Boosting Charge Separation and Transfer by Plasmon-Enhanced MoS₂/BiVO₄ p–n Heterojunction Composite for Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

The poor separation and significant recombination of electron–hole pairs and slow transfer mobility of charge carriers limit the performance of BiVO₄ for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. To ameliorate the above problems, a novel integrated Ag-embedded MoS₂/BiVO₄ p–n heterojunction ternary composite electrode is fabricated and applied. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) by the near-field electromagnetic enhancement or abundant hot electrons injection and p–n heterojunction of MoS₂/BiVO₄ by the built-in electrical potential synergistically boost the electron–hole pair separation, transfer properties and suppress the recombination of the electron–hole pairs. Consequently, the BiVO₄−Ag−MoS₂ electrode among four of the BiVO₄-based electrodes achieves the largest photocurrent density of 2.72 mA cm^–2 at 0.6 V vs RHE, which is 2.44 times higher than that of pure BiVO₄ electrode (0.79 mA cm^–2), and possesses the largest IPCE of 51% at 420 nm. This work proposes a worthy design strategy for a plasmon enhanced p–n heterojunction for efficient PEC water splitting