Understanding the protective effect of social support on depression symptomatology from a longitudinal network perspective

Background: Higher social support protects people from developing mental disorders. Limited evidence is available on the mechanism through which social support plays this protective role. Objective: To investigate the stress-buffering process of social support on depressive symptoms using a novel longitudinal dynamic symptom network approach. Methods: A total of 4242 adult participants who completed the first two waves (from May to October 2020) of the International Covid Mental Health Survey were included in the study. Cross-lagged panel network modelling was used to estimate a longitudinal network of self-reported social support, loneliness and depressive symptoms. Standardised regression coefficients from regularised cross-lagged regressions were estimated as edge weights of the network. Findings: The results support a unidirectional protective effect of social support on key depressive symptoms, partly mediated through loneliness: A higher number of close confidants and accessible practical help was associated with decreased anhedonia (weight=-0.033) and negative self-appraisal symptoms (weight=-0.038). Support from others was also negatively associated with loneliness, which in turn associated with decreased depressed mood (weight=0.086) and negative self-appraisal (weight=0.077). We identified a greater number of direct relationships from social support to depressive symptoms among men compared with women. Also, the edge weights from social support to depression were generally stronger in the men's network. Conclusions: Reductions in negative self-appraisal might function as a bridge between social support and other depressive symptoms, and, thus, it may have amplified the protective effect of social support. Men appear to benefit more from social support than women. Clinical implications: Building community-based support networks to deliver practical support, and loneliness reduction components are critical for depression prevention interventions after stressful experiences

Analysis of Health-Related Quality of Life and Incurred Costs Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Tuberculosis, and Tuberculosis/HIV Coinfected Outpatients in Indonesia

Objectives: A growing interest in healthcare costs and patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) exists in the context of the increasing importance of health technology assessment in countries with high numbers of the HIV and tuberculosis (TB) patient populations, such as Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the HRQoL and out-of-pocket (OOP) costs of HIV, TB, and TB/HIV coinfected participants in a city in Indonesia with a high prevalence of HIV and TB.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in the voluntary counseling and testing and lung clinics of Bekasi City Public Hospital (Indonesia) from January to March 2018. Patients’ HRQoL was measured using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire, whereas OOP costs were extracted from a semistructured questionnaire.Results: Of the 460 eligible participants, 82% resided in the city, 48% of them were married, and their median age was 34 years. Less than half were insured, and more than half had no source of income. The median values of health utilities for participants with HIV, TB, and TB/HIV were perceived as potentially high (1.0, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively). The TB/HIV coinfected outpatients had the highest OOP costs (US$94.5), with the largest contribution coming from direct medical OOP expenditures. Taking loans from family members was adopted as a financial strategy to overcome inadequate household incomes and high treatment costs.Conclusion: This study suggests that TB/HIV coinfection potentially lowers HRQoL and increases healthcare costs and the need for economic analysis to underpin cost-effective treatment in such patients.</p

Hubungan Karakteristik Terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Kanker Payudara yang Menjalani Kemoterapi di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang: Relationship between Characteristics and Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy at RSUP. Dr. Kariadi Semarang

Kanker payudara merupakan kanker yang paling umum dijumpai pada wanita dan merupaka kanker yang dominan di Indonesia. Pengobatan kanker seperti kemoterapi dapat berdampak pada kualitas hidup pasien baik fisik, psikologis, maupun sosial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik terhadap kualitas hidup pasien kanker payudara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dekstriptif dengan desain cross sectional study. Kualitas hidup pasien diukur menggunaan kuisioner EORTC QLQ-C30. Sampel penelitian ini adalah pasien kanker payudara di RSUP Dr Kariadi Semarang yang telah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji statistik Mann-Whitney dan Kruskal Wallis. Dari hasil analisis karakteristik usia, pendidikan, pendapatan, status pernikahan, stadium kanker dan jenis kemoterapi memiliki hubungan terhadap status kesehatan global, skala fungsional dan skala gejala. Sedangkan pada karakteristik status pekerjaan tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakan (p &gt; 0,05) terhadap status kesehatan global, skala fungsional dan skala gejal

Predicting Health Related Quality of Life in Indonesian Post Myocardial Infarction Patients

Myocardial infarction is one of chronic illnesses that has a major impact to patient’s health related quality of life. This study tested three psychosocial factors (i.e. religious coping behaviour, cardiac anxiety and marital satisfaction) and two disease-related factors (i.e. left ventricular ejection fraction, comorbidity) in predicting health related quality of life in patients with post myocardial infarction in Indonesia. A cross sectional study included 170 patients with myocardial infarction was conducted. The patients completed four questionnaires: MacNew Health Related Quality of Life, Couple Satisfaction Index, Cardiac anxiety Questionnaire, and religious coping behaviour. The theoretical model was tested using structural equation modelling.  Results revealed that cardiac anxiety was negatively associated with health-related quality of life. Marital satisfaction was a significant moderator in the relationship between cardiac anxiety and health related quality of life. There were no significant relationships among patient’s comorbidity, left ventricular ejection fraction, religious coping behaviour and health related quality of life. Results of the study shed the light of the importance of protective effects of patient’s immediate environment in shaping patient’s health related quality of life

The cost-effectiveness of social distancing measures for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in a highly-populated country: A case study in Indonesia

Background: As one of the strategies to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic, social distancing (SD) measures are recommended to control disease spread and reduce the attack rate. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the costs and effects of SD measures through school closures, workforce, and community contact reductions for mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. Methods: Two mitigation scenarios of SD for 1 month and continuous SD were compared with the baseline (no intervention). A modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) compartmental model accounting for disease spread during the latent period was applied by considering a 1-year time horizon. The costs of healthcare, school closures, and productivity loss due to disease as well as intervention were considered to estimate the total pandemic cost among all scenarios. Results: In a comparison with the baseline, the result showed that total savings in scenarios of SD for 1 month and continuous SD was approximately $415 billion and$699 billion, respectively, while the averted deaths were 4.6 million and 8.5 million, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that basic reproduction number, infectious period, daily wage, incubation period, daily ICU admission cost, and case fatality rate were the most influential parameters affecting the savings and the number of averted deaths. Conclusions: SD measures through school closures, workforce, and community contact reductions were concluded to be cost-saving. Increasing the duration of social distancing tends to increase both the savings and the number of averted deaths

Quality of Life of Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy in Indonesia: A Comparison of EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-5L, Based on Patients’ Characteristics

One of the important outcomes to define the success of cancer treatment is the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that can be measured using generic and/or specific instruments. Our study aims to define the cancer patients’ HRQoL in some hospitals in Indonesia as measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EQ-5D-5L, to define the differences of cancer patients’ HRQoL referring to patients’ characteristics, and to explore determinants of cancer patients’ HRQoL. We recruited 451 cancer patients using a cross-sectional design in two referral hospitals in Central Java, Indonesia, using the purposive sampling technique. All subjects, recruited from July 2020 to October 2021, met the inclusion criteria, namely, adult patients diagnosed with cancers in all stages who willingly participated in the study. The Indonesian value set was used to obtain the EQ-5D-5L index score. We further analyzed the data based on cancer stages and compared two questionnaires using independent t test. We highlighted that most of the cancer patients are female (69.4%), young (86%), and at advanced stages of cancer (54.1%). The physical and role functions and global health status of the cancer patients are poor, and the most severe symptom is fatigue. Moreover, most of them experience severe pain and perform daily activities with difficulties. Some patients’ characteristics show significant influences on the HRQoL domains in both questionnaires (p<0.05). Interestingly, both of the questionnaires have shown significant correlations between similar domains and revealed the poor HRQoL of advanced cancer patients (p<0.05). Our study finds that cancer patients still have poor HRQoL in some domains. We suggest to the health providers that they apply education and psychological intervention to increase their HRQoL

Hasil cek similarity" Quality of Life of Cancer Patients during Chemotherapy in Indonesia: A Comparison of EORTC QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-5L, Based on Patients’ Characteristics

One of the important outcomes to defne the success of cancer treatment is the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) that can be measured using generic and/or specifc instruments. Our study aims to defne the cancer patients’ HRQoL in some hospitals in Indonesia as measured by the European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer (EORTC QLQ-C30) and the EQ5D-5L, to defne the diferences of cancer patients’ HRQoL referring to patients’ characteristics, and to explore determinants of cancer patients’ HRQoL. We recruited 451 cancer patients using a cross-sectional design in two referral hospitals in Central Java, Indonesia, using the purposive sampling technique. All subjects, recruited from July 2020 to October 2021, met the inclusion criteria, namely, adult patients diagnosed with cancers in all stages who willingly participated in the study. Te Indonesian value set was used to obtain the EQ-5D-5L index score. We further analyzed the data based on cancer stages and compared two questionnaires using independent t test. We highlighted that most of the cancer patients are female (69.4%), young (86%), and at advanced stages of cancer (54.1%). Te physical and role functions and global health status of the cancer patients are poor, and the most severe symptom is fatigue. Moreover, most of them experience severe pain and perform daily activities with difculties. Some patients’ characteristics show signifcant infuences on the HRQoL domains in both questionnaires (p < 0.05). Interestingly, both of the questionnaires have shown signifcant correlations between similar domains and revealed the poor HRQoL of advanced cancer patients (p < 0.05). Our study fnds that cancer patients still have poor HRQoL in some domains. We suggest to the health providers that they apply education and psychological intervention to increase their HRQoL

Understanding the protective effect of social support on depression symptomatology from a longitudinal network perspective

Background: Higher social support protects people from developing mental disorders. Limited evidence is available on the mechanism through which social support plays this protective role. Objective: To investigate the stress-buffering process of social support on depressive symptoms using a novel longitudinal dynamic symptom network approach. Methods: A total of 4242 adult participants who completed the first two waves (from May to October 2020) of the International Covid Mental Health Survey were included in the study. Cross-lagged panel network modelling was used to estimate a longitudinal network of self-reported social support, loneliness and depressive symptoms. Standardised regression coefficients from regularised cross-lagged regressions were estimated as edge weights of the network. Findings: The results support a unidirectional protective effect of social support on key depressive symptoms, partly mediated through loneliness: A higher number of close confidants and accessible practical help was associated with decreased anhedonia (weight=-0.033) and negative self-appraisal symptoms (weight=-0.038). Support from others was also negatively associated with loneliness, which in turn associated with decreased depressed mood (weight=0.086) and negative self-appraisal (weight=0.077). We identified a greater number of direct relationships from social support to depressive symptoms among men compared with women. Also, the edge weights from social support to depression were generally stronger in the men's network. Conclusions: Reductions in negative self-appraisal might function as a bridge between social support and other depressive symptoms, and, thus, it may have amplified the protective effect of social support. Men appear to benefit more from social support than women. Clinical implications: Building community-based support networks to deliver practical support, and loneliness reduction components are critical for depression prevention interventions after stressful experiences