Importancia de la Red Federal de Control Público para el fortalecimiento del control interno a nivel federal

En el presente trabajo se aborda el estudio de la Red Federal de Control Público (RFCP) como un emprendimiento organizacional que integra el control y la auditoría a nivel federal. Se analiza su conformación y los factores que favorecen el fortalecimiento del control interno de las instituciones ejecutoras de los programas sociales, en miras al desarrollo de herramientas que optimicen el envío de información por parte de la Unidades de Auditoría Interna (UAI) a los Organismos de Control Local (OCL). El planteo propuesto trasluce la necesidad de alcanzar una mayor interacción entre todos los actores que intervienen en las auditorías desarrolladas en el marco de la RFCP, mediante una participación más activa de las UAI en el suministro de los insumos necesarios para ejecutar los proyectos planificados y, en definitiva, lograr a través de ello ciertas mejoras en las siguientes instancias del proceso de auditoría: planificación, ejecución y seguimiento de la implementación de las acciones correctivas.Facultad de Ciencias Económica

Small-signal analysis of naturally-sampled single-edge PWM control loops

This paper presents a simple method to analyse the behaviour of feedback loops that contain a naturally-sampled single-edge pulse-width modulator. A small-signal model is derived by means of simple geometric arguments. It is shown how this small-signal model can be used to analyse the stability of the continuous-time pulse-width modulated feedback loop by using standard z-domain techniques. The strategy relies on familiar concepts like transfer functions and small-signal gains and does not require any in-depth knowledge of non-linear systems. A simple design process, where the continuous-time compensator is designed directly in the z-domain, is developed and detailed design equations are derived for a PI current regulator. It is shown how the proposed strategy can accurately predict instability that cannot be explained by means of the well-known average model of the pulse-width modulator. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by means of detailed timedomain simulations. The mechanisms that lead to instability are discussed and an equation for the critical loop gain is derived

Microzooplankton grazing and phytoplankton growth in marine mesocosms with increased CO2 levels

Microzooplankton grazing and algae growth responses to increasing pCO2 levels (350, 700 and 1050 μatm) were investigated in nitrate and phosphate fertilized mesocosms during the PeECE III experiment 2005. Grazing and growth rates were estimated by the dilution technique combined with taxon specific HPLC pigment analysis. Microzooplankton composition was determined by light microscopy. Despite a range of up to 3 times the present CO2 levels, there were no clear differences in any measured parameter between the different CO2 treatments. During days 3–9 of the experiment the algae community standing stock, measured as chlorophyll a (Chl-a), showed the highest instantaneous grow rates (k=0.37–0.99 d−1) and increased from ca. 2–3 to 6–12 μg l−1, in all mesocosms. Afterwards the phytoplankton standing stock decreased in all mesocosms until the end of the experiment. The microzooplankton standing stock, that was mainly constituted by dinoflagellates and ciliates, varied between 23 and 130 μg C l−1 (corresponding to 1.9 and 10.8 μmol C l−1), peaking on day 13–15, apparently responding to the phytoplankton development. Instantaneous Chl-a growth rates were generally higher than the grazing rates, indicating only a limited overall effect of microzooplankton grazing on the most dominant phytoplankton. Diatoms and prymnesiophytes were significantly grazed (12–43% of the standing stock d−1) only in the pre-bloom phase when they were in low numbers, and in the post-bloom phase when they were already affected by low nutrients and/or viral lysis. The cyanobacteria populations appeared more affected by microzooplankton grazing which generally removed 20–65% of the standing stock per day

Efectos psicológicos causados durante la pandemia Covid-19 en los padres de familia asistentes al Programa Plan 24C del ISIPs en el año 2020.

La investigación realizada pretende identificar efectos psicológicos de tipo emocional, cognitivo y conductual que la pandemia a consecuencia del virus SARS-CoV 2 ocasionó en padres de familia asistentes al programa Plan 24 C durante el año 2020. A través del estudio se precisó indagar sobre las variables contextuales a las que estuvieron expuestos los participantes utilizando herramientas cualitativas de investigación tales como una entrevista y un cuestionario que abordan aspectos relevantes de la vida diaria de los participantes como hábitos, actividades, percepciones propias, salud, etc. La investigación utilizó un enfoque descriptivo fenomenológico, pues tomó en consideración las experiencias individuales de los participantes durante el confinamiento ocasionado por la pandemia COVID-19. Los padres de familia accedieron a participar de forma voluntaria y al analizar las respuestas obtenidas se realizó una transcripción literal de las respuestas con fines de nutrir la investigación exclusivamente. El COVID-19 es una enfermedad ocasionada por el virus SARS-CoV-2, que en algunos casos puede ser una enfermedad mortal. Durante los últimos días del año 2019 se propagó rápidamente en los países del continente asiático especialmente, sin embargo, en enero de 2020 se tornó en una emergencia sanitaria a nivel mundial. Las personas infectadas presentan síntomas comunes y el contagio se produce por la expulsión de gotículas y aerosoles. Una de las medidas implementadas para disminuir los contagios fue el uso de mascarillas en espacios cerrados, el distanciamiento y por supuesto, el confinamiento, que es la separación, aislamiento y restricción de la interacción social durante un tiempo indefinido con el fin de frenar los contagios

A neural probe with up to 966 electrodes and up to 384 configurable channels in 0.13 μm SOI CMOS

In vivo recording of neural action-potential and local-field-potential signals requires the use of high-resolution penetrating probes. Several international initiatives to better understand the brain are driving technology efforts towards maximizing the number of recording sites while minimizing the neural probe dimensions. We designed and fabricated (0.13-μm SOI Al CMOS) a 384-channel configurable neural probe for large-scale in vivo recording of neural signals. Up to 966 selectable active electrodes were integrated along an implantable shank (70 μm wide, 10 mm long, 20 μm thick), achieving a crosstalk of −64.4 dB. The probe base (5 × 9 mm2) implements dual-band recording and a 1

Impact of phage predation on bacterial transcriptome under simulated human airway conditions

Bacteriophages have been proven to be efficient in the combat of bacterial multidrug-resistant infections, including those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nevertheless, the interactions of phages with bacteria in the human body remains unexplained and its disclosure could lead to advance research and development in phage-based therapies. In this work, RNA-sequencing of phage-infected P. aeruginosa PAO1 adhered to a human epithelial cell monolayer (Nuli-1 ATCC® CRL-4011) was performed to assess bacterial transcriptional processes occurring in phagebacteriahuman cells, i.e., mimicking phage predation under more realistic settings. To achieve that, adhered bacteria were infected with phage LUZ19, and total RNA was extracted from the complex cell mixture. Thereafter, bacterial rRNA/human RNA was depleted and cDNA libraries were prepared to sequence. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were quantified using uninfected bacteria as control. In human airway-simulated conditions, there were 21, 39, and 129 bacterial DEGs after 5, 10, and 15 min-post infection, respectively. From DEGs, some genes were identified as part of LUZ19 typical induced responses (prophage, glycerol metabolism, and spermidine synthesis genes). However, unique responses were also captured including upregulation of pyochelin syntheses, LPS modification, sulfate starvation, exopolysaccharide-related genes, and downregulation of bacterial global regulators. These changes are associated with starvation-like conditions (iron and sulfate) and bacteria adaptation to the host, but its role in phage infection progression is still unknown. The study of its impact on bacterial virulence or phage efficient infectivity under human physiology is of most importance. This comprehensive study allows the comparison of bacterial and phage transcripts in the presence of host cells, contributing to a better understanding of phage-bacteria-host interactions, which are relevant in a phage therapy context.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dissolution of coccolithophorid calcite by microzooplankton and copepod grazing

International audienceIndependent of the ongoing acidification of surface seawater, the majority of the calcium carbonate produced in the pelagial is dissolved by natural processes above the lysocline. We investigate to what extent grazing and passage of coccolithophorids through the guts of copepods and the food vacuoles of microzooplankton contribute to calcite dissolution. In laboratory experiments where the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi was fed to the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, the heterotrophic flagellate Oxyrrhis marina and the copepod Acartia tonsa, calcite dissolution rates of 45?55%, 37?53% and 5?22% of ingested calcite were found. We ascribe higher loss rates in microzooplankton food vacuoles as compared to copepod guts to the strongly acidic digestion and the individual packaging of algal cells. In further experiments, specific rates of calcification and calcite dissolution were also measured in natural populations during the PeECE III mesocosm study under differing ambient pCO2 concentrations. Microzooplankton grazing accounted for between 27 and 70% of the dynamic calcite stock being lost per day, with no measurable effect of CO2 treatment. These measured calcite dissolution rates indicate that dissolution of calcite in the guts of microzooplankton and copepods can account for the calcite losses calculated for the global ocean using budget and model estimates

Electrode pooling: boosting the yield of extracellular recordings with switchable silicon probes

State-of-the-art silicon probes for electrical recording from neurons have thousands of recording sites. However, due to volume limitations there are typically many fewer wires carrying signals off the probe, which restricts the number of channels that can be recorded simultaneously. To overcome this fundamental constraint, we propose a novel method called electrode pooling that uses a single wire to serve many recording sites through a set of controllable switches. Here we present the framework behind this method and an experimental strategy to support it. We then demonstrate its feasibility by implementing electrode pooling on the Neuropixels 1.0 electrode array and characterizing its effect on signal and noise. Finally we use simulations to explore the conditions under which electrode pooling saves wires without compromising the content of the recordings. We make recommendations on the design of future devices to take advantage of this strategy

Copepod feeding and reproduction in relation to phytoplankton development during the PeECE III mesocosm experiment

International audienceWithin the frame of the Pelagic Ecosystem CO2 Enrichment (PeECE III) experiment, reproduction and feeding of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus was monitored in relation to phytoplankton development in two mesocosms, at present 1× (350 ?atm) and ca 3× present (1050 ?atm) CO2 concentrations, respectively. Both mesocosms showed rapid phytoplankton growth after the initial nutrient additions and reached maximum chlorophyll (Chl) a concentrations around day 10. Flow-cytometry and specific pigment analysis (HPLC-CHEMTAX), showed that diatoms and prymnesiophyceae (Emiliania huxleyi (Ehux) and other nanoplankton) dominated the biomass. Feeding and egg production rates of C. finmarchicus developed similarly in both mesocosms, and were positively correlated with Chla, Ehux, diatom and prymnesiophyceae concentrations. Although the total number of copepod nauplii recruited during the experiment was similar in 1× and 3×, significantly less nauplii were recruited in 3× during the peak of the bloom compared to in 1×. We conclude that the algae responsible for the higher biomass in 3× during the peak of the bloom (diatoms and Ehux), may have been relatively inferior food for C. finmarchicus naupliar recruitment, possibly due to a high C:N ratio (>8). Nevertheless, the 3 fold increase in CO2 concentration did not show any clear overall effect on bulk phytoplankton or zooplankton development over the whole experiment, suggesting a more complex coupling between increased CO2 and the nutritional status of the system