264 research outputs found
Deviations from Matthiessen rule and resistivity saturation effects in Gd and Fe
According to earlier first-principles calculations, the spin-disorder
contribution to the resistivity of rare-earth metals in the paramagnetic state
is strongly underestimated if Matthiessen's rule is assumed to hold. To
understand this discrepancy, the resistivity of paramagnetic Fe and Gd is
evaluated by taking into account both spin and phonon disorder. Calculations
are performed using the supercell approach within the linear muffin-tin orbital
method. Phonon disorder is modeled by introducing random displacements of the
atomic nuclei, and the results are compared with the case of fictitious
Anderson disorder. In both cases the resistivity shows a nonlinear dependence
on the square of the disorder potential, which is interpreted as a resistivity
saturation effect. This effect is much stronger in Gd than in Fe. The
non-linearity makes the phonon and spin-disorder contributions to the
resistivity non-additive, and the standard procedure of extracting the
spin-disorder resistivity by extrapolation from high temperatures becomes
ambiguous. An "apparent" spin-disorder resistivity obtained through such
extrapolation is in much better agreement with experiment compared to the
results obtained by considering only spin disorder. By analyzing the spectral
function of the paramagnetic Gd in the presence of Anderson disorder, the
resistivity saturation is explained by the collapse of a large area of the
Fermi surface due to the disorder-induced mixing between the electronic and
hole sheets.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Spectral signatures of thermal spin disorder and excess Mn in half-metallic NiMnSb
Effects of thermal spin disorder and excess Mn on the electronic spectrum of
half-metallic NiMnSb are studied using first-principles calculations.
Temperature-dependent spin disorder, introduced within the vector disordered
local moment model, causes the valence band at the point to broaden
and shift upwards, crossing the Fermi level and thereby closing the
half-metallic gap above room temperature. The spectroscopic signatures of
excess Mn on the Ni, Sb, and empty sites (Mn, Mn,
and Mn) are analyzed. Mn is spectroscopically
invisible. The relatively weak coupling of Mn and Mn
spins to the host strongly deviates from the Heisenberg model, and the spin of
Mn is canted in the ground state. While the half-metallic gap is
preserved in the collinear ground state of Mn, thermal spin
disorder of the weakly coupled Mn spins destroys it at low
temperatures. This property of Mn may be the source of the
observed low-temperature transport anomalies.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figures, updated version with minor revisions and an
additional figure, accepted in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communication
Genetic diversity analysis of mango cultivars using inter simple sequence repeat markers
The determinants of hotels' marketing managers' green marketing behaviour
Little is known about the factors underlying the pro-environmental behaviour of marketing managers. This paper explores the determinants of green marketing practices in the Red Sea hotel sector in Egypt. The research model assesses green marketing practices against the personal and organisational values of the marketing managers, together with a range of organisational and demographic variables expected to influence hotels' environmental behaviour. From a valid sample of 89 marketing managers responsible for 194 hotels, it was found that organisational contextual variables, and in particular targeting Western tourists, being affiliated to an international hotel chain and the marketers' own demographics, including age, academic subject studied and gender, were the best predictors of more proactive green marketing. Personal environmental values did not explain the pro-environmental behaviour of marketers, and the organisational environmental values that had explained part of their ethical behaviour had resulted from voluntarism rather than utilitarian or conformance-based values. Government policies also appeared to be ineffective determinants. The implications for green marketing practices are also discussed. © 2010 Taylor & Francis
Gapless quantum spin liquid in the triangular system SrCuSbO
We report gapless quantum spin liquid behavior in the layered triangular
SrCuSbO (SCSO) system. X-ray diffraction shows superlattice
reflections associated with atomic site ordering into triangular Cu planes
well-separated by Sb planes. Muon spin relaxation (SR) measurements show
that the moments at the magnetically active Cu sites remain
dynamic down to 65 mK in spite of a large antiferromagnetic exchange scale
evidenced by a large Curie-Weiss temperature
-143 K as extracted from the bulk susceptibility. Specific heat measurements
also show no sign of long-range order down to 0.35 K. The magnetic specific
heat () below 5 K reveals a
+ behavior. The
significant contribution to the magnetic specific heat invites a
phenomenology in terms of the so-called Dirac spinon excitations with a linear
dispersion. From the low- specific heat data, we estimate the dominant
exchange scale to be 36 K using a Dirac spin liquid ansatz which is not
far from the values inferred from microscopic density functional theory
calculations ( 45 K) as well as high-temperature susceptibility analysis
( 70 K). The linear specific heat coefficient is about 18 mJ/mol-K
which is somewhat larger than for typical Fermi liquids.Comment: 16 pages, 21 figures, including supplementary material. A Dirac spin liquid scenario has been put forward to explain the
field-dependent specific heat data. Comments are welcom
Angular momentum transport in accretion disks
We reexamine arguments advanced by Hayashi & Matsuda (2001), who claim that
several simple, physically motivated derivations based on mean free path theory
for calculating the viscous torque in a quasi-Keplerian accretion disk yield
results that are inconsistent with the generally accepted model. If correct,
the ideas proposed by Hayashi & Matsuda would radically alter our understanding
of the nature of the angular momentum transport in the disk, which is a central
feature of accretion disk theory. However, in this paper we point out several
fallacies in their arguments and show that there indeed exists a simple
derivation based on mean free path theory that yields an expression for the
viscous torque that is proportional to the radial derivative of the angular
velocity in the accretion disk, as expected. The derivation is based on the
analysis of the epicyclic motion of gas parcels in adjacent eddies in the disk.Comment: Matches published versio
Machine Learning for Health: Algorithm Auditing & Quality Control
Developers proposing new machine learning for health (ML4H) tools often pledge to match or even surpass the performance of existing tools, yet the reality is usually more complicated. Reliable deployment of ML4H to the real world is challenging as examples from diabetic retinopathy or Covid-19 screening show. We envision an integrated framework of algorithm auditing and quality control that provides a path towards the effective and reliable application of ML systems in healthcare. In this editorial, we give a summary of ongoing work towards that vision and announce a call for participation to the special issue Machine Learning for Health: Algorithm Auditing & Quality Control in this journal to advance the practice of ML4H auditing
Overall and cancer related mortality among patients with ocular inflammation treated with immunosuppressive drugs: retrospective cohort study
Context Whether immunosuppressive treatment adversely affects survival is unclear
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