REPRESENTASI DAN INTERPRETASI FENOMENA HYPERDEMOCRACY DI RUANG VIRTUAL: KAJIAN SEMIOTIK PRAGMATIK KASUS MEME COVID 19 DI INDONESIA

ABSTRAK COVID-19 sebagai isu global telah menarik perhatian dan menimbulkan kontroversi, khususnya dalam penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia. Sejak merebaknya COVID-19, berbagai pro dan kontra muncul sebagai tanggapan atas langkah pemerintah yang dianggap tidak adil oleh sebagian kalangan. Posisi relasi kuasa publik tampak semakin dominan, hal ini menunjukkan munculnya fenomena hiperdemokrasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelusuri bukti- bukti linguistik yang menunjukkan fenomena hyperdemocracy di ruang virtual. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus menggunakan tanggapan pembaca terhadap isu langkah pemerintah di masa pandemi COVID-19 yang dikonstruksi dalam bentuk meme oleh media sosial. Data penelitian ini berupa meme dan tanggapan warganet dari akun instagram @fakartun. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertumpu pada teori semiotik Peirce, pendekatan CMDA Herring, relasi kuasa dari perspektif Foucault, dan gejala hyperdemocracy dari Welch. Hasil analisis menunjukkan partisipasi, kebebasan berekspresi, dan relasi yang mewujud dalam bentuk dialog antara penanggap dan media sosial, penanggap dan sumber informasi, dan sesama penanggap. Penanggap cenderung mendukung tanda dan makna yang dibangun oleh media sosial yang memaknai informasi tentang langkah pemerintah di masa pandemi COVID-19 sebagai bentuk pembiaran, lepas tanggung jawab, dan cenderung menguntungkan kepentingan para pelaku usaha. Banyak tanggapan kasar cenderung menghina, mengejek diarahkan kepada pemerintah dan penanggap lain yang dianggap berseberangan. Perdebatan terjadi antara penanggap dan media sosial, dan antarsesama penanggap yang terus berlanjut hingga terjadi perluasan topik perdebatan. Situasi tersebut mengindikasikan terjadinya proses semiosis “getok tular”. Hal ini didukung oleh faktor konteks media sosial yang ramah dan faktor konteks situasi komunikasi yang leluasa untuk berinteraksi. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa saat ini semua orang dapat mengakses, menulis, membaca, dan memperoleh pengikut yang sepemahaman. Dengan demikian pelan-pelan kepakaran akan “kalah benar” dibandingkan dengan seseorang yang memiliki banyak pengikut atau follower (kejatuhan media). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa publik tampak semakin dominan. Beberapa fenomena di atas dapat dijadikan indikator gejala hyperdemocracy yang sedang berlangsung di media sosial. Keywords: Tanda, Makna, Semiotik, Hyperdemocracy, Instagram, COVID-19 Abstract COVID-19 as a global issue has attracted attention and caused controversy, especially in the handling of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, various pros and cons have emerged in response to the government move. It is considered unfair by some. The position of public power relations appears to be increasingly dominant, it shows the emergence of the hyper- democracy phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to explore linguistic evidence that shows the phenomenon of hyper-democracy in virtual space. This research is a case study using reader responses to the issue of government measures during the COVID-19 pandemic constructed in the form of memes by social media. This research data is in memes and citizen responses from the @fakartun Instagram account. This qualitative research used semiotic theory from Peirce, CMDA approach from Herring, power relations from Foucault, and hyperdemocracy phenomenon from Welch. The results of the analysis show participation, freedom of expression, and relationships that manifest in the form of a dialogue between responders and social media, responders and information sources, and fellow responders. Responders tend to support signs and meanings built by social media that interpret information about government steps during the COVID-19 pandemic as a form of neglect, escaping responsibility, and tending to benefit the interests of business actors. Many harsh responses tend to be insulting, mockingly directed at the government and other responders who are considered as opposing. Debates took place between responders and social media and among fellow responders continued until there was an expansion of the topic. This situation indicates the occurrence of a getok-tular semiosis process. It was supported by the context of social media and the context of the communication situation that is free to interact. Based on these findings, this study concludes that recently everyone can access, write, read, gain like-minded followers. Thus, the expertise will slowly “lose right” compared to someone who has a lot of followers or followers (the fall of the media). It shows that the public seems increasingly dominant. Some of the phenomena above can be indicators of ongoing hyper-democracy symptoms on social media. Keywords: Sign, Meaning, Semiotic, Hyperdemocracy, Instagram, COVID-19 Meme

REPRESENTASI DAN INTERPRETASI FENOMENA HYPERDEMOCRACY DI RUANG VIRTUAL: KAJIAN SEMIOTIK PRAGMATIK KASUS MEME COVID 19 DI INDONESIA

ABSTRAK COVID-19 sebagai isu global telah menarik perhatian dan menimbulkan kontroversi, khususnya dalam penanganan COVID-19 di Indonesia. Sejak merebaknya COVID-19, berbagai pro dan kontra muncul sebagai tanggapan atas langkah pemerintah yang dianggap tidak adil oleh sebagian kalangan. Posisi relasi kuasa publik tampak semakin dominan, hal ini menunjukkan munculnya fenomena hiperdemokrasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menelusuri bukti-bukti linguistik yang menunjukkan fenomena hyperdemocracy di ruang virtual. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus menggunakan tanggapan pembaca terhadap isu langkah pemerintah di masa pandemi COVID-19 yang dikonstruksi dalam bentuk meme oleh media sosial. Data penelitian ini berupa meme dan tanggapan warganet dari akun instagram @fakartun. Penelitian kualitatif ini bertumpu pada teori semiotik Peirce, pendekatan CMDA Herring, relasi kuasa dari perspektif Foucault, dan gejala hyperdemocracy dari Welch. Hasil analisis menunjukkan partisipasi, kebebasan berekspresi, dan relasi yang mewujud dalam bentuk dialog antara penanggap dan media sosial, penanggap dan sumber informasi, dan sesama penanggap. Penanggap cenderung mendukung tanda dan makna yang dibangun oleh media sosial yang memaknai informasi tentang langkah pemerintah di masa pandemi COVID-19 sebagai bentuk pembiaran, lepas tanggung jawab, dan cenderung menguntungkan kepentingan para pelaku usaha. Banyak tanggapan kasar cenderung menghina, mengejek diarahkan kepada pemerintah dan penanggap lain yang dianggap berseberangan. Perdebatan terjadi antara penanggap dan media sosial, dan antarsesama penanggap yang terus berlanjut hingga terjadi perluasan topik perdebatan. Situasi tersebut mengindikasikan terjadinya proses semiosis “getok tular”. Hal ini didukung oleh faktor konteks media sosial yang ramah dan faktor konteks situasi komunikasi yang leluasa untuk berinteraksi. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa saat ini semua orang dapat mengakses, menulis, membaca, dan memperoleh pengikut yang sepemahaman. Dengan demikian pelan-pelan kepakaran akan “kalah benar” dibandingkan dengan seseorang yang memiliki banyak pengikut atau follower (kejatuhan media). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa publik tampak semakin dominan. Beberapa fenomena di atas dapat dijadikan indikator gejala hyperdemocracy yang sedang berlangsung di media sosial. Abstract ¬¬¬¬COVID-19 as a global issue has attracted attention and caused controversy, especially in the handling of COVID-19 in Indonesia. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, various pros and cons have emerged in response to the government move. It is considered unfair by some. The position of public power relations appears to be increasingly dominant, it shows the emergence of the hyper-democracy phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to explore linguistic evidence that shows the phenomenon of hyper-democracy in virtual space. This research is a case study using reader responses to the issue of government measures during the COVID-19 pandemic constructed in the form of memes by social media. This research data is in memes and citizen responses from the @fakartun Instagram account. This qualitative research used semiotic theory from Peirce, CMDA approach from Herring, power relations from Foucault, and hyperdemocracy phenomenon from Welch. The results of the analysis show participation, freedom of expression, and relationships that manifest in the form of a dialogue between responders and social media, responders and information sources, and fellow responders. Responders tend to support signs and meanings built by social media that interpret information about government steps during the COVID-19 pandemic as a form of neglect, escaping responsibility, and tending to benefit the interests of business actors. Many harsh responses tend to be insulting, mockingly directed at the government and other responders who are considered as opposing. Debates took place between responders and social media and among fellow responders continued until there was an expansion of the topic. This situation indicates the occurrence of a getok-tular semiosis process. It was supported by the context of social media and the context of the communication situation that is free to interact. Based on these findings, this study concludes that recently everyone can access, write, read, gain like-minded followers. Thus, the expertise will slowly “lose right” compared to someone who has a lot of followers or followers (the fall of the media). It shows that the public seems increasingly dominant. Some of the phenomena above can be indicators of ongoing hyper-democracy symptoms on social media

Code Switching Usage in 50 First Dates Movie

The objectives of this research are to know the used of Code-Switching in 50 First Date movie. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method. The final results indicate the three types of code-switching are used in 50 first dates movie, namely tag switching 47.8%, intra-sentential 39.1%, and inter-sentential 13.2%. The most used type is tag switching, it shows that switching done by the character of the movie, Ula, are tag and exclamation. The most reason Ula switches the language is that he wants to change the hearers' perception. They are two reasons for code-switching; metaphorical code-switching 69.6% and situational code-switching 30.4%.  The function of switching the code is mostly to involve the hearer directly into the conversation. They are five functions of code-switching referential 8.7%, directive 39.1, expressive 34.8%, phatic 13.1%, and metalinguistic 4.3%

Memes As the Representation of Criticism in Social Media

The development of the internet world is now increasingly widespread and diverse. Information can be immediately obtained. For example, meme content is distributed via social media accounts. Memes are a form of creative ideas that are packed with graphic design and often contain insinuations about something. The purpose of this study is to uncover the signified and signifier, and speeches that appear in memes that are circulating on Fakartun Instagram account regarding the disappointment with the House of Representatives (DPR). Following a student rally in the courtyard of the DPR, concerning to the rejection of the revision of the Organization Statue of the Indonesian Corruption Eradication Commission (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi - KPK) and the Indonesian Criminal Code (UU KUHP), various responses emerged on social media platforms. In particular, electronic graphic designs spread from one person to another through social media platforms such as Instagram. These memes represent some people’s anxiety about the revised bills. This study relies on Roland Barthes’s semiotic approach which is the development of Ferdinand De Saussure’s semiotic theory and the illocutionary act of Searl. The results of this study suggest that the memes merged as a form of reaction to the disappointment of citizens over the revision of the bills. Keywords: semiotic-pragmatics, illocutionary acts, representations, meme

Critical discourse analysis of proportional closed election system news (on the online media CNNindonesia.com and News.detik.com)

The background of this research is the discourse on the implementation of a closed proportional system in the 2024 election. The research aims to find out the textual practices of the discourse of the two online media as information tools that can influence readers' opinions of a discourse. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method through a three-dimensional theoretical approach from Fairclough. Analysis of the object of research through three stages of analysis, description, interpretation and explanation. The results of the text analysis show that the two news media have different content. cnnindonesia.com seems to be answering the public's question mark about the reasons for PDIP as the only party that seems confident in supporting a closed proportional election system in the 2024 election. Through this system the chairman of the party absolutely appoints cadres in parliament. Meanwhile, news.detik.com's reporting places more emphasis on the possible impact that will be experienced by the PDIP and its implications for political developments in Indonesia if the system is implemented in the upcoming elections. From the two reports, there is a difference in the focus of representation and the purpose of the news. The conclusion is that the context of the media and the context of the communication situation appear to have a significant effect on determining the meaning of speech in online news media

Praanggapan pada dialog mengenai kejujuran: kajian Pragmatik dalam novel Asal Kau Bahagia karya Bernard Batubara

The aims of this analysis is to examine presuppositions on dialogue about honesty through pragmatic studies. This is a qualitative study with content analysis method because this research prioritizes the content approach of dialogue in the novel. The data source of this analysis is a dialogues that contain presuppositions and imply honesty in the novel Asal Kau Bahagia by Bernard Batubara. Data provision of this analysis is done by using simak method that is applied through note-taking techniques. The results of this study indicate that 26 data containing presuppositions consisting of 9 data included in factive presuppositions, 3 lexical presuppositions data, 7 data as existantial presuppositions, 5 data as non-factual presuppositions, and 2 data are counterfactual presuppositions. In addition, the research also revealed that through several presupposition there was a message in each speech, the action would always be related to the value of honesty, but sometime it is really to be said. If it happens there is only prejudice and revenge exists. In addition, through this pragmatic, presupposition, and about honesty, the author also hopes that the results of this paper will be able to contribute ideas to the reading community about the importance of the value of honesty in friendship, romance, and in a society that has recently faded

Praanggapan pada dialog mengenai kejujuran: kajian Pragmatik dalam novel Asal Kau Bahagia karya Bernard Batubara

The aims of this analysis is to examine presuppositions on dialogue about honesty through pragmatic studies. This is a qualitative study with content analysis method because this research prioritizes the content approach of dialogue in the novel. The data source of this analysis is a dialogues that contain presuppositions and imply honesty in the novel Asal Kau Bahagia by Bernard Batubara. Data provision of this analysis is done by using simak method that is applied through note-taking techniques. The results of this study indicate that 26 data containing presuppositions consisting of 9 data included in factive presuppositions, 3 lexical presuppositions data, 7 data as existantial presuppositions, 5 data as non-factual presuppositions, and 2 data are counterfactual presuppositions. In addition, the research also revealed that through several presupposition there was a message in each speech, the action would always be related to the value of honesty, but sometime it is really to be said. If it happens there is only prejudice and revenge exists. In addition, through this pragmatic, presupposition, and about honesty, the author also hopes that the results of this paper will be able to contribute ideas to the reading community about the importance of the value of honesty in friendship, romance, and in a society that has recently faded

DIMENSI SOSIOKULTURAL TERHADAP TAGAR DI TWITTER INDONESIA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap dimensi sociokuultural dalam teori Critical Discourse Analsys (CDA oleh Norman Fairclough dari beberapa tagar yang menjadi trending topik di twitter Indonesia. Twitter menjadi ruang diskusi yang sangat ramai dengan berbagai percakapan terutama di masa pandemic yang mengharuskan masyarakat mengurangi interaksi secara langsung. Dalam penelitian ini, sample yang digunakan adalah 10 tagar dibidang sosial politik yang viral dan memicu diskursus panjang di masyarakat luas dan pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan secara umum, tagar di Indonesia ditinjau dari aspek sociocultural dapat dibagi menjadi 3 tujuan atau intepretasi. Pertama, tagar yang bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan kritik dan kekecewaan baik kepada pemerintah maupun lembaga lain yang tercermin dari tagar #thekingoflipservice, #MauKritikTapiTakutUUITE, dan #AllEnglandOpen2021UnFair. Kedua, tagar yang bertujuan untuk melalukan mobilisasi isu, wacana, dan kebijakan yang terefleksi dari tagar #beranijujurpecat, #TolakJilbabPaksa, #BTSMeal, tagar terkait untuk stay at home, dan dorongan untuk berpartisipasi melakukan vaksinasi. Ketiga, tagar yang bertujuan untuk menunjukkan solidaritas dan nasionalisme yang terafiliasi dari tagar #savepalestine dan #Indonesiasaysorryforthailand. Penelitian ini juga mengungkap bahwa masyarakat Indonesia sangat senang berdiskusi, menyatakan pendapat, dan melakukan kritik kepada pemeintah. Dari sisi ini tercermin tingkat partispasi warga dalam demokasi sudah cukup memuaskan meskipun masih banyak ruang untuk perbaikan

Meme sebagai Cerminan Berpikir Kritis Warganet di Ruang Siber (Kajian Semiotik Pragmatik)

Isu pemindahan ibu kota sudah menjadi wacana dari beberapa pemerintahan sebelumnya. Namun, pada era kepemimpinan saat ini diumumkan secara resmi tentang niatan tersebut. Tepat sekitar Agustus lalu presiden mengumumkan secara resmi tentang pemindahan ibu kota dan sekaligus lokasi yang strategis untuk dijadikan ibu kota baru. Sebagai bentuk pro dan kontra muncul berbagai tanggapan dari masyarakat. Meme merupakan salah satu bentuk tanggapan yang paling sering muncul di dunia siber khususnya media sosial sebagai bentuk tanggapan atas kebijakan ini. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus yang menggunakan meme dan tanggapan warganet sebagai data penelitian. Untuk memahami tanda dan makna serta tanggapan dari warganet melalui teori multimodal, semiotik pragmatik, kebebasan berekspresi, dan berpikir kritis. Melalui penelitian ini penulis ingin mengetahui bagaimana tanda, makna serta tanggapan warganet yang muncul dalam meme merupakan bentuk perkembangan berpikir kritis terhadap sebuah kebijakan pemerintah. Dalam kajian ini pengumuman resmi dari presiden tentang “pemindahan ibu kota” dimaknai sebagai tanda, sedangkan pemunculan berbagai meme terkait, dimaknai sebagai reaksi masyarakat untuk menunjukkan pro dan kontra atas keputusan tersebut. Melalui pemunculan meme, warganet mencoba untuk berekspresi, berpendapat, serta mengkritik terhadap kebijakan pemerintah tentang pemindahan ibu kota. Pada akhirnya temuan dari analisis ini akan mendeskripsikan tentang bagaimana pola berpendapat, berkomentar, dan berpikir kritis di ruang siber. Kata Kunci: Semiotik-pragmatik, tanda dan makna, berpikir kritis, mem

Increasing English Reading Comprehension Through Literary Text Extensive Reading Program

The research objective is to improve reading comprehension skills through an extensive program of reading literary texts. It used a mixed method. Research participants are 5th-semester students who receive extensive reading (2) courses in the 2020-2021 academic year at Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika Jakarta as many as 70 students. There are two data used in this study, namely 1) qualitative data taken using a questionnaire. Qualitative data were analyzed using transcribed and encoded, organized, categorized, and taking concluding. 2) Quantitative data were taken from the pre-test and post-test. The test data were analyzed using a t-test. The results of the study show that overall an extensive reading program with literary texts has an impact on improving English reading comprehension. Students also have a positive perception of the extensive reading program because they can build interest in reading and reading habit