Variable Permeability Magnetometer Systems and Methods for Aerospace Applications

A magnetometer configured to measure low field strength magnetic fields is provided. Certain embodiments of the magnetometer include a cylindrical coil assembly having a variable permeability core and terminals disposed at both ends. A current source circuit may be operably connected to the terminals and configured to apply a voltage controlled current across the terminals. A voltage readout circuit may be operably connected to the terminals and configured to measure a voltage across the terminals due to the applied current from the current source. An inductance of the coil assembly directly varies as an ambient magnetic field strength varies a permeability of the variable permeability core, and a voltage across the terminals varies directly with the inductance such that the measured voltage across the terminals is a direct measure of the ambient magnetic field strength

Discussing the Role of Classification Algorithms in Clinical Predictions with help of Case Studies

This paper discuss about the important role of classification algorithms in clinical predictions , two case studies one for breast cancer and other for heart disease prediction with help of classification data mining techniques is presented in this paper. Online freely accessible data is used for the said case studies. Used data is publicly available data on internet consisting of 909 records for heart disease and 699 for breast cancer. C4.5 and the C5.0 Two well-known decision tree algorithms used to get the rules for predictions, and these rules used for improving the quality of an open source Pathology Management System based on Care2x.Performances of these algorithms are also compared. This Paper will further discuss about the importance of open source software in healthcare as well as how a pathology management system can adopt Evidence Based Medicine (EBM). EBM is a new and important approach which can greatly improve decision making in health care. EBM's task is to prevent, diagnose and medicate diseases using medical evidence [5].Clinical decisions must be based on scientific evidence that demonstrates effectiveness. This paper is basically extension of our previous work ‘A Prototype of Cancer/Heart Disease Prediction Model Using Data Mining’

PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT OF ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L.) UNDER AGRO- CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF MANSEHRA, PAKISTAN

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of various levels of NPK fertilizers on the yield  and yield contributing factors of onion.Treatments includes namely T1(00-00-00),T2(25-25-12.5),T3(50-50-25),T4(75-75-37.5)and T5(100-100-50) NPK kg/ha. All P and K fertilizer was applied as basal dose while Nitrogen was applied in split doses.  The variety used in the study was Swat-1. Data revealed that at harvest maximum plant height of 53.8cm, No. of leaves/plant (7), No. of roots/plant (95), No. of bulb/plot ( 221), fresh weight/bulb (127.7g), bulb size (6.4 cm),  and yield of 24.92 tons/ha were recorded in treatment T5 provided 100-100-50 NPK kg/ha followed by plant height of 52.2cm, No. of leaves/plant (6), No. of roots/plant (83),  No. of bulb/plot(156) , fresh weight/bulb 118g , bulb size 5.7cm,  and 23.87 tons/ha yield   in treatment receiving 75-57-37.5NPK kg/ha. The minimum plant height of 46.3 cm, No. of leaves/plant (5), No. of roots/plant (55), No. of bulb/plot (114), fresh weight/ bulb (103.5 g) bulb size (5.05cm) and yield of 17.80 tons/ha was recorded in control plot  (without NPK). Results indicates that NPK @100-100-50 kg/ha proved to be the optimal dose of fertilizer to get maximum yield of onion

A review of foodborne Toxoplasma gondii with a special focus on its prevalence in Pakistan from 2000 to 2022

Third-world countries have a higher prevalence of food-related disorders than developed nations. Millions of people in underdeveloped countries are seriously at risk from the potential water supply contamination with protozoan diseases. Toxoplasma gondii is one of the important protozoans causing diseases in livestock and humans. Despite the standard tests for diagnosing this parasite and different treatment methods, the spread of these parasites is uncontrollable and rising every year due to other management disorders. In this review, we summarize etiopathogenesis and prevalence in Pakistan. We looked for papers reporting the seroprevalence of T. gondii in people and animals between 2000 and 2022 in different databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data on the seroprevalence of T. gondii in Pakistan's domestic animals (sheep and goats, horses, donkeys, mules, cattle, and buffaloes), domestic pets (cats and dogs), poultry and rodents, and humans were gathered. According to the findings, sheep had an estimated pooled seroprevalence of T. gondii that varied from 11.20 to 26.50 %, and goats from 24.50 to 38.40%. Whereas in buffalo the opposite trend was followed, and the prevalence was observed is 0% in 2022, in horses, donkeys, and mules, only one study was reported according to which a high prevalence was observed in mules (28.60%) followed by donkeys (23.50%) and horses (23.50%), in cats 38.5% prevalence was observed in a recent study and in dogs 28.43% observed, and in humans from 22 to 60%. Human beings are found to be the most affected species showing high prevalence among all. According to our findings, animals and pets not only serve as a reservoir for the parasite but also serve as a direct route for human infection with T. gondii. The diagnostic techniques used in the observed studies were mostly serological testing whereas only a few studies have only been observed with molecular testing. To know the exact pattern of the disease for its control, the trend of molecular and advanced testing should be adopted as it is more reliable. Moreover, to decrease the transmission chances of T. gondii to humans, it is crucial to manage T. gondii infections in non-human species

Development of Sustained-Release Microbeads of Nifedipine and In vitro Characterization

Purpose: To formulate and evaluate sustained-release microbeads of nifedipine for prolonged delivery.Methods: Nifedipine microbeads were prepared using sodium alginate and pectin in different ratios by ionic-gelation method. The microbeads were evaluated for surface morphology and shape by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micromeritic properties, microencapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release. The microbeads were also assessed by Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to determine drug-polymer interaction, if any.Results: FTIR and DSC results indicate absence of interaction between the drug and polymers used. Good rheological behavior was demonstrated with an angle of repose < 30º, and Carr’s index and Hausner’s ratio of < 10% and < 1.12, respectively Microbead size, yield and entrapment efficiency were in the range of 695 to 733 um, 69 to 75% and 54 to 63%,  respectively. SEM revealed that the microbeads were discrete, largely spherical and free-flowing. Higuchi model was the best fit for the dissolution data and followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism.Conclusion: The microbead formulation would be suitable for sustained release of nifedipine.Keywords: Microbead, Nifedipine, Alginate, Ionic gelation, Pectin, Higuchi model, Non-Fickian diffusion

The Qualitative Analysis of Host–Parasitoid Model with Inclusion of Spatial Refuge Effect

The objective of this work was to investigate the dynamics of host–parasitoid model with spatial refuge effect. For this, two discrete host–parasitoid models were considered under spatial refuge effect. Suppose that a constant population of hosts may seek refuge and protection from an attack of parasitoids. We found the parametric factors affecting the existence of the equilibrium points and uniqueness of equilibrium points. A local stability analysis of host–parasitoid models was also carried out. Bifurcation theory was used to observe that the host–parasitoid models undergo Neimark–Sacker bifurcation. The effect of the existence of constant refuge effect on the local stability and bifurcation of models was also explored. Hybrid chaos control methodology was used to control the chaotic behavior of model. In addition, numerical simulations, bifurcation diagrams, and phase portraits of the models are also presented.This research is funded by the Basque Government under the Grants IT1555-22 and KK-2022/00090; and to MCIN/AEI 269.10.13039/501100011033 for Grant PID2021-358 1235430B-C21; and to MCIN/AEI 269.10.13039/501100011033 for Grant PID2021-358 1235430B-C22. The APC was funded by M. De la Sen

The impact of boron seed priming on seedling establishment, growth, and grain biofortification of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) in yermosols

Boron-deficiency in Yermosols is among the major constraints to mungbean productivity and grain biofortification in Pakistan. However, agronomic strategies such as boron (B) seed priming have potential to improve mungbean yield and grain biofortification. Moreover, deficiency to toxicity range for B is very narrow; therefore, it is pre-requisite to optimize its dose before field evaluation. A wire house experiment was planned out to reconnoiter the impact of seed priming with B on growth and quality of two cultivars of mungbean, i.e., ‘NM-2011’ and ‘NM-2016’. Four different B levels were used as seed priming, i.e., 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 1.0% B, (borax Na2B4O7.10H2O, 11.5% B) were tested, whereas hydropriming was regarded as control. Seed priming with 0.01% B significantly (p≤0.05) lowered time taken to start germination and time to reach 50% emergence, whereas improved mean emergence time, emergence index, final emergence percentage, number of leaves, dry and fresh weight of root, shoot, and total weight, root length, plant height, chlorophyll contents, number of pods and 100-grain weight, seeds per plant, grain yield per plant, B concentrations in stem and grain, grain protein, carbohydrate and fiber in both cultivars. Boron seed priming proved beneficial under a specific range; however, deficiency (hydropriming) and excess (above 0.01% B) of B were detrimental for mungbean growth and productivity. The cultivar ‘NM-2016’ had significantly (p≤0.05) higher yield due to prominent increase in yield related traits with 0.01% B priming as compared to ‘NM-2011’. In conclusion, B seed priming (0.01% B) seemed a feasible choice for improving mungbean growth, yield related traits and grain-B concentration of mungbean on Yermosols

Typhoid and Paratyphoid Cost of Illness in Pakistan: Patient and Health Facility Costs from the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project II

Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of illness from enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) at selected sites in Pakistan. Methods: We implemented a cost-of-illness study in 4 hospitals as part of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) II in Pakistan. From the patient and caregiver perspective, we collected direct medical, nonmedical, and indirect costs per case of enteric fever incurred since illness onset by phone after enrollment and 6 weeks later. From the health care provider perspective, we collected data on quantities and prices of resources used at 3 of the hospitals, to estimate the direct medical economic costs to treat a case of enteric fever. We collected costs in Pakistani rupees and converted them into 2018 US dollars. We multiplied the unit cost per procedure by the frequency of procedures in the surveillance case cohort to calculate the average cost per case. Results: We collected patient and caregiver information for 1029 patients with blood culture-confirmed enteric fever or with a nontraumatic terminal ileal perforation, with a median cost of illness per case of US $196.37 (IQR, US$72.89-496.40). The median direct medical and nonmedical costs represented 8.2% of the annual labor income. From the health care provider perspective, the estimated average direct medical cost per case was US $50.88 at Hospital A, US$52.24 at Hospital B, and US $11.73 at Hospital C. Conclusions: Enteric fever can impose a considerable economic burden in Pakistan. These new estimates of the cost of illness of enteric fever can improve evaluation and modeling of the costs and benefits of enteric fever prevention and control measures, including typhoid conjugate vaccines

Atom localization via phase and amplitude control of the driving field

Journals published by the American Physical Society can be found at http://publish.aps.org/Control of amplitude and phase of the driving field in an atom-field interaction leads towards the strong line narrowing and quenching in the spontaneous emission spectrum. We exploit this fact for the atom localization scheme and achieve a much better spatial resolution in the conditional position probability distribution of the atom. Most importantly the quenching in the spontaneous emission manifests itself in reducing the periodicity in the conditional position probability distribution and hence the uncertainty in a particular position measurement of the single atom by a factor of 2