Keabsahan Tanda Tangan Elektronik Pada Perjanjian Jual Beli Barang dari Perspektif Hukum Perdata

ABSTRACT: The research objective to analyze to analyze the validity of electronic signatures in a sale and purchase agreement of goods from the perspective of civil law. (2) knowing and analyzing whether electronic signatures can be used as evidence in court. This research uses normative research. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The validity of an agreement made with an electronic signature in the perspective of civil law is based on the principles of agreement as contained in the Civil Code and can only be said to be valid if it uses an electronic system that is in accordance with applicable regulations in Indonesia. 2) An electronic signature has the same evidentiary power as an authentic deed as regulated in Law no. 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. Electronic signatures can be used as legal evidence and have complete and perfect proof power like an authentic deed. ABSTRAK: Tujuan peneltian menganalisis keabsahan tanda tangan elektronik dalam suatu perjanjian jual beli barang dari perspektif hukum perdata. (2) mengetahui dan menganalisis apakah tanda tangan elektronik dapat dijadikan sebagai alat bukti di pengadilan. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian normatif.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Keabsahan suatu perjanjian yang dilakukan dengan tanda tangan elektronik dalam perspektif hukum perdata adalah berdasarkan pada asas-asas perjanjian sebagaimana yang termuat dalam KUHPerdata dan baru dapat dikatakan sah apabila menggunakan sistem elektronik yang sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku di Indonesia 2) Tanda tangan elektronik mempunyai kekuatan pembuktian yang sama dengan suatu akta otentik sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang No. 19 Tahun 2016 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Tanda tangan elektronik dapat dijadikan sebagai alat bukti yang sah dan memiliki kekuatan pembuktian yang lengkap dan sempurna layaknya akta otentik

Analisis terhadap Pelaksanaan Tindak Pidana Kesusilaan Yang Dilakukan Anak Di Bawah Umur Di Pengadilan Negeri Bitung

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The Legal Protection for Children as Victims of Crimes of the Sexual Violence in Makassar City

[Full Paper] to pdf Copyright (c) 2020 Meraja journa

Wanprestasi in the Construction Service Agreement in the General Working and Spatial Service

[Full Paper] to pdf Copyright (c) 2020 Meraja journa

ESENSI KEADILAN DALAM SISTEM EKONOMI ISLAM (Studi Akad Mudharabah dan Musyarakah pada Bank Syariah)

ABSTRAKSahban. 0021.DIH.13.2013. Esensi Keadilan Dalam Sistem Ekonomi Islam (Studi Akad Mudharabah dan Musyarakah Pada Bank Syariah) (dibimbing H.M. Arfin Hamid, Syamsuddin Pasamai, dan Abdul Qahar).Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis: hakikat akad mudharabah dan musyarakah pada perbankan syariah dalam mewujudkan keadilan ekonomi, pengaturan akad mudharabah dan musyarakah pada perbankan syariah dalam mewujudkan keadilan ekonomi, dan implementasi sistem akad mudharabah dan musyarakah pada perbankan syariah yang dapat mewujudkan keadilan ekonomi. Jenis penelitian yang akan dilakukan adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan tipe penelitian hukum normatif mengenai esensi keadilan dalam sistem ekonomi Islam (studi akad mudharabah dan musyarakah pada bank syariah)Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa esensi mudharabah dan musyarakah mengandung nilai tauhid dan prinsip keadilan,taawaun, kerjasama, amanah, saling ridha, menghindari riba, menghindari maisir, menghindari gharar. Kesemua nilai dan prinsip tersebut mendorong terwujudnya keadilan ekonomi dalam akad mudharabah dan musyarakah pada Perbankan Islam. Akad mudharabah dan musyarakah mencegah perilaku zalim kepada sesama manusia, hal tersebut merupakan perwujudan manusia sebagai khalifah yang memakmurkan bumi pada dimensi perbankan. ?Substansi dan prinsip yang terkandung dalam akad mudharabah dan musyarakah telah termuat dalam Undang-Undang Perbankan Nasional. Skim akad mudharabah dan musyarakah telah dipraktikan dalam berbagai kegiatan bisinis dalam perbankan syariah guna mencegah kemafsadatan ekonomi dan mewujudkan kemaslahatan ekonomi Rekomendasi dalam penelitian ini, perlu edukasi keagaaman yang lebih intensif terhadap akad mudharabah dan musyarakah mengingat potensi pasar yang dimiliki oleh bank syariah sangat besar di Indonesia. Perlu mengoptimalkan akad mudharabah dan musyarakah pada perbankan syariah karena skim pembiayaan yang lebih banyak dilakukan adalah akad murabahah (pembiayaan). Perlu pengambilan langkah-langkah yang strategis dalam menjadikan akad mudharabah dan musyarakah sebagai sebagai solusi untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraaan umat yang berdasar pada keadilan ekonomi

Assembly of Building Blocks by Double-End-Anchored Polymers in the Dilute Regime Mediated by Hydrophobic Interactions at Controlled Distances

Hierarchical assembly of building blocks via competing, orthogonal interactions is a hallmark of many of nature's composite materials that do not require highly specific ligand-receptor interactions. To mimic this assembly mechanism requires the development of building blocks capable of tunable interactions. In the present work, we explored the interplay between repulsive (steric and electrostatic) and attractive hydrophobic forces. The designed building blocks allow hydrophobic forces to effectively act at controlled, large distances, to create and tune the assembly of membrane-based building blocks under dilute conditions, and to affect their interactions with cellular membranes via physical cross-bridges. Specifically, we employed double-end-anchored poly(ethylene glycol)s (DEA-PEGs)-hydrophilic PEG tethers with hydrophobic tails on both ends. Using differential-interference-contrast optical microscopy, synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and cryogenic electron microscopy, we investigated the ability of DEA-PEGs to mediate assembly in the dilute regime on multiple length scales and on practical time scales. The PEG length, anchor hydrophobicity, and molar fraction of DEA-PEG molecules within a membrane strongly affect the assembly properties. Additional tuning of the intermembrane interactions can be achieved by adding repulsive interactions via PEG-lipids (steric) or cationic lipids to the DEA-PEG-mediated attractions. While the optical and electron microscopy imaging methods provided qualitative evidence of the ability of DEA-PEGs to assemble liposomes, the SAXS measurements and quantitative line-shape analysis in dilute preparations demonstrated that the ensemble average of loosely organized liposomal assemblies maintains DEA-PEG concentration-dependent tethering on defined nanometer length scales. For cationic liposome-DNA nanoparticles (CL-DNA NPs), aggregation induced by DEA-PEGs decreased internalization of NPs by cells, but tuning the DEA-PEG-induced attractions by adding repulsive steric interactions via PEG-lipids limited aggregation and increased NP uptake. Furthermore, confocal microscopy imaging together with colocalization studies with Rab11 and LysoTracker as markers of intracellular pathways showed that modifying CL-DNA NPs with DEA-PEGs alters their interactions with the plasma and endosomal membranes

Recessive MYL2 mutations cause infantile type I muscle fibre disease and cardiomyopathy

<p>A cardioskeletal myopathy with onset and death in infancy, morphological features of muscle type I hypotrophy with myofibrillar disorganization and dilated cardiomyopathy was previously reported in three Dutch families. Here we report the genetic cause of this disorder. Multipoint parametric linkage analysis of six Dutch patients identified a homozygous region of 2.1 Mb on chromosome 12, which was shared between all Dutch patients, with a log of odds score of 10.82. Sequence analysis of the entire linkage region resulted in the identification of a homozygous mutation in the last acceptor splice site of the myosin regulatory light chain 2 gene (MYL2) as the genetic cause. MYL2 encodes a myosin regulatory light chain (MLC-2V). The myosin regulatory light chains bind, together with the essential light chains, to the flexible neck region of the myosin heavy chain in the hexameric myosin complex and have a structural and regulatory role in muscle contraction. The MYL2 mutation results in use of a cryptic splice site upstream of the last exon causing a frameshift and replacement of the last 32 codons by 20 different codons. Whole exome sequencing of an Italian patient with similar clinical features showed compound heterozygosity for two other mutations affecting the same exon of MYL2, also resulting in mutant proteins with altered C-terminal tails. As a consequence of these mutations, the second EF-hand domain is disrupted. EF-hands, assumed to function as calcium sensors, can undergo a conformational change upon binding of calcium that is critical for interactions with downstream targets. Immunohistochemical staining of skeletal muscle tissue of the Dutch patients showed a diffuse and weak expression of the mutant protein without clear fibre specificity, while normal protein was absent. Heterozygous missense mutations in MYL2 are known to cause dominant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; however, none of the parents showed signs of cardiomyopathy. In conclusion, the mutations in the last exon of MYL2 are responsible for a novel autosomal recessive lethal myosinopathy due to defects changing the C-terminal tail of the ventricular form of the myosin regulatory light chain. We propose 'light chain myopathy' as a name for this MYL2-associated myopathy.</p>