: Between 1997 and 2010, 8,214 HIV positive subjects were included, 2,453 (29.9%) in CoRIS-MD and 5,761 (70.1%) in CoRIS and 294 deaths were registered. All-cause mortality rate was 1.02 (95% CI 0.91-1.15) per 100 py, SMR was 6.8 (95% CI 5.9-7.9) and excess mortality rate was 0.8 (95% CI 0.7-0.9) per 100 py. Mortality was higher in patients with AIDS, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infection, and those from CoRIS-MD cohort (1997. Conclusion: Mortality among HIV-positive persons remains higher than that of the general population of similar age and sex, with significant differences depending on the history of AIDS or HCV coinfection

The role of motivation, self-efficacy, illness representations and family responsibility in relation to diabetes outcomes: perceptions of adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and their parents.

Objective Three constructs; motivation (Deci & Ryan, 2000), self-efficacy (Bandura, 1997), and illness representations (Leventhal, et al. 1984), were examined in relation to dietary self-care, metabolic control (HbA1c levels) and diabetes related distress in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). To bring the cognitive theories into a social context, family responsibility, and the perceptions of parents and their distress levels were also evaluated. Method 85 adolescents, aged 12-18 years, and 80 parents/carers completed self-report questionnaires. Results Multiple regression analysis identified that parents’ perceptions of adolescent motivation and parent-child discrepancies in self-efficacy accounted for 18% of the variance in HbA1c levels. Age moderated the relationship between no responsibility and HbA1c levels. The relationship between motivation and dietary self-care was mediated by dietary self-efficacy. Adolescent consequence beliefs, motivation and self-efficacy accounted for 36% of the variance in adolescents’ distress levels. Parents’ perceived consequences and perception of adolescent motivation accounted for 14% of the variance in parent diabetes related distress. Conclusion Adolescent and parent perceptions of motivation, self-efficacy and consequences are important variables to consider when assessing different diabetes outcomes. The study concludes by discussing study limitations and areas for future research, as well highlighting the clinical implications of the findings

Adolescent and parent diabetes distress in type 1 diabetes: the role of self-efficacy, perceived consequences, family responsibility and adolescent-parent discrepancies

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of adolescent and parent diabetes distress with perceived consequences, dietary self-efficacy, and discrepancies in diabetes family responsibility, in type 1 diabetes (T1D). METHODS: 203 adolescents with T1D, aged 12-18, and their parents completed self-report questionnaires cross-sectionally. RESULTS: Higher HbA1c, greater perceived negative consequences of diabetes, and reduced self-efficacy predicted adolescent diabetes distress. Higher HbA1c predicted parental diabetes distress, as did diabetes family responsibility disagreements when both family members claimed responsibility, and parents' perception of reduced adolescent self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: Dietary self-efficacy and perceived negative consequences of diabetes are important factors to consider in assessing and managing adolescent diabetes distress. Perceptions of family responsibility for self-care tasks and parental confidence in adolescents' self-management have implications for parental diabetes distress. Clinical implications support long-held recommendations of taking a family-perspective of T1D care

Longitudinal association of movement behaviour and motor competence in childhood:A structural equation model, compositional, and isotemporal substitution analysis

Objectives: The aimof this study was to analyse the association between physical activity andmotor competence in primary school children using traditional and compositional data analysis approaches over time (time 1 and time 2). Design: A longitudinal observational design was used to study 124 typically developed children (45.2% girls), 5–10 years old at baseline. Methods: Children's objectivelymeasured physical activity and sedentary behaviour, actual and perceived motor competence were assessed at two time points, one year apart. Longitudinal association of movement behaviors with actual and perceived motor competence, in locomotion, ball skills and overall motor competence was explored using structural equation models, compositional analysis, and isotemporal substitution. Results: When adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index, structural equation models and the composition consistently predicted actual and perceived motor competence at time 1 and time 2 (p < 0.01). Reallocation of 10 min fromsedentary to light, or to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, was associated with changes in actual motor competence, which was consistent from time 1 to time 2. Additionally, regarding self-perception, in time 1, isotemporal substitution of sedentary to light physical activity was the only reallocation associated with increases in perceived motor competence. In time 2, however, such positive associations were only found when reallocating time from sedentary or light to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Conclusions: Achieving adequate levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, at the expense of sedentary and light physical activity, is associated with increases of actual and perceived motor competence over time

El valor de los metadatos para las estaciones de recuperación de recursos del agua

RESUMENLos metadatos hacen referencia a información descriptiva (como ubicación del sensor, unidad de medida, rango de medida, fecha de calibración, fecha de limpieza, si ocurrió algún evento como episodio de lluvia/fallo operativo/vertido tóxico …) que es esencial para convertir los grandes volúmenes de datos que se recogen actualmente en las instalaciones de tratamiento de agua y que están sin procesar en información y recursos útiles. Con el avance de la digitalización en el sector del agua, es fundamental evitar los cementerios de datos y, por otro lado, utilizar los datos almacenados para resolver problemas actuales y futuros. Este artículo se centra en el papel crucial que tienen los metadatos para responder a desafíos futuros y posiblemente impredecibles. El objetivo de este documento es presentar el ‘reto de los metadatos’ y destacar la necesidad de tener en cuenta los metadatos cuando se recoge información como parte de las buenas prácticas de digitalización

Recording of Social Determinants in Computerized Medical Records in Primary Care Consultations: Quasi-Experimental Study

Background Social determinants of health may be more important than medical or lifestyle choices in influencing people's health. Even so, there is a deficit in recording these in patients' computerized medical histories. The Spanish administration and the World Health Organization are promoting the recording of diagnoses in computerized clinical histories with the aim of benefiting the individual, the professional, and the community. In most cases, professionals tend to record only clinical diagnoses despite evidence in the literature documenting that addressing the social determinants of health can lead to improvements in health and reductions in social disparities in disease. Objective This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a mixed intervention (face-to-face-digital) aimed at improving the quantity and quality of the records of the social determinants of health in computerized medical records at primary care clinics. Methods A quasi-experimental, nonrandomized, controlled, multicenter study with 2 parallel study arms was conducted in the area of Central Catalonia (Spain) with primary care professionals of the Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), working from September 23, 2019, to March 31, 2020. All interested professionals were accepted. In total, 22 basic health areas were involved in the study. In Spain and Catalonia, the International Classification of Diseases is used, in which there is a coding of the social determinants of health. Five social determinants were selected by a physician, a nurse, and a social worker; these professionals had experience in primary care and were experts in community health. The choice was made taking into account the ease of use, benefit, and existing terminology. The intervention, based on the integration of a checklist, was integrated as part of the usual multidisciplinary clinical workflow in primary care consultations to influence the recording of these determinants in the patient's computerized medical record. Results After 6 months of implementing the intervention, the volume and quantity of records of 5 social determinants of health were compared, and a significant increase in the median number of pre- and postintervention diagnoses was observed (P≤.001). There was also an increase in the diversity of selected social determinants. Using the linear regression model, the significant mean increase of the experimental group with respect to the control group was estimated with a coefficient of 8.18 (95% CI 5.11-11.26). Conclusions The intervention described in this study is an effective tool for coding the social determinants of health designed by a multidisciplinary team to be incorporated into the workflow of primary care practices. The effectiveness of its usability and the description of the intervention described here should be generalizable to any environment. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT04151056; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT0415105

Impact of late presentation of HIV infection on short-, mid- and long-term mortality and causes of death in a multicenter national cohort : 2004-2013

To analyze the impact of late presentation (LP) on overall mortality and causes of death and describe LP trends and risk factors (2004-2013). Cox models and logistic regression were used to analyze data from a nation-wide cohort in Spain. LP is defined as being diagnosed when CD4 < 350 cells/ml or AIDS. Of 7165 new HIV diagnoses, 46.9% (CI:45.7-48.0) were LP, 240 patients died.First-year mortality was the highest (aHR = 10.3[CI:5.5-19.3]); between 1 and 4 years post-diagnosis, aHR = 1.9(1.2-3.0); an