Scalable Bell inequalities for multiqubit systems

Based on Clauser-Horner-Shimony-Holt inequality, we show a fruitful method to exploit Bell inequalities for multipartite qubit systems. These Bell inequalities are designed with a simpler architecture tailored to experimental demonstration. Under the optimal setting we derive a set of compact Mermin-type inequalities and discuss quantum violations for generalized Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GGHZ) states. Also, we reveal relationship between quantum nonlocality and four-partite entanglement for four-qubit GGHZ states.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

Spleen-Yang-deficiency patients with polycystic ovary syndrome have higher levels of visfatin

AbstractObjectiveTo study serum visfatin levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) grouped by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) patterns. To study the correlations of serum visfatin levels with homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS), body mass index (BMI), testosterone (T), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG).MethodsTwo hundred and twelve PCOS patients were placed into the following TCM pattern subgroups: Kidney-Yang deficiency (KYD) group, Spleen-Yang deficiency (SYD) group, stagnant Liver-Qi transforming into heat (SLQTH) group, and Kidney-Yin deficiency (KYIND) group. The correlations between serum visfatin levels and HOMA-IR, FPG, FINS, BMI, T, TC, and TG were analyzed.ResultsOf all patients with PCOS, there were 82 in the KYD group (38.6%), 67 in the SYD group (31.6%), 37 in the SLQTH group (17.5%), and 26 in the KYIND group (12.3%). Visfatin levels in all PCOS subgroups were higher than those in the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Among these subgroups, the visfatin levels in the SYD group were significantly higher than those in the other three TCM pattern groups (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences among the remaining three pattern groups. The levels of BMI, FINS, HOMA-IR, T, and TG were significantly higher in all subgroups than those in the control group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in FPG and TC between all PCOS subgroups and the control group (P>0.05). The SYD group had higher levels of FINS and HOMA-IR compared with the KYD, SLQTH, and KYIND groups (P<0.05). In all subgroups, after controlling for BMI, TG, TC, and age, visfatin was positively correlated with FINS (r= 0.197, P=0.015) and HOMA-IR (r=0.173, P=0.033), and was not correlated with T.ConclusionKYD and SYD patterns are most common in PCOS patients. Increased visfatin is a common pathophysiologic manifestation in PCOS patients. The SYD group had the highest levels of visfatin, and visfatin was positively correlated with FINS and HOMA-IR

Reconstruction of f(R) models with Scale-invariant Power Spectrum

Following our previous work in [JCAP 1206, 041 (2012)], in this paper, we continue our study of reconstructing $f(R)$ modified gravity models that can be connected to a single scalar field in general relativity via conformal transformation, which lead to scale-invariant power spectrum in the early universe. With $f(R)$ modified gravity, one does not need to introduce extra scalar, the nature of which are to be explained. Different from general nonminimal coupling theory, the behavior of the $f(R)$ theory has been fixed by its counterpart in Einstein frame, and thus have one to one correspondence. Numerical plots of the functional form of $f(R)$ as well as the evolution of $R$ in terms of cosmic time $t$ are also presented.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

A scalable tripartite Wigner's friend scenario

Wigner's friend thought experiment is intended to reveal the inherent tension between unitary evolution and measurement collapse. On the basis of Wigner's friend experiment, Brukner derives a no-go theorem for observer-independent facts. We construct an extended Wigner's friend scenario including three laboratories, namely, Alice's laboratory, Bob's laboratory and Charlie's laboratory, where Alice, Bob and Charlie are standing outside the laboratories while their friends are placed inside their own laboratories. We consider quantum simulation via Q\# quantum programming and also realize the primary quantum circuits using IBM quantum computers. Then, we calculate the probabilities and corresponding statistical uncertainties. It has been shown that the results of quantum simulation are clearly consistent with theoretical values, while it has a slightly higher error rates for the experimental results of quantum computers mainly because of a series of quantum gates, especially CNOT gates.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Quantifying the geographical distribution effect on decreasing aggregated nitrogen oxides intensity in the Chinese electrical generation system

Over the past 20 years, the spatial distribution of electrical generation and its relationship to cross-regional power transmission has impacted China's power generation system and significantly affected the total amount of NO x and the aggregated nitrogen oxides intensity (ANI) of the system. An investigation of the driving mechanisms of ANI that considers the unevenness of regional electricity generation will be crucial to future improvements in the NO x efficiency of the electrical generation system in China. In this study, we built a decomposition model for ANI by incorporating the spatial distribution of electrical generation and found that the spatial distribution of electricity generation together with energy-related factors gradually caused decreases in ANI. The efficiency of electricity generation presented the dominant inhibitory effect on ANI, but its effect size has weakened since 2010. In contrast, the fossil fuel structure of thermal power shows an increasingly positive effect on changes in ANI. The primary energy composition only slightly affected changes in ANI. Moreover, the changed geographical distribution of electricity generation is non-negligible and has a positive effect on reduction of the ANI of the Chinese electrical generation system. The transferred amount of local NO x emissions by cross-provincial electricity transmission, however, could cause lead to additional environmental costs for generators. This issue should receive more attention in the future