Caracterización de sistemas de producción y estrategias de comercialización de las explotaciones de cerdo ibérico de Extremadura (España)

Resumo: Caraterização dos sistemas de produção e estratégias de marketing de explorações de suínos ibéricos na Extremadura (Espanha). A produção extensiva de porcos ibéricos é muito importante para a Extremadura em 2012 pois representou um 13% da produção agrícola total. Atualmente, o setor está a passar por uma crise estrutural que ameaça a sobrevivência de muitas explorações agrícolas. Os agricultores estão a tomar decisões que afetam o sistema extensivo tradicional, com o risco que isso representa para o meio ambiente e áreas rurais. O objetivo deste projeto é ampliar e aprofundar o conhecimento das explorações de suínos localizadas na Extremadura, utilizando parâmetros produtivos e comerciais. Para isso, analisámos os dados obtidos através de inquéritos a gerentes e proprietários de explorações extensivas de suínos. Foram identificados diferentes indicadores relacionados com a exploração, que permitiram identificar, por meio de análise fatorial e de análise de cluster, as melhores estratégias adotadas pelos agricultores para se adaptarem à nova situação do setor. Os resultados mostraram que as melhores estratégias são a orientação das explorações mistas com bovinos e suínos. Dentro do suíno extensivo, a opção de ração a bolota teve os melhores resultados económicos, sendo a estratégia de maior rendimento a das explorações que não têm reprodutoras, mas que compram os leitões para os engordar a ração de bolota; Abstract: Characterization of production systems and marketing strategies of Iberian pig farms in Extremadura (Spain) Extensive pig production systems are very important for Extremadura as they represented about 13 % of 2012 Final Agricultural Production. Nowadays, the sector is going through a structural crisis that is threatening the subsistence of many farms. The producers are taking decisions that may affect the extensive traditional farming systems with the risk that it entails both for environment and for rural areas. The aim of this study is to widen and to deepen the knowledge about pig farms located in Extremadura using both productive and commercial parameters. To that aim we have analyzed data obtained through surveys to owners and farm managers of extensive Iberian pig farms. Different indicators related to farm management have been defined. The analysis of these indicators by means of factor analysis and cluster analysis, has allowed the identification of the best strategies adopted by the farmers to adapt themselves to the present market situation. Results have shown that the best strategies are based on the orientation towards mixed livestock farming where pigs share the farms with cattle. Within the extensive pig production, mast-fed fattening has yielded the best economic results. Nevertheless, those pig farms without sows where piglets are bought to be mast-fed fattened reached the higher performance

Hydrodynamic changes in Guadalquivir estuary (Spain) due to a hypothetical tidal marsh restoration project

Tidal marsh restoration will be an important management issue in Guadalquivir Estuary in the near future. The Guadalquivir Estuary has been anthropologically modified several times, the river is bounded by embankments to protect rice and cotton plantations from tidal inundation, the meanders have been transformed into straight sections, about 80 % of the original marsh surface has been lost and approximately one-fourth of the total surface of the estuary is now part of two protected areas, one of them is a UNESCO, MAB Biosphere Reserve. A hypothetical restoration of tidal marshes will benefits different species and functions based on location, elevation, adjacent habitats, degree of hydrodynamic connectivity and would reduce the present high levels of turbidity. The restoration projects should be accompanied by studies for a better understanding of the environmental changes expected. A Large-scale construction of tidal marsh will change tidal dynamics, modify the tidal inundation regime and the freshwater flow over the surrounding areas. A hydrodynamic model has been developed to study changes in the tidal propagation and the flow regime due to a hypothetical marsh restoration. The model has been calibrated and the output has been validated with in situ water elevation and good agreement between modelled and real measurements have been obtained. A sensitivity test changing the size, locations from the estuary mouth and depth has been carried out to highlights impacts over the tidal propagation, flow regime, salinity intrusion and the tidal inundation regime. Our preliminary results show that the tidal elevation and the current speed will be considerably affected in the estuary. The model open the possibility to study interactions among the tidal marsh restoration project, Seville port operations, fisheries and agricultural activities. The numerical model will be a powerful tool in restoration projects in a complex socio-ecological system.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Autoridad Portuaria de Sevill

Une Nouvelle Laïcité Multiculturelle

L"apport de cet article réside dans le concept de « laïcité multiculturelle ». Dans les sociétés du XXIe siècle, ce concept représente un progrès vers une égalité de différences où toutes les croyances et religions seraient traitées de façon égalitaire. Le principe de laïcité a constitué un pas en avant vers une plus grande égalité des droits, en Europe la démarche a été au début du XXe siècle. Un siècle plus tard, l"impact sans précédents du phénomène international des migrations a rendu les sociétés européennes multiculturelles de nouveau. Dans ce nouveau cadre, la conception traditionnelle de la laïcité, au lieu d"assurer l"égalité des droits, est devenu un principe arbitraire nuisant, plus particulièrement à la communauté musulmane. Pour surmonter le trait discriminatoire de la conception traditionnelle de laïcité envers certaines confessions, un nouveau concept s"avère nécessaire, celui d"une « laïcité multiculturelle » fondée sur l"égalité de différences et le dialogue égalitaire entre les différentes cultures

Modeling changes in the tidal propagation and its implication for vessel navigation in Guadalquivir estuary ( Spain)

The Port of Seville is an inland harbour located in the Guadalquivir Estuary some 80 km from the river mouth and is the unique Spanish inland port. Vessel traffic in the estuary is a relevant economic activity and a suitable trade-off between vessel draught and safety to prevent ship aground is required and to optimize the port operability. The Guadalquivir is a mesotidal estuary with tidal range of 2-3 m, an important fraction of the minimum depth of the navigation waterway (presently 6.5m). Upstream navigation is favoured around high water as the tide progresses at 12 knots, which is comparable to the vessel speed, thus allowing greater vessel draughts. Oceanwards navigation of heavy vessels, on the contrary, is hampered by the tide because a low water is unavoidably met when heading downstream. A 3D, high resolution hydrodynamic model has been implemented in the whole estuary to study the tidal propagation. The model is forced by the oceanic tide at the mouth and freshwater discharges controlled by an upstream dam at the head. It has been satisfactorily validated and predicts tidal oscillations with high accuracy (less than 4 cm in amplitude and 20 min in phase everywhere in the estuary). Based on the model outputs of tidal heights and currents and using present-day estuary bathymetry, a MATLAB application has been developed for shipping planning (Vessel Traffic Decision Support System, VTDSS). The application allows the final users to test different traffic scheduling scenarios in order to assess the effects on navigational patterns and explore possible management and policy scenarios under sea level rise and changes in tidal propagation. A description of the model and an overview of the VTDSS are presented here; the effectiveness as a decision support tool is demonstrated via the simulated navigation time of several vessels.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Autoridad Portuaria de Sevill

Caracterización de las patologías de los puentes peatonales en la localidad de Usaquén

Trabajo de InvestigaciónLa tesis desarrollada en el presente documento se basa en un inventario de los puentes peatonales de la localidad de Usaquén, los mismos fueron analizados bajo el contexto del manual para la inspección visual de puentes y pontones del INVIAS, con el objetivo de identificar las patologías y daños que se presentan en los puentes a través del tiempo como consecuencia de los materiales utilizados, lo anterior se realizó con el ánimo de entregar información pertinente y relevante a esta entidad para contribuir con la conservación de los puentes, así como también ayudar a prevenir tragedias que puedan involucrar peatones. Adentrándonos en el contenido es importante resaltar una de las principales problemáticas evidenciadas en los puentes, como lo es el drenaje deficiente, consecuencia de esto se presentan diferentes tipos de daños en las estructuras de los mismos. Algunos ejemplos observados en los puentes de concreto, son la carbonatación y eflorescencia, fenómenos que se dan porque en los poros del concreto se introduce agua, ocasionando que en el acero de refuerzo se presente corrosión, quitándole propiedades, impidiendo así, su funcionamiento correcto. Ahora bien, en los puentes metálicos, la corrosión es el daño más frecuente identificado en las estructuras inspeccionadas.INTRODUCCIÓN 1. GENERALIDADES 2. CARACTERIZACIÓN DE ELEMENTOS DE PUENTES PEATONALES PARA EL DISEÑO DE FICHAS DE INSPECCIÓN. 3. REALIZACIÓN DE INSPECCIÓN Y EVALUACIÓN DE PUENTES PEATONALES Y ANÁLISIS DE RESULTADOS. 4. SUGERENCIA PARA ACCIONES DE INTERVENCIÓN PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO DE LAS PATOLOGÍAS PRESENTES EN LOS PUENTES PEATONALES OBJETO DE ESTUDIO. CONCLUSIONES RECOMENDACIONES REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ANEXOSPregradoIngeniero Civi

El papel del trabajo social en el Sueño de Barrio

Una de las preocupaciones importantes en el mundo del trabajo social es la calidad de las comunicaciones dentro de la Red de Servicios Sociales y la fluidez y operatividad de las relaciones de ésta con el entorno y personas para las que trabaja. De ello depende la calidad vida de gran parte de la ciudadanía de los pueblos y los barrios de nuestras ciudades. A través de la experiencia que se está llevando a cabo en dos barrios de Albacete veremos cómo la metodología de Comunidades de Aprendizaje es también un valioso instrumento para transformar la Red, reelaborándola a partir del sueño conjunto entre profesionales del trabajo social, entidades, la comunidad de aprendizaje y las personas participantes-usuarias de la Red. El acento, en este artículo, se sitúa en la posición que las personas profesionales del trabajo social ocupan en este"Sueño de barrio" y la importancia del fomento de los actos comunicativos dialógicos en su práctica profesional como garantía de mejora y transformación social

El tratamiento moderno del aborto : tesis de doctorado

El verso de las h. en blanco. Tesis de doctorado leída en la Universidad Central el 30 de junio de 1902.Universidad Central (Madrid)TRUEProQuestpu

El tratamiento moderno del aborto : tesis de doctorado

CFP: Visual anthropology and contemporary South Asian history (Cambridge, April 2014) Call for papers: ‘Visual anthropology and contemporary South Asian history’ Conference, University of Cambridge, 4 – 5 April 2014 (http://www.crassh.cam.ac.uk/events/25024) CFP deadline: 3 January 2014 Conveners: Dr Annamaria Motrescu-Mayes (University of Cambridge) and Prof. Marcus Banks (University of Oxford). The Centre of South Asian Studies (CSAS), University of Cambridge, and the Centre for Research ..