1,046 research outputs found
Living terraces: from reuse in traditional architecture to César Manrique and Souto de Moura’s work with time
En las últimas décadas del siglo XX, el especial interés que demostraron arquitectos como César Manrique y Eduardo
Souto de Moura por el paisaje de terrazas agrícolas, utilizándolas como argumento para la integración de sus obras en el medio,
permitió recuperar ciertas estrategias de transferencia entre agricultura y arquitectura propias de la arquitectura tradicional. El
hábitat troglodita en la ciudad excavada de Matera, la continuidad de los bancales pétreos incas de Machu Picchu o la evolución de
la terraza irrigada del Generalife constituyen claros ejemplos de la lógica de un proceso de transformación que no distingue entre
disciplinas. La consideración de estos elementos del patrimonio mundial, puestos en relación con ciertas obras emblemáticas de
la arquitectura contemporánea, permite apreciar la reciente incorporación de estrategias de intervención que amplían significativamente
la posibilidad de transformación sensible del medio agrícola para el espacio habitable. A través del uso de nuevos materiales,
resulta viable la conversión de las terrazas agrícolas en paisajes donde la arquitectura, el territorio, la ruina y el cultivo se confunden.
La consideración del bancal en la memoria del territorio y en el trabajo con el tiempo, por otra parte, sugiere la necesidad de renovar
un patrimonio vivo, a menudo carente de toda protección, que podría conformar, en diálogo con la arquitectura actual, un nuevo
legado para el futuro.In the last decades of the 20th century, the special interest shown by architects such as César Manrique and
Eduardo Souto de Moura in terraced agricultural landscapes, using them as an argument for the integration of their works in the
environment, made it possible to revive certain transference strategies between agriculture and architecture commonly found in
traditional architecture. The troglodyte habitat in the excavated city of Matera, the continuity of the Inca stone terraces of Machu
Picchu or the evolution of the irrigated terrace of the Generalife are clear examples of the logic of a transformation process that does
not distinguish between disciplines. The consideration of these elements of World Heritage, placed in relation to certain emblematic
works of contemporary architecture, allows us to appreciate the recent incorporation of intervention strategies that significantly
extend the possibility of sensitive transformation of the agricultural environment into living space. The use of new materials enables
the conversion of agricultural terraces into landscapes where architecture, territory, ruins and cultivation come together. Considering
the terraces as part of the memory of the territory and in work about time, on the other hand, suggests the need to renew a living
heritage, often lacking any protection, which could form, in dialogue with current architecture, a new legacy for the future
Infrastructure and memory: from Geddes’ agricultural terraces to Beigel’s overlapping landscapes
Estudios como los desarrollados en la ciudad de Edimburgo por parte de Patrick Geddes permiten apreciar la especial sensibilidad de ciertos urbanistas de comienzos del siglo XX hacia la reutilización y el reciclaje de las huellas físicas y psicológicas de las infraestructuras agrícolas, superando aquellas visiones limitadas que establecían fronteras conceptuales demasiado rígidas entre el campo y la ciudad. Se trata de una perspectiva que trasciende a la clasificación de los paisajes y hunde sus raíces en un concepto amplio de patrimonio y territorio. La posibilidad de intuir la formas y las actividades futuras a partir de las preexistencias y sus infraestructuras anticipa algunas de las cuestiones que ciertos arquitectos y paisajistas desarrollaron a partir de la década de 1960. Alejados de los principios meramente figurativos, las continuidades inducidas en sus proyectos permiten explorar tanto los restos materiales encontrados como sus huellas y relaciones, en una constante búsqueda de procesos y argumentos capaces de vincular el pasado agrícola y sus infraestructuras con el futuro de unas ciudades que no dejan de extenderse sobre el territorio.Studies such as those undertaken in the city of Edinburgh by Patrick Geddes can help us to appreciate the particular sensitivity of certain town planners of the early twentieth century to the reuse and recycling of physical and psychological traces of agricultural infrastructure, overcoming the limited visions that established rigid conceptual boundaries between town and country. It is a perspective that transcends the classification of landscapes and is rooted in a broad concept of heritage and territory. The ability to infer future forms and activities from pre-existing infrastructures anticipates some of the issues that some architects and landscapers developed from the 1960s. Far from being purely figurative principles, the different forms of continuity elicited in their projects allow us to explore both the found material remains and their effects and relationships, in a constant search for processes and arguments able to link the agricultural past and its infrastructures with the future of cities that continue to expand over the territory
Premio tesis X BIAU "El Patrimonio Fértil. Transferencias entre el paisaje agrario y la arquitectura en los crecimientos urbanos"
La comunicación se refiere al contenido de la investigación desarrollada en la tesisCon motivo de la celebración de la X Bienal Iberoamericana de Arquitectura y Urbanismo en la ciudad de Sao Paulo, y tras la obtención del Premio Tesis Doctoral por parte del autor, se realiza una breve exposición del trabajo de investigación desarrollado en las distintas partes de la tesis, estableciendo una relación directa con el tema del congreso: Desplazamientos = Deslocaçoes. El problema principal que se aborda es el crecimiento urbano sobre el paisaje agrario en multitud de ciudades de todo el mundo y la necesidad de ampliar la noción de patrimonio sobre estos territorios sometidos a procesos sistemáticos de sustitución. Como estrategia, se propone una mirada amplia y abierta por parte de la arquitectura sobre el suelo fértil capaz de establecer un diálogo productivo con el territorio desde la asimilación de las multiples capas históricas del legado cultural (tecnológico y artistico) que pueden ser descubiertas.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech
Proximate control and adaptive potential of protandrous migration in birds
Migration determines where, when, and in which order males and females converge for reproduction. Protandry, the earlier arrival of males relative to females at the site of reproduction, is a widespread phenomenon found in many migratory organisms. Detailed knowledge of the determinants of protandry is becoming increasingly important for predicting how migratory species and populations will respond to rapid phenological shifts caused by climatic change. Here, we review and discuss the potential mechanisms underlying protandrous migration in birds, focusing on evidence from passerine species. Latitudinal segregation during the non-breeding period and differences in the initiation of spring migration are probably the key determinants of protandrous arrival at the breeding sites, while sexual differences in speed of migration appear to play a minor role. Experimental evidence suggests that differences between the sexes in the onset of spring migratory activity are caused by differences in circannual rhythmicity or by photoperiodic responsiveness. Both of these mechanisms are hardwired and could prevent individuals from responding plastically to chronic changes in temperature at the breeding grounds. As a consequence, adaptive changes in both the timing of arrival in spring and of reproduction will require evolutionary (genetic) changes of the cue-response systems underlying the initiation and extent of migration in both males and female
New Techniques and Algorithms for Multiobjective and Lexicographic Goal-Based Shortest Path Problems
Shortest Path Problems (SPP) are one of the most extensively studied problems in the fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Operations Research (OR). It consists in finding the shortest path between two given nodes in a graph such that the sum of the weights of its constituent arcs is minimized. However, real life problems frequently involve the consideration of multiple, and often conflicting, criteria. When multiple objectives must be simultaneously optimized, the concept of a single optimal solution is no longer valid. Instead, a set of efficient or Pareto-optimal solutions define the optimal trade-off between the objectives under consideration.
The Multicriteria Search Problem (MSP), or Multiobjective Shortest Path Problem, is the natural extension to the SPP when more than one criterion are considered. The MSP is computationally harder than the single objective one. The number of label expansions can grow exponentially with solution depth, even for the two objective case. However, with the assumption of bounded integer costs and a fixed number of objectives the problem becomes tractable for polynomially sized graphs. A wide variety of practical application in different fields can be identified for the MSP, like robot path planning, hazardous material transportation, route planning, optimization of public transportation, QoS in networks, or routing in multimedia networks.
Goal programming is one of the most successful Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques used in Multicriteria Optimization. In this thesis we explore one of its variants in the MSP. Thus, we aim to solve the Multicriteria Search Problem with lexicographic goal-based preferences. To do so, we build on previous work on algorithm NAMOA*, a successful extension of the A* algorithm to the multiobjective case. More precisely, we provide a new algorithm called LEXGO*, an exact label-setting algorithm that returns the subset of Pareto-optimal paths that satisfy a set of lexicographic goals, or the subset that minimizes deviation from goals if these cannot be fully satisfied. Moreover, LEXGO* is proved to be admissible and expands only a subset of the labels expanded by an optimal algorithm like NAMOA*, which performs a full Multiobjective Search.
Since time rather than memory is the limiting factor in the performance of multicriteria search algorithms, we also propose a new technique called t-discarding to speed up dominance checks in the process of discarding new alternatives during the search. The application of t-discarding to the algorithms studied previously, NAMOA* and LEXGO*, leads to the introduction of two new time-efficient algorithms named NAMOA*dr and LEXGO*dr , respectively.
All the algorithmic alternatives are tested in two scenarios, random grids and realistic road maps problems. The experimental evaluation shows the effectiveness of LEXGO* in both benchmarks, as well as the dramatic reductions of time requirements experienced by the t-discarding versions of the algorithms, with respect to the ones with traditional pruning
Tolerance to mutations in the foot-and-mouth disease virus integrin-binding RGD region is different in cultured cells and in vivo and depends on the capsid sequence context.
Engineered RNAs carrying substitutions in the integrin receptor-binding Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) region of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) were constructed (aa 141-147 of VP1 capsid protein) and their infectivity was assayed in cultured cells and suckling mice. The effect of these changes was studied in the capsid proteins of two FMDVs, C-S8c1, which enters cells through integrins, and 213hs(-), a derivative highly adapted to cell culture whose ability to infect cells using the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (HS) as receptor, acquired by multiple passage on BHK-21 cells, has been abolished. The capsid sequence context determined infectivity in cultured cells and directed the selection of additional replacements in structural proteins. Interestingly, a viral population derived from a C-S8c1/L144A mutant, carrying only three substitutions in the capsid, was able to expand tropism to wild-type (wt) and mutant (mt)glycosaminoglycan-deficient CHO cells. In contrast, the 213hs(-) capsid tolerated all substitutions analysed with no additional mutations, and the viruses recovered maintained the ability of the 213hs(-) parental virus to infect wt and mt CHO cells. Viruses derived from C-S8c1 with atypical RGD regions were virulent and transmissible for mice with no other changes in the capsid. Substitution of Asp143 for Ala in the C-S8c1 capsid eliminated infectivity in cultured cells and mice. Co-inoculation with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody directed against the type C FMDV RGD region abolished infectivity of C-S8c1 virus on suckling mice, suggesting that FMDV can infect mice using integrins. Sequence requirements imposed for viral entry in vitro and in vivo are discussed
El valor del suelo habitacional y la intervención de agentes externos Valle de Bravo, Estado de México
Como parte fundamental de los estudios de planeación se encuentra el territorio, el suelo como componente esencial de la estructura urbana y sustento de las diferentes actividades realizadas por el hombre, cobra singular importancia al momento que el valor, el uso y los agentes que en ellos interviene se vuelven factores que impulsan o retraen el desarrollo de un lugar, trayendo como consecuencia segregaciones sociales. De ahí que en este trabajo se da a conocer, a partir del caso de Valle de Bravo, la infl uencia que ejercen los agentes externos en los cambios del valor de suelo habitacional, tomando como punto de partida la evolución del patrón de ocupación del suelo y las actividades económicas
Gender differences over initial a validation of a test under construction to asses Emotional Intelligence at a sample of students from Secondary Education
El objetivo fue elaborar un cuestionario para evaluar la Inteligencia Emocional
(IE) destinado a una muestra juvenil. Se contó con una muestra de 557
participantes. Como instrumentos de evaluación se emplearon un test
elaborado para la evaluación de la IE, junto con una adaptación propia de la
EHS (Gismero, 2000). Los resultados obtenidos reflejan niveles de fiabilidad
aceptables. Las dimensiones esperadas fueron diferentes para ambos géneros,
apareciendo intercorrelaciones positivas entre los totales y las dimensiones que
lo conforman. Este cuestionario se muestra como instrumento adecuado para
evaluar estas capacidades en la población juvenil, siendo más indicado aplicar
el análisis a ambos géneros por separadoThe objective of this paper is to develop a questionnaire to assess Emotional
Intelligence (EI), aimed at a sample of students from Secondary Education..We
focused on 557.The techniques used in this survey are a test developed to
assess EI in teenagers and a similar adaptation of EHS (Gismero, 2000). The
results show high levels of reliability for both genders. The dimensions are
different (4 girls and 5 boys) for both genders. There are positive correlations
between totals and the dimensions that make them. We found significant
correlations between the two scales. Therefore this questionnaire is an
appropriate tool to evaluate these capabilities after making some modifications
in future works. It is more appropriate to apply the analysis separatel
Influence of fear in academic achievement of the teenager: the pluricultural context of Ceuta
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo conocer los tipos y relaciones del Miedo y el Rendimiento Académico (RA) en alumnado, de 12 a 18 años, en la ciudad de Ceuta. Se contó con 557 participantes, que reflejan las características de un contexto pluricultural. El 54.2% fueron chicas, el 45.8% varones, el 64.5% musulmanes, el 35.5% cristianos. Como instrumentos de evaluación se han empleado la adaptación de Ascensio, Vila, Robles-García, Páez, Fresán y Vázquez (2012) del Inventario de Miedo para Niños (FSSC-II) y las calificaciones de los alumnos. Se reflejan niveles medio-bajos de miedo y medios en RA, influyendo en ellos las sociodemográficas de edad y cultura/religión. El género sólo influye en el Miedo y el estatus en el RA. Se obtuvo relación estadísticamente significativa entre Miedo y RA.We want to reflect the types of Fear and Academic Achievement (AA), and the influence over each other, of teenagers from 12 to 18 in Ceuta. We focused on 557 participants that reflect multicultural features; 45.8% are boys, 54.2% girls; 64.5% are Muslims and 35.5% Christians. The techniques used in this survey are FSSC-II (Ascensio et al., 2012), as well as the children's grades. The results show mid-low levels on Fear and medium in Achievement. They are influenced in a very different way by the sociodemographic factors of age and customs/religion. The gender factor only affects the fear variable and socioeconomic and cultural on Achievement. We have also found a statistically significant relationship between Fear and Academic Achievement
Miedo y habilidades sociales en el contexto pluricultural de Ceuta
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo fundamental conocer los tipos, niveles y relaciones del Miedo y las Habilidades
Sociales del alumnado de la ciudad de Ceuta. Se contó con 1186 participantes, de 9 centros educativos distintos, que
reflejan la pluriculturalidad de la ciudad; de los cuales, el 57’8% son niñas y el 42’2% varones, y el 58’9% de cultura/
religión musulmana y el 41’1% cristianos. Como instrumentos de evaluación se emplearon la adaptación de Ascensio,
Vila, Robles-García, Páez, Fresán y Vázquez (2012) del Inventario de Miedo para Niños (FSSC-II) y la de Matesanz
(2006) del Inventario de Temores (FSS), junto con la EHS (Escala de Habilidades Sociales, Gismero, 2000). Los resultados
reflejan niveles medios de Miedo y medio-altos en las Habilidades Sociales, influyendo en ellas las sociodemográficas de
edad, sexo, cultura/religión y estatus socio-económico-cultural. Existe relación entre Miedo y las Habilidades Sociales,
aumentado estas últimas a medida que descienden las puntuaciones en Miedo.The main objective of this paper is to reflect the types and levels of Fear and Social Skills, and the influence over each
other, of students in the city of Ceuta. We focused on 1186 participants from 9 different educational institutions; 42.2%
are boys and 57.8% girls; 58.9% are Muslims and 41.1% Christians. The techniques used in this survey are Fear Survey
Schedule for Children (FSSC-II), adapted for its use in the Spanish language by Ascensio, et al. (2012),the Matesanz,
(2006) adaptation of Fear Survey Schedule, as well as the EHS (Gismero, 2000).The results show medium levels on
Fear and medium-high levels on Social Skills, and they are influenced by the sociodemographic factors of age, gender,
customs/religion and socioeconomic and cultural. We have also found a relationship between Fear and Social Skills
- …