Devenir socio professionnel des patients opérés de chirurgie bariatrique.

Introduction : Les études ayant documenté les liens entre chirurgie bariatrique et activité professionnelle montrent une augmentation de la proportion d'actifs occupés après chirurgie, mais portent sur de faibles effectifs. Nous avons voulu préciser l'évolution de la proportion de patients en emploi après chirurgie, investiguer les difficultés professionnelles et le rôle du médecin du travail dans la prise en charge des patients opérés. Matériels et méthodes : Nous avons mené une étude transversale en 2012 chez les patients suivis annuellement au CHU d'Angers après une chirurgie bariatrique (by-pass gastrique, anneau gastrique, sleeve gastrectomy ou duodenal switch). L' auto-questionnaire portait sur la situation professionnelle, l'observance des consignes post-chirurgicales, les complications et le recours au médecin du travail. Résultats : 803 questionnaires ont été exploités. La proportion d'actifs occupés était la même avant et après chirurgie (64,4 % vs 64,7 % ; p = 0,94). Les patients en emploi étaient moins nombreux à déclarer une activité physique de 30 minutes quotidienne (30,6 % vs. 41,0 % ; p = 0,02). Parmi les 507 personnes en emploi après l'intervention, 40 (7,9 %) présentaient des selles fréquentes invalidantes en milieu professionnel ; 283 (55,8 %) ont consulté leur médecin du travail. Conclusion : Notre étude vient nuancer les travaux antérieurement menés en montrant une stabilité de la proportion d'actifs occupés. En proposant des aménagements de poste, le médecin du travail devrait contribuer à ce que l'activité professionnelle ne soit pas une contrainte pour le choix du type d'intervention chirurgicale.Introduction: Previous surveys about work and bariatric surgery have shown an increase of working patients after surgery, but these studies were performed on small populations. Our aims were to determine the proportion of working patients after surgery, the professionnal specific troubles and the role of occupational physicians during post-op follow-up. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed during year 2012 among patients hospitalized in Angers University Hospital after a bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, adjustable gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy or duodenal switch) for their annual follow-up. The questionnaire concerned the professional situation, respect of post-op advices, usual side-effects and consultations with the occupational physician. Results: 803 questionnaire were studied. The employement rate was the same before and after surgery (64.4% vs 64.7%, p=0.94). Working patients were less likely to practice 30 minutes of physical activity a day (30.6% vs 41.0%, p=0.02). Among the 507 working patients after surgery, 40 (7.9%) reported diarrhea that caused professional troubles. Conclusion: The employement rate remains stable after surgery. By proposing working time adjustments or work restrictions, occupational physicians may ensure that the patient's occupation will not influence the choice of the type of surgeryANGERS-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Feeding ecology of Southern Ocean seastars inferred from stable isotopes ratios

The Southern Ocean is currently subjected to strong and contrasted impacts of climate change. The Western Antarctic Peninsula is one of the most rapidly warming regions of the world, resulting in sea ice cover decreases. Increasing seawater temperature and sea ice cover reduction in Western Antarctic Peninsula and associated regions will likely impact food web functioning through temperature-related changes in consumer physiology, modifications of benthic community structure (e.g. expansion of exogenous species such as predatory crabs), modifications of benthic-pelagic coupling intensity or disruption of benthic production. Asteroids (Echinoderms) are an important group of southern benthos. This group also has a great trophic variability and is potentially more resistant than other organisms to temperature changes (Peck et al. 2008). Consequently, they will be likely impacted by modifications in food webs functioning rather by direct warming and investigating their trophic ecology is necessary to infer how climate change will impact them. In this context, the aim of this study is to use stable isotopes ratios of C, N and S to infer sea stars trophic ecology. 16 species of sea stars spanning 10 different families sampled in multiple and contrasted habitats across Subantarctic (South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, Falkland Islands) and Antarctic (South Shetland Islands, South Orkney Islands, Western Antarctic Peninsula) locations. In total, tegument samples from 213 specimens was analysed. Diversity and plasticity of asteroid diet along Southern Ocean coasts were explored through isotopic niche parametrisation (e.g. niche width and overlap between species and/or populations; Jackson et al. 2011). The data will also be used in a larger scale research project on the trophic ecology of Antarctic sea stars. This project will notably compare trophic resources supporting asteroid communities in Western Antarctic Peninsula, where sea ice cover is decreasing, and in Terre Adélie, where sea ice cover is increasing (Parkinson & Cavalieri 2012). Ultimately, this project will help understanding which ecological processes determine how an animal group copes with environmental modifications linked to climate change

Multi-domain industrial benchmarks for eddy-current modelling: the COFREND working group

9 pagesInternational audienceDescription of the COFREND working group dedicated to the multi-domain industrial benchmarks for eddy-current modelling and some of their configurations

Trophic ecology of Southern Ocean sea stars inferred from stable isotopes ratios of C and N

The Southern Ocean undergoes strong and contrasted impacts of climate change. Increasing seawater temperature and sea ice cover reduction in Western Antarctic Peninsula and associated regions will likely impact food web structure and function. Sea stars (Echinoderms: Asteroidea) are an important group of the Southern Ocean benthos. They typically have highly variable feeding habits and are potentially more resistant than other organisms to temperature changes. Consequently, they will likely be impacted by modifications of the food web rather than by direct warming. Investigating their trophic ecology is therefore necessary to infer how climate change will impact them. In this context, the aim of this study was to use stable isotopes ratios of C, N and S to infer sea stars trophic ecology. During austral summers 2006 and 2009, sea stars were sampled in Subantarctic and Antarctic locations, with most of the samples coming from South Shetland Islands and South Georgia. The isotopic niche (proxy of the trophic niche) associated to each sea star population was explored through SIBER (Stable Isotope Bayesian Ellipses in R) metrics. Stable isotope ratios of sea stars were clearly different between South Shetland Islands and South Georgia. Sea stars of South Shetland Islands had smaller isotopic niches than sea stars of South Georgia. The overlap between the isotopic niches of sea star species was also important in South Shetland Islands, while isotopic niches of South Georgia were well separated. Difference of niche width and overlap between the two regions may be the result of different environmental conditions. In South Shetland Islands, sea star species may exploit a common benthic community relying on organic matter released during sea ice summer melting. In contrast, South Georgia is an oligotrophic environment with no sea ice. As resources are more limited, a higher trophic segregation between sea stars may appear to limit competition. Ultimately, this project highlighted the importance of sea ice in the trophic ecology of Antarctic sea stars. Our results suggest that future reduction of sea ice extent in Western Antarctica may have deleterious effect on sea star populations

Benchopt: Reproducible, efficient and collaborative optimization benchmarks

Numerical validation is at the core of machine learning research as it allows to assess the actual impact of new methods, and to confirm the agreement between theory and practice. Yet, the rapid development of the field poses several challenges: researchers are confronted with a profusion of methods to compare, limited transparency and consensus on best practices, as well as tedious re-implementation work. As a result, validation is often very partial, which can lead to wrong conclusions that slow down the progress of research. We propose Benchopt, a collaborative framework to automate, reproduce and publish optimization benchmarks in machine learning across programming languages and hardware architectures. Benchopt simplifies benchmarking for the community by providing an off-the-shelf tool for running, sharing and extending experiments. To demonstrate its broad usability, we showcase benchmarks on three standard learning tasks: $\ell_2$-regularized logistic regression, Lasso, and ResNet18 training for image classification. These benchmarks highlight key practical findings that give a more nuanced view of the state-of-the-art for these problems, showing that for practical evaluation, the devil is in the details. We hope that Benchopt will foster collaborative work in the community hence improving the reproducibility of research findings.Comment: Accepted in proceedings of NeurIPS 22; Benchopt library documentation is available at https://benchopt.github.io

WHO/ILO work-related burden of disease and injury: Protocol for systematic reviews of exposure to long working hours and of the effect of exposure to long working hours on depression

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) are developing a joint methodology for estimating the national and global work-related burden of disease and injury (WHO/ILO joint methodology), with contributions from a large network of experts. In this paper, we present the protocol for two systematic reviews of parameters for estimating the number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years from depression attributable to exposure to long working hours, to inform the development of the WHO/ILO joint methodology. Objectives: We aim to systematically review studies on occupational exposure to long working hours (Systematic Review 1) and systematically review and meta-analyse estimates of the effect of long working hours on depression (Systematic Review 2), applying the Navigation Guide systematic review methodology as an organizing framework, conducting both systematic reviews in tandem and in a harmonized way. Data sources: Separately for Systematic Reviews 1 and 2, we will search electronic academic databases for potentially relevant records from published and unpublished studies, including Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, CISDOC and PsycINFO. We will also search electronic grey literature databases, Internet search engines and organizational websites; hand search reference list of previous systematic reviews and included study records; and consult additional experts. Study eligibility and criteria: We will include working-age (≥15 years) participants in the formal and informal economy in any WHO and/or ILO Member State, but exclude child workers (<15 years) and unpaid domestic workers. For Systematic Review 1, we will include quantitative prevalence studies of relevant levels of occupational exposure to long working hours (i.e. 35–40, 41–48, 49–54 and ≥55 h/week) stratified by country, sex, age and industrial sector or occupation, in the years 2005–2018. For Systematic Review 2, we will include randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies and other non-randomized intervention studies with an estimate of the relative effect of relevant level(s) of long working hours on the incidence of or mortality due to depression, compared with the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (i.e. 35–40 h/week). Study appraisal and synthesis methods: At least two review authors will independently screen titles and abstracts against the eligibility criteria at a first stage and full texts of potentially eligible records at a second stage, followed by extraction of data from qualifying studies. At least two review authors will assess risk of bias and the quality of evidence, using the most suited tools currently available. For Systematic Review 2, if feasible, we will combine relative risks using meta-analysis. We will report results using the guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting (GATHER) for Systematic Review 1 and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines (PRISMA) for Systematic Review 2. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018085729The publication was prepared with financial support from the World Health Organization cooperative agreement with the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health of the United States of America on implementing Resolution WHA 60.26 “Workers' Health: Global Plan of Action” (Grant 1 E11 OH0010676-02)

Neuroanatomical Study of the A11 Diencephalospinal Pathway in the Non-Human Primate

BACKGROUND: The A11 diencephalospinal pathway is crucial for sensorimotor integration and pain control at the spinal cord level. When disrupted, it is thought to be involved in numerous painful conditions such as restless legs syndrome and migraine. Its anatomical organization, however, remains largely unknown in the non-human primate (NHP). We therefore characterized the anatomy of this pathway in the NHP. METHODS AND FINDINGS: In situ hybridization of spinal dopamine receptors showed that D1 receptor mRNA is absent while D2 and D5 receptor mRNAs are mainly expressed in the dorsal horn and D3 receptor mRNA in both the dorsal and ventral horns. Unilateral injections of the retrograde tracer Fluoro-Gold (FG) into the cervical spinal enlargement labeled A11 hypothalamic neurons quasi-exclusively among dopamine areas. Detailed immunohistochemical analysis suggested that these FG-labeled A11 neurons are tyrosine hydroxylase-positive but dopa-decarboxylase and dopamine transporter-negative, suggestive of a L-DOPAergic nucleus. Stereological cell count of A11 neurons revealed that this group is composed by 4002±501 neurons per side. A 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) intoxication with subsequent development of a parkinsonian syndrome produced a 50% neuronal cell loss in the A11 group. CONCLUSION: The diencephalic A11 area could be the major source of L-DOPA in the NHP spinal cord, where it may play a role in the modulation of sensorimotor integration through D2 and D3 receptors either directly or indirectly via dopamine formation in spinal dopa-decarboxylase-positives cells