Stepping through the door – exploring low-threshold services in Norwegian family centres

Author's accepted version (postprint).This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Bulling, I.S. (2016). Stepping through the door – exploring low‐threshold servicesin Norwegian family centres. Child and Family Social Work, which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12343. This article may be used for non‐commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self‐Archiving.Available from 30/11/2018.Public policies encourage the service system to work in new ways to promote health and increase social equality. This paper presents four categories that show the character of the low-threshold services in Norwegian family centres from the professionals' and parents' perspectives, focusing on accessibility and participation: easy access, low level of bureaucracy, collaborative competences and inclusive arena. This paper is based on an inductive study in three municipalities that have chosen to establish family centres as interdisciplinary co-located services that aim to offer low-threshold services for children and their families. Data were generated through a fieldwork, and participatory observation and interviews were the main source of data. The methodological framework for the analysis was grounded theory, in which the data generation and analysis interchanged throughout the study, and theoretical sampling set the focus for the fieldwork. Exploring the actor's perspective highlighted both strengths and challenges with the low-threshold services in the family centres. The four elements presented emphasize that the value of these low-threshold services are not found in one single hallmark; rather, the value depends on an interaction between different elements that must be addressed when establishing, evaluating and developing low-threshold services in family centres

Structural and Electronic Properties of Photoexcited TiO₂ Nanoparticles from First Principles

The structure and energetics of excitons and individual electron and hole polarons in a model anatase TiO₂ nanoparticle (NP) are investigated by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Time Dependent (TD)-DFT calculations. The effect of the Hartree–Fock exchange (HF-exc) contribution in the description of TiO₂ NPs with unpaired electrons is examined by comparing the results from semilocal and hybrid DFT functionals with different HF-exc percentages, including a long-range corrected hybrid functional. The performances of TD-DFT and ground state (SCF) DFT approaches in the description of the photoexcited polaron states in TiO₂ NPs are also analyzed. Our results confirm that the HF-exc contribution is essential to properly describe the self-trapping of the charge carriers. They also suggest that long-range corrected functionals are needed to properly describe excited state relaxation in TiO₂ NPs. TD-DFT geometry optimization of the lowest excited singlet and triplet states deliver photoluminescence values in close agreement with the experimental data