As ocupações estudantis e a reinvenção do espaço escolar facilitadas pelas tecnologias interativas

For years now, the severe crisis of the Brazilian educational system, from the depreciation of schools and of working conditions to the overall decline in what education means, has given rise to movements of student resistance and struggle that demand the improvement of education. In 2015, a new wave of protests started initially in São Paulo as a reaction to the government’s announcement to close more than 100 state schools, which spread to similar manifestations nationwide. In the state of Rio de Janeiro, students occupied over 80 schools. Boosted by interactive technologies, these students took the occupation of school spaces beyond, into a movement of opposition to the State power. The greatest innovation of the students’ Occupation was the subversion of traditional school logic, enabling the students to experience self-management and a new dynamic form of education.Durante años, la severa crisis de la educación en Brasil, que va desde la depreciación de las escuelas y de las condiciones de trabajo hasta la reducción de lo que debiera ser educar, hay incitado movimientos de resistencia y lucha para mejoras en la educación. En 2015, una nueva ola de protestos comenzó inicialmente en São Paulo debido al anuncio del estado de cerrar más de 100 escuelas y se extendió por todo el país. En el estado de Río de Janeiro más de 80 escuelas fueron ocupadas por los estudiantes. Impulsados por las tecnologías interactivas, además de la consecución del espacio físico de la escuela, este movimiento es una forma de oposición al poder del Estado. La gran novedad es la subversión de la lógica de la escuela tradicional, que permitió a los jóvenes experimentar la autogestión y la experiencia de una nueva dinámica de enseñanza.A grave crise do sistema educacional brasileiro, que vai do sucateamento dos colégios e das condições de trabalho à redução do que seria educar, há anos suscita movimentos de resistência e luta para a melhoria da educação. Em 2015, uma nova onda de manifestações surgiu, inicialmente em São Paulo, devido ao anúncio de fechamento de mais de 100 escolas públicas estaduais, o que fez o movimento estudantil emergir em âmbito nacional. No estado do Rio de Janeiro, mais de 80 escolas foram ocupadas pelos estudantes. Impulsionado pelas tecnologias interativas, para além da conquista do espaço físico escolar, este movimento é uma forma de oposição ao poder do Estado. Sua grande novidade é a subversão à lógica da escola tradicional, o que permitiu aos estudantes experimentarem a autogestão e vivenciarem uma nova dinâmica de ensino

SLIDESHARE COMO FERRAMENTA METODOLÓGICA UTILIZADA DURANTE AS MONITORIAS DE MORFOLOGIA CABEÇA E PESCOÇO DO CURSO DE ODONTOLOGIA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA

O Programa de Monitoria Acadêmica (PROMAC), surgiu como uma atividade complementar pedagógica, para que o aluno-monitor possa colaborar com o desenvolvimento dos seus colegas e da disciplina. Antigamente as ferramentas de estudo eram limitadas, hoje em dia as tecnologias digitais permitem o acesso a sites, blogs, fóruns, redes sociais e outros meios de informação para que se possa buscar novos conhecimentos de forma fácil, rápida e interativa. O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar um relato de experiência das atividades desenvolvidas durante a monitoria da disciplina de Morfologia Cabeça e Pescoço do curso de Odontologia da UNICATÓLICA, ressaltando a importância do uso do SlideShare como ferramenta de ensino. O SlideShare é um ambiente do ciberespaço, onde qualquer pessoa pode publicar documentos e apresentações de slides. Essa plataforma permite que qualquer pessoa possa acessar os arquivos que forem postados. Todos os materiais didáticos utilizados na monitoria, como: slides, resumos, atividades, estudos dirigidos e revisões, eram disponibilizados nesse espaço, onde os alunos conseguiam acessar de forma gratuita e online através de um link ou acessando o perfil “EduardoQueiroz44” no site: www.slidesharenet.net onde os conteúdos já apresentam cerca de 100.000 mil visualizações que estão prontos para serem acessados. Conclui-se que o Programa de Monitoria Acadêmica é essencial, pois permite ao monitor, transmitir o conhecimento para os alunos da forma mais clara possível, e que a utilização do SlideShare como ferramenta se ensino foi fundamental para a boa performance da monitoria

A Importância das Medidas de Mitigação e Adaptação Frente às Mudanças Climáticas na Agropecuária Brasileira / The Importance of Mitigation and Adaptation Measures to Climate Change in Brazilian Agriculture

As mudanças climáticas apresentam-se como um iminente perigo que põe em risco os ecossistemas, a biodiversidade, as comunidades culturais, entre muitos outros aspectos, afetando o bem-estar humano e ambiental. A Agropecuária é um setor muito sensível a essas variações do clima com consequências imediatas perceptíveis como, por exemplo, o aumento da suscetibilidade de erosão em terras acarretando a perda de fertilidade de solos, o que coloca em questão a segurança alimentar global. No Brasil, a degradação de terras ocasionada por desmatamentos é uma das causas de maiores emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) e é motivada principalmente pela expansão da fronteira agrícola e da pecuária. Portanto a premissa é de que tal setor contribua negativamente na emissão de GEE. Assim o objetivo deste estudo é verificar quais são as medidas de mitigação e adaptação frente às mudanças climáticas no setor Agropecuário. Foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico a fim de contextualizar a problemática, bem como evidenciar quais são as medidas indicadas pelo plano de Agricultura de Baixo Carbono (ABC) e pelo Painel Brasileiro de Mudanças Climáticas (PBMC). Tal discussão é importante porquanto se preza por um desenvolvimento sustentável em prol do bem-estar de todos. Desse modo há necessidade de respostas e ações urgentes para essas iminentes eventualidades. Tais ações visam primordialmente a manutenção de um meio ambiente equilibrado e o enfrentamento das consequências já antecipadas. 

Doenças endocrinológicas com repercussões psiquiátricas: revisão sistemática / Endocrinological disorders with psychiatric repercussions: a systematic review

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura sobre doenças endocrinológicas com repercussões psiquiátricas. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de literatura, através de uma busca nas bases de dados Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Google Scholar e Scientific Electronic Library Online, utilizando-se os descritores: Endocrinology, Mental Disorders, Psychiatric Symptoms, Cushing’s syndrome, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Addison disease. Através disso, foram selecionados 12 artigos que compunham os critérios de inclusão e exclusão do presente estudo. Dessa forma, destaca-se que os estudos evidenciaram que diversos são as repercussões psiquiátricas em pacientes com doenças endocrinológicas, variando desde transtornos de ansiedade, depressão, transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade e psicose, cabendo aos profissionais o diagnóstico correto e em tempo hábil para auxiliar na qualidade de vida do indivíduo. 

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

Aim: Amazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types. Location: Amazonia. Taxon: Angiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots). Methods: Data for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran\u27s eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny. Results: In the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R$^{2}$ = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R$^{2}$ = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types. Main Conclusion: Numerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Geographic patterns of tree dispersal modes in Amazonia and their ecological correlates

Aim: To investigate the geographic patterns and ecological correlates in the geographic distribution of the most common tree dispersal modes in Amazonia (endozoochory, synzoochory, anemochory and hydrochory). We examined if the proportional abundance of these dispersal modes could be explained by the availability of dispersal agents (disperser-availability hypothesis) and/or the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits (resource-availability hypothesis). Time period: Tree-inventory plots established between 1934 and 2019. Major taxa studied: Trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 9.55 cm. Location: Amazonia, here defined as the lowland rain forests of the Amazon River basin and the Guiana Shield. Methods: We assigned dispersal modes to a total of 5433 species and morphospecies within 1877 tree-inventory plots across terra-firme, seasonally flooded, and permanently flooded forests. We investigated geographic patterns in the proportional abundance of dispersal modes. We performed an abundance-weighted mean pairwise distance (MPD) test and fit generalized linear models (GLMs) to explain the geographic distribution of dispersal modes. Results: Anemochory was significantly, positively associated with mean annual wind speed, and hydrochory was significantly higher in flooded forests. Dispersal modes did not consistently show significant associations with the availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits. A lower dissimilarity in dispersal modes, resulting from a higher dominance of endozoochory, occurred in terra-firme forests (excluding podzols) compared to flooded forests. Main conclusions: The disperser-availability hypothesis was well supported for abiotic dispersal modes (anemochory and hydrochory). The availability of resources for constructing zoochorous fruits seems an unlikely explanation for the distribution of dispersal modes in Amazonia. The association between frugivores and the proportional abundance of zoochory requires further research, as tree recruitment not only depends on dispersal vectors but also on conditions that favour or limit seedling recruitment across forest types

Geography and ecology shape the phylogenetic composition of Amazonian tree communities

AimAmazonia hosts more tree species from numerous evolutionary lineages, both young and ancient, than any other biogeographic region. Previous studies have shown that tree lineages colonized multiple edaphic environments and dispersed widely across Amazonia, leading to a hypothesis, which we test, that lineages should not be strongly associated with either geographic regions or edaphic forest types.LocationAmazonia.TaxonAngiosperms (Magnoliids; Monocots; Eudicots).MethodsData for the abundance of 5082 tree species in 1989 plots were combined with a mega-phylogeny. We applied evolutionary ordination to assess how phylogenetic composition varies across Amazonia. We used variation partitioning and Moran's eigenvector maps (MEM) to test and quantify the separate and joint contributions of spatial and environmental variables to explain the phylogenetic composition of plots. We tested the indicator value of lineages for geographic regions and edaphic forest types and mapped associations onto the phylogeny.ResultsIn the terra firme and várzea forest types, the phylogenetic composition varies by geographic region, but the igapó and white-sand forest types retain a unique evolutionary signature regardless of region. Overall, we find that soil chemistry, climate and topography explain 24% of the variation in phylogenetic composition, with 79% of that variation being spatially structured (R2 = 19% overall for combined spatial/environmental effects). The phylogenetic composition also shows substantial spatial patterns not related to the environmental variables we quantified (R2 = 28%). A greater number of lineages were significant indicators of geographic regions than forest types.Main ConclusionNumerous tree lineages, including some ancient ones (>66 Ma), show strong associations with geographic regions and edaphic forest types of Amazonia. This shows that specialization in specific edaphic environments has played a long-standing role in the evolutionary assembly of Amazonian forests. Furthermore, many lineages, even those that have dispersed across Amazonia, dominate within a specific region, likely because of phylogenetically conserved niches for environmental conditions that are prevalent within regions

Mapping density, diversity and species-richness of the Amazon tree flora

Using 2.046 botanically-inventoried tree plots across the largest tropical forest on Earth, we mapped tree species-diversity and tree species-richness at 0.1-degree resolution, and investigated drivers for diversity and richness. Using only location, stratified by forest type, as predictor, our spatial model, to the best of our knowledge, provides the most accurate map of tree diversity in Amazonia to date, explaining approximately 70% of the tree diversity and species-richness. Large soil-forest combinations determine a significant percentage of the variation in tree species-richness and tree alpha-diversity in Amazonian forest-plots. We suggest that the size and fragmentation of these systems drive their large-scale diversity patterns and hence local diversity. A model not using location but cumulative water deficit, tree density, and temperature seasonality explains 47% of the tree species-richness in the terra-firme forest in Amazonia. Over large areas across Amazonia, residuals of this relationship are small and poorly spatially structured, suggesting that much of the residual variation may be local. The Guyana Shield area has consistently negative residuals, showing that this area has lower tree species-richness than expected by our models. We provide extensive plot meta-data, including tree density, tree alpha-diversity and tree species-richness results and gridded maps at 0.1-degree resolution