Невербальная коммуникация с точки зрения теории социального обмена и теории социального влияния

This article presents the main assumptions of the Social Exchange Theory and the Theory of Social Impact. Both theories allow us to analyze the impact of communication acts on both the benefits and costs as well as on the intensity of the impact of a given human communicator on another member of an interaction setup in different social contexts. The discussion presented here allows us to formulate the rules governing nonverbal communication in terms of both of these theories. These rules, called here the principles of nonverbal communication, are graded in relation to the Principles of Interaction discussed in this article.В данной статье представлены главные постулаты теории социального обмена и теории социального влияния. Обе теории дают возможность анализа коммуникационных актов как со стороны выгод и потерь, так и со стороны интенсивности влияния одного коммуникатора на другого в социальном взаимодействии. Представленная здесь дискуссия дает возможность сформулировать правила, управляющие невербальной коммуникацией с точки зрения обеих теорий. Эти правила, называемые правилами невербальной коммуникации (ПНК/ZKN) являются иерархическими по отношению к правилам взаимодействия (ПИ/ZI), обсуждаемым в данной статье.Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznani

Some notes on ecophonetics: the problem of sound distinctiveness, sound sustainability, and the sustainability of vowel systems in contact conditions as exemplified by the standard Polish vowel system in contact with the Kashubian vowel system

In the paper, an assumption is forwarded that if sound systems are brought to a contact setting, inter-entity distinctiveness is usually distorted. In the psycholinguistic sense of the word, it means that in the perception process, a particular sound of a less favoured system may be downgraded or even ridiculed. This generally places a given sound system in a weaker position sustainability-wise. It is assumed that the process may involve the presence and operation of the phenomenon of ethnic nepotism.In the paper, an assumption is forwarded that if sound systems are brought to a contact setting, inter-entity distinctiveness is usually distorted. In the psycholinguistic sense of the word, it means that in the perception process, a particular sound of a less favoured system may be downgraded or even ridiculed. This generally places a given sound system in a weaker position sustainability-wise. It is assumed that the process may involve the presence and operation of the phenomenon of ethnic nepotism

Applied linguistics as a manifestation of exo-, meso- and endo-symbiosis

An assumption is made that applied linguistics may be viewed as an outcome of an interplay of a dichotomy of endogenous and exogenous symbionts, mediated by important mesogenous symbionts acting jointly within the domain of language and communication. All of them form a system of bifurcations which may generally be called ‘a flow tool-language design’ or The Bifurcational Model of Symbiosis (BiMoS). In this model, bifurcations form a ‘grammar of bifurcations’ whose power is symbiotic in the overall functioning of language. Furthermore, the occurrence of the above mentioned types of symbionts on the language side allows for a division of ‘linguolabourese’ (or the whole ‘life of language’ as opposed to ‘instrumentolabourese’, or the whole ‘life of tools’) into three more or less distinct and interconnected areas of symbiosis: the exogenous area, the mesogenous area, and the endogenous area, respectively. The afore mentioned areas further justify a division of linguistics into three respective types: exogenous (exo-) linguistics, mesogenous (meso-) linguistics, and endogenous (endo-) linguistics. Their subdomains of interest vary but are highly interconnected, blended and synergistic. Applied linguistics is viewed here as belonging predominantly to (or taking theoretical and practical interest in) the mesogenous and endogenous areas of linguolabourese, though it is strongly supported by the underlying exogenous area.An assumption is made that applied linguistics may be viewed as an outcome of an interplay of a dichotomy of endogenous and exogenous symbionts, mediated by important mesogenous symbionts acting jointly within the domain of language and communication. All of them form a system of bifurcations which may generally be called ‘a flow tool-language design’ or The Bifurcational Model of Symbiosis (BiMoS). In this model, bifurcations form a ‘grammar of bifurcations’ whose power is symbiotic in the overall functioning of language. Furthermore, the occurrence of the above mentioned types of symbionts on the language side allows for a division of ‘linguolabourese’ (or the whole ‘life of language’ as opposed to ‘instrumentolabourese’, or the whole ‘life of tools’) into three more or less distinct and interconnected areas of symbiosis: the exogenous area, the mesogenous area, and the endogenous area, respectively. The afore mentioned areas further justify a division of linguistics into three respective types: exogenous (exo-) linguistics, mesogenous (meso-) linguistics, and endogenous (endo-) linguistics. Their subdomains of interest vary but are highly interconnected, blended and synergistic. Applied linguistics is viewed here as belonging predominantly to (or taking theoretical and practical interest in) the mesogenous and endogenous areas of linguolabourese, though it is strongly supported by the underlying exogenous area

W sprawie konieczności zachowania przedludzkich systemów komunikacyjnych (bezjęzykowych) w kontekście zachowania bioróżnorodności

On the basis of the existing and unquestioned linguistic stance, a division of all the living creatures inhabiting the Earth into those which do not have language (i.e. prehuman and languageless) and those who have language (i.e. the genus Homo sapiens) is postulated. The paper briefly discusses a rich diversity of communication modes occurring in the domain of the prehuman communication systems, such as the auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, electric, thermal, and seismic ones, with appropriate graphic illustrations. Furthermore, on the basis of the phenomenon of the observable shrinking of this diversity and the key position of the human species, it postulates the necessity of preserving this diversity in the context of biodiversity. This major postulate is in accord with the need to intensify attempts to preserve biodiversity as well as preserve the remaining diversity on the level of the prehuman communication systems as a major challenge of modern humanity. In this context, the human species is considered here as the species of the ‘overseers’ and ‘archivers’ of all the existing communication systems existing on the Earth as the carrier of the tree of life.On the basis of the existing and unquestioned linguistic stance, a division of all the living creatures inhabiting the Earth into those which do not have language (i.e. prehuman and languageless) and those who have language (i.e. the genus Homo sapiens) is postulated. The paper briefly discusses a rich diversity of communication modes occurring in the domain of the prehuman communication systems, such as the auditory, visual, tactile, olfactory, electric, thermal, and seismic ones, with appropriate graphic illustrations. Furthermore, on the basis of the phenomenon of the observable shrinking of this diversity and the key position of the human species, it postulates the necessity of preserving this diversity in the context of biodiversity. This major postulate is in accord with the need to intensify attempts to preserve biodiversity as well as preserve the remaining diversity on the level of the prehuman communication systems as a major challenge of modern humanity. In this context, the human species is considered here as the species of the ‘overseers’ and ‘archivers’ of all the existing communication systems existing on the Earth as the carrier of the tree of life

Роль комп’ютерних ігор в сучасному освітньому просторі

The present article entitled ”The role of computer games in present-day educational space” presents a view that this space should be understood as realized in two dimensions: the physical dimension of the traditional school and in the virtual dimension, partly formalized in school conditions and partly realized outside the space of the school, that is, in the more comfortable conditions of the globalized cyberspace represented by the computer net. Such a radical enlargement of formal educational space is both inevitable and irrecoverable. In this way, the traditional Platonic system of education is further strengthened, despite some negative traits of such a tendency. The positive aspects of the dynamic changes accomplished in present-day educational space are duly emphasized.Стаття «Роль комп’ютерних ігор в сучасному освітньому просторі» представляє погляд, згідно з яким ігровий простір сприймається як такий, що підлягає двом вимірам: виміру традиційної школи і виміру віртуальному. Віртуальний вимір як частина глобального кіберпростору набагато комфортніший. Наявність цього простору є неминучою. Таким чином, традиційна Платонівська система освіти є підкріплена багатьма позитивними особливостями віртуального простору.Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu1815715