Tumor phenotype and breast density in distinct categories of interval cancer: results of population-based mammography screening in Spain

Introduction: Interval cancers are tumors arising after a negative screening episode and before the next screening invitation. They can be classified into true interval cancers, false-negatives, minimal-sign cancers, and occult tumors based on mammographic findings in screening and diagnostic mammograms. This study aimed to describe tumor-related characteristics and the association of breast density and tumor phenotype within four interval cancer categories. Methods: We included 2,245 invasive tumors (1,297 screening-detected and 948 interval cancers) diagnosed from 2000 to 2009 among 645,764 women aged 45 to 69 who underwent biennial screening in Spain. Interval cancers were classified by a semi-informed retrospective review into true interval cancers (n = 455), false-negatives (n = 224), minimal-sign (n = 166), and occult tumors (n = 103). Breast density was evaluated using Boyd’s scale and was conflated into: 75%. Tumor-related information was obtained from cancer registries and clinical records. Tumor phenotype was defined as follows: luminal A: ER+/HER2- or PR+/HER2-; luminal B: ER +/HER2+ or PR+/HER2+; HER2: ER-/PR-/HER2+; triple-negative: ER-/PR-/HER2-. The association of tumor phenotype and breast density was assessed using a multinomial logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: Forty-eight percent of interval cancers were true interval cancers and 23.6% false-negatives. True interval cancers were associated with HER2 and triple-negative phenotypes (OR = 1.91 (95% CI:1.22-2.96), OR = 2.07 (95% CI:1.42-3.01), respectively) and extremely dense breasts (>75%) (OR = 1.67 (95% CI:1.08-2.56)). However, among true interval cancers a higher proportion of triple-negative tumors was observed in predominantly fatty breasts (<25%) than in denser breasts (28.7%, 21.4%, 11.3% and 14.3%, respectively; <0.001). False-negatives and occult tumors had similar phenotypic characteristics to screening-detected cancers, extreme breast density being strongly associated with occult tumors (OR = 6.23 (95% CI:2.65-14.66)). Minimal-sign cancers were biologically close to true interval cancers but showed no association with breast density. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that both the distribution of tumor phenotype and breast density play specific and independent roles in each category of interval cancer. Further research is needed to understand the biological basis of the overrepresentation of triple-negative phenotype among predominantly fatty breasts in true interval cancers

Rúbriques per a l'avaluació de competències

Podeu consultar la versió castellana a recurs relacionat.Aquest Quadern és una introducció a l’ús de rúbriques per a l’avaluació dels aprenentatges en l’Educació Superior. Basat en el curs «Elaboració de rúbriques per a l’avaluació de les competències transversals», organitzat per l’Institut de Ciències de l’Educació de la Universitat de Barcelona, ha recollit el resultat de la participació de professorat d’enenyaments diversos de la UB, amb la ánalitat de col·laborar interdisciplinàriament en l’elaboració de rúbriques per avaluar les competències transversals, en primer lloc, i d’elaborar rúbriques sobre les pròpies assignatures en segon lloc.Per tal d’elaborar les rúbriques sobre les competències transversals, s’han definit les competències, s’han establert indicadors i criteris d’avaluació. Considerem que el resultat de l’anàlisi, de les definicions, dels indicadors i de les mateixes rúbriques, no és generalitzable però constitueix un material de primera mà per al desenvolupament i implementació de les rúbriques en l’avaluació de les assignatures a partir dels models oferts

Adherence to the Western, Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns and breast cancer risk: MCC-Spain study

Objective To externally validate the previously identified effect on breast cancer risk of the Western, Prudent and Mediterranean dietary patterns. Study design MCC-Spain is a multicase-control study that collected epidemiological information on 1181 incident cases of female breast cancer and 1682 control cases from 10 Spanish provinces. Three dietary patterns derived in another Spanish case-control study were analysed in the MCC-Spain study. These patterns were termed Western (high intakes of fatty and sugary products and red and processed meat), Prudent (high intakes of low-fat dairy products, vegetables, fruits, whole grains and juices) and Mediterranean (high intake of fish, vegetables, legumes, boiled potatoes, fruits, olives, and vegetable oil, and a low intake of juices). Their association with breast cancer was assessed using logistic regression models with random province-specific intercepts considering an interaction with menopausal status. Risk according to tumour subtypes ? based on oestrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptors (ER+/PR+&HER2-; HER2+; ER-/PR-&HER2-) ? was evaluated with multinomial regression models. Main outcome measures Breast cancer and histological subtype. Results Our results confirm most of the associations found in the previous case-control study. A high adherence to the Western dietary pattern seems to increase breast cancer risk in both premenopausal women (OR4thvs.1stquartile(95%CI):1.68(1.02;2.79); OR1SD-increase(95%CI): 1.19(1.01;1.40)) and postmenopausal women (OR4thvs.1stquartile(95%CI):1.48(1.07;2.05); OR1SD-increase(95%CI): 1.14(1.01;1.28)). While high adherence to the Prudent pattern did not show any effect on breast cancer, the Mediterranean dietary pattern seemed to be protective, but only among postmenopausal women (OR4thvs.1stquartile (95%CI):0.72(95% CI 0.53;0.98); p-int = 0.075). There were no significant differences by tumour subtype. Conclusion Dietary recommendations based on a departure from the Western dietary pattern in favour of the Mediterranean diet could reduce breast cancer risk in the general population.The study was funded by Carlos III Institute of Health grants (PI12/00488, PI12/00265, PI12/00715, PI12/01270, PI09/00773 and PI08/1770), by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (IJCI-2014-20900) and by Consejería de Salud de la Junta de Andalucía (PI-0571- 2009 and PI-0306-2011) competitive calls including peer review for scientific quality. Additional funding was provided by the Spanish Federation of Breast Cancer Patients (FECMA: EPY 1169- 10), the Association of Women with Breast Cancer from Elche (AMACMEC:EPY 1394/15), the Marqués de Valdecilla foundation (grant API 10/09), ) and by Acción Transversal del Cancer, approved by the Spanish Ministry Council on October 11, 2007. None of the funders played any role in conducting research or writing the paper

Rúbricas para la evaluación de competencias

Podeu consultar la versió catalana a recurs relacionat.[spa] Este cuaderno es una introducción al uso de rúbricas para la evaluación de los aprendizajes en educación superior. Basado en el curso «Elaboración de rúbricas para la evaluación de competencias transversales», organizado por el Institut de Ciències de l’Educació de la Universitat de Barcelona, recoge el resultado de la participación del profesorado de distintas enseñanzas de la UB, con la finalidad de colaborar interdisciplinariamente en la elaboración de rúbricas para evaluar las competencias transversales, en primer lugar, y de elaborar rúbricas sobre las propias asignaturas, en segundo lugar. Para elaborar las rúbricas sobre las competencias transversales, se han definido las competencias y se han establecido indicadores y criterios de evaluación. Consideramos que el resultado del análisis, de las definiciones, de los indicadores y de las propias rúbricas no es generalizable, pero constituye un material de primera mano para el desarrollo e implementación de las rúbricas en la evaluación de las asignaturas a partir de los modelos ofrecidos.[eng] This book is an introduction to the use of rubrics for the evaluation of learnings in Higher Education. Based on the course «How to prepare rubrics for the evaluation of transversal competences», organized by the Institut of Learning Sciences of the University of Barcelona, and it’s the result of the participation of professorship from different departments of the UB, with the purpose of interdisciplinarily collaborating in the preparation of rubrics to evaluate transversal competences and to elaborate rubrics on the own subjects. To make rubrics about transversal competences, we define them and establish indicators and criteria of evaluation. We think that the result of the analysis, definitions, indicators and the own rubrics cannot be generalized, but it’s a firsthand material for the development and implementation of the rubrics in the evaluation of subjects based at offered models

Breast cancer epidemiology: mammographic screening and molecular subtypes

The aim of this thesis is to carry out an in-depth study of various aspects of breast cancer epidemiology. Firstly, we have confirmed that DCIS incidence in Girona has increased over recent decades. Proportions of screen-detected cancers, interval cancers and non-screen-detected cancers during the start-up phase of the mammographic screening programme were found to be 42.2%, 5.8% and 52.2%, respectively. Secondly, we have found that luminal A-like was the most frequent subtype associated with the best survival rate, while triple-negative breast cancer was related to the lowest survival rate. Importantly, we have concluded that breast cancer molecular subtype defined by IHC biomarkers provides prognostic value, regardless of age, tumour size, histological grade, lymph node involvement and method of detection. Finally, we have demonstrated that method of detection also provides prognostic value regardless of age, tumour size, histological grade, lymph node involvement and breast cancer molecular subtype defined by IHC biomarkers.L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és realitzar aprofundir en diversos aspectes de l'epidemiologia del càncer de mama. Hem confirmat que la incidència del DCIS a Girona ha augmentat en les últimes dècades. Les proporcions dels càncers detectats mitjançant el programa de cribratge, fora d’aquest i els càncers d'interval van ser del 42,2%, 52,2% i 5,8%, respectivament. Per altra banda, el subtipus amb la supervivència més elevada i més baixa van ser el luminal A-like i el triple negatiu, respectivament. És important destacar que el subtipus molecular de càncer de mama definit per biomarcadors determinats amb tècniques d’IHC proporciona valor pronòstic, independentment de l'edat, la mida, el grau histològic, l’afectació dels ganglis i el mètode de detecció. Finalment, hem demostrat que el mètode de detecció del càncer també proporciona valor pronòstic independentment de l'edat, la mida, el grau histològic, l'afectació dels ganglis i el subtipus molecular

Population-based incidence of myeloid malignancies: fifteen years of epidemiological data in the province of Girona, Spain

Myeloid malignancies (MMs) are a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies presenting different incidence, prognosis and survival.1–3 Changing classifications (FAB 1994, WHO 2001 and WHO 2008) and few available epidemiological data complicate incidence comparisons.4,5 Taking this into account, the aims of the present study were: a) to calculate the incidence rates and trends of MMs in the Province of Girona, northeastern Spain, between 1994 and 2008 according to the WHO 2001 classification; and b) to predict the number of MMs cases in Spain during 2013. Data were extracted from the population-based Girona Cancer Registry (GCR) located in the north-east of Catalonia, Spain, and covering a population of 731,864 inhabitants (2008 census). Cases were registered according to the rules of the European Network for Cancer Registries and the Manual for Coding and Reporting Haematological Malignancies (HAEMACARE project). To ensure the complete coverage of MMs in the GCR, and especially myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), a retrospective search was performed. The ICD-O-2 (1990) codes were converted into their corresponding ICD-O-3 (2000) codes, including MDS, polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) as malignant diseases. Results of crude rate (CR) and European standardized incidence rate (ASRE) were expressed per 100,000 inhabitants/yea

Incidence and survival of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in Girona (Spain): a populationbased study, 1993-2007

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is a very rare blood cancer observed mostly in the elderly. Here we report the incidence trends and survival of patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia over a 15-year period (1993-2007). Cases were provided by the population-based Girona Cancer Registry. The crude incidence rate was 0.72/100,000 inhabitants/year. No statistically significant increase in trends was detected over the 15 years. Median overall survival was 28 months although survival markedly decreased with advancing age. The 5-years observed and relative survival were 20% and 29%, respectively. This is the first population-based study that reports the incidence and survival of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia in Spai

Evaluation of the interval cancer rate and its determinants on the Girona health region’s early breast cancer detection program

The main aim of this study is to estimate the rate of false negative and true IC on the Program for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer (PEDBC) run by the Girona Health Region (GHR) and compare the clinicopathological characteristics of these tumors with those detected within the same program. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including all women participating on the Girona PEDBC between 2000 and 2006, with negative mammography screening. The IC included are those detected between the first and second round of screening and between the second and third round. Results: We identified a total of 43 IC, representing an incidence rate of 0.70 cases per 1,000 screened women. Of the 43 probable IC, we were able to classify a total of 22 (51.2%) cases. Of these 22 cases, 54.5% were classified as true interval tumors, 13.6% false negatives, 18.2% occult tumors and the remaining 13.6% minimal sign. We found significant differences in some clinicopathological characteristics of the IC comparing with the tumors detected within the program during the same period. Conclusions: The IC rate for the PEDBC is within the expected parameters, with a high proportion of cases of true interval cancers (54.5%) and a low proportion of false negatives (13.6%). The results show that the proportional incidence of IC is within the limits set by European Guidelines. Furthermore, it has been confirmed that IC display more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics than screening breast cancer