Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Polifenol Selada Merah (Lactuca sativa L. var. Crispa) pada Media Tanam dengan Pemberian Asam Humat

Red lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. Crispa) is a commercial plant and as a producer of polyphenols. Polyphenols have benefits as antioxidants. Increasing the polyphenol content in the plants can be done by increasing the biomass of plant growth. Humic acid is bioorganic that contains macro and micro nutrients so that can increase growth. Humic acid can also increase the activity of the enzyme PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase) which can increase the content of polyphenols. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of humic acid on growth and polyphenol content of red lettuce and also to determine the concentration humic acid in increasing growth and polyphenol content of red lettuce. This research carried out using an experimental method of Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments consisted of four humic acid levels with concentrations of 0 g.kg­-1, 4 g.kg­-1, 8 g.kg­-1, and 12 g.kg­-1 in five repetition. Parameters that observed are number of leaves, wet weight, dry weight, and polyphenol content. The research carried out at the Greenhouse and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Jendral Soedirman University from November 2021 to February 2022. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA test with a test level of 0,05 and 0,01, with Duncan's further test at a test level of 0,05. The results showed that the administration of humic acid was able to increase the growth and polyphenol content of red lettuce with the most efficient concentration of 6,45 g.kg­-1.Selada merah (Lactuca sativa L. var. Crispa) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang memiliki nilai komersial dan berperan sebagai penghasil polifenol. Polifenol memiliki manfaat yang sangat luas, salah satunya adalah sebagai antioksidan. Peningkatan kandungan polifenol pada tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan biomassa tanaman. Asam humat merupakan biorganik yang mengandung unsur hara makro dan mikro sehingga dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Asam humat juga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas enzim PAL (Phenilalanin amonia lyase) yang dapat meningkatkan kandungan polifenol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh asam humat terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan polifenol selada merah serta menentukan konsentrasi asam humat yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kandungan polifenol selada merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode eksperimental Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan terdiri atas empat konsentrasi asam humat yaitu 0 g.kg­-1, 4 g.kg­-1, 8 g.kg­-1, dan 12 g.kg­-1 dengan lima kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah jumlah daun, bobot basah, bobot kering, dan kandungan polifenol. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Greenhouse dan Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan, Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jendral Soedirman dari November 2021 sampai Februari 2022. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA dengan taraf uji 0,05 dan 0,01, dengan uji lanjut Duncan pada taraf uji 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian asam humat mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kandungan polifenol selada merah dengan konsentrasi paling efisien 6,45  g.kg­-1

Malay Apple (Syzygium malaccense) Fruit Calendar: A Case in Central Java

 AbstractMalay apple (Syzygium malaccense) is a kind of popular fruit tree originally from Indo-Malayan-Region or South East Asia. There are many environmental factors affecting the flowering time, infrutescence number, fruit size, and fruit number, such as fruit position on the spur, spur size, fruit number set on the spur, and the date of flowering. The objectives of this study were to find out the fruit production during dry and wet seasons, so that fruit calendar can be determined.  The method used in this study was survey and observation on Malay apple trees in Banyumas, Purbalingga, and Kebumen from 2018 to 2021. The results of this study showed that June, July, and August when the precipitation was the lowest, the fruit number is the highest, and fruit size is the smallest (145–175 mL). On the other hand, when the precipitation was high (September-April), the fruit was the largest (180–500 mL).  Fruit harvest time might change every year depending on climatic factors such as average daily temperature and precipitation. There is no specific harvest time for Malay apples. The implementation of the results of this research is that we do not need to predict when the Malay apple harvest season will be, because the harvest time can be at any time.AbstrakJambu bol (Syzygium malaccense) merupakan salah satu jenis pohon buah-buahan populer yang berasal dari Wilayah Indo-Malayan atau Asia Tenggara. Banyak faktor lingkungan yang memengaruhi waktu berbunga, jumlah bunga, ukuran buah, dan jumlah buah, seperti posisi buah pada tajuk, ukuran tajuk, jumlah buah tiap dompol, dan tanggal berbunga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produksi buah pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan, sehingga dapat ditentukan kalender buah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei dan observasi pada pohon jambu bol di Banyumas, Purbalingga, dan Kebumen dari tahun 2018 sampai dengan tahun 2021. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada bulan Juni, Juli, dan Agustus curah hujan paling rendah, jumlah buahnya paling tinggi, dan ukuran atau volume buahnya relatif  paling kecil (145–175 mL). Sebaliknya, ketika curah hujan rata-rata tinggi (September-April), buahnya berukuran besar, dengan volume 180–500 mL. Waktu panen buah dapat berubah setiap tahun tergantung pada faktor iklim seperti suhu harian rata-rata dan curah hujan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada waktu yang spesifik untuk waktu panen jambu bol. Implementasi dari hasil penelitian ini adalah bahwa kita tidak perlu memprediksi kapan musim panen jambu bol, karena waktu panen bisa kapan saja

Efek inokulasi PGPR terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman padi fase vegetative di media salinitas tinggi

Rhizobakteria merupakan kelompok bakteri yang hidup di perakaran tanaman yang bermanfaat bagi pertumbuhan tanaman melalui kemampuan menghasilkan IAA. Rhizobakteria dapat hidup di berbagai kondisi lingkungan, salah satunya di lahan salin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji efek Plant-Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria bagi tanaman padi pada fase vegetatif di media dengan silinitas tinggi, dan mendapatkan isolat yang paling efektif meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif padi varietas Inpari Unsoed 79 Agritan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Agronomi dan Hortikultura, dan Screenhouse Experimental Farm Fakultas Pertanian UNSOED pada bulan Oktober 2019-Januari 2020. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan diulang 4 kali. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini antara lain kontrol, JA2, JB1, JB2, JD1, dan JE1 pada medium cair AB Mix dengan tingkat salinitas 5 dSm-1. Inokulasi PGPR meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman padi pada fase vegetatif. Bobot kering tanaman, panjang akar, kehijauan daun, luas daun, tinggi tanaman masing-masing meningkat sebesar 130%, 108%, 19%, 50%, 21% dengan inokulasi PGPR pada medium dengan salinitas tinggi.   Rhizobacteria are a group of bacteria that live in rhizozphere of plant which are beneficial for plant growth through the ability to produce IAA. Rhizobacteria can live in various environmental conditions, one of which is in saline fields. The research goal was to study the effect of PGPR for rice plants in the vegetative phase in high salinity media and to find the most effective isolates in increasing vegetative growth of Inpari Unsoed 79 Agritan rice. This research was conducted at the Agronomy and Horticulture Laboratory, and the screenhouse of Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, UNSOED in October 2019-January 2020. This research was arranged by using a Randomized Complete Block Design and repeated 4 times. The treatments in this study included control, JA2, JB1, JB2, JD1, and JE1 in AB Mix liquid medium with a salinity level of 5 dSm-1. The inoculation of rhizobacteria can increase the rice plant growth at vegetative phase. The plant biomass, root length, leaf greenness, leaf area, plant height increased by 130%, 108%, 19%, 50%, 21% respectively by PGPR inoculation of medium with high salinity

Effects Of Humic Acid And Planting Media On Antioxidant Production In The Medicinal Plant Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.)

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis L.) is a medicinal plant that contains active compounds such as flavonoids and alkaloids that are important as antioxidants. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of humic acid concentration in different planting media on the antioxidant content. The main factor of this experiment was the concentration of humic acid added to the planting media at concentrations of 0, 4, 8, and 12 g kg-1. The second factor was the planting medium, of which there were three types: sand/soil (1 kg kg-1), husk/soil (1 kg kg-1), and zeolite/soil (0.5 kg kg-1). We determined the biomass, antioxidant content (polyphenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids), and IC50 values of valerian plants grown in various media. Our results show that the combination of the humic acid and planting medium affected the antioxidant content and activity in valerian plants. In particular, the planting medium containing zeolite and 8 g kg-1 of humic acid increased the antioxidant content and activity. From the result it can be concluded that a combination of humic acid and zeolite medium can be applied for valerian’s farmer

Pengaruh Asam Humat pada Media Tanam Zeolit terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Vitamin C Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea)

Green mustard (Brassica juncea) as one of the commonly consumed vegetables and acts as one of the main sources of C vitamin in addition to fruits. C  vitamin is needed for the body because it has antioxidant. Humic acid is a component of organic acid soil which can increase the production of food crops and plantations. Zeolites have a hollow structure that allows use as a carrier of humic acid. Aside from being a career zeolite which is applied with humic acid can act as an ameliorant material, this is useful in increasing crop production. The objectives of this study are to determine the effect of humic acid with zeolite planting media on the growth and content of C vitamin on green mustard plants and determine the concentration of humic acid which most influences the growth and content of C vitamin in green mustard plants. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Green House, Faculty of Biology, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto using an experimental method. The study was carried out from January  to February 2019 using an experimental design namely Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The parameters were the number of leaves, wet weight and dry weight of roots, stems, leaves and C vitamin. The data obtained will be analyzed by analysis of variance at the confidence level of 95% and 99%, if the results are significantly different then continued with LSD at 95%. The results showed that application of humic acid in zeolite planting media had a very significant effect on growth and C vitamin content of green mustard greens. Humic acid with a concentration of 4 g.kg-1 is the most efficient concentration in increasing growth and C vitamin content of green mustard greens.Sawi hijau (Brassica juncea) sebagai salah satu sayuran yang umum dikonsumsi dan berperan sebagai salah satu sumber vitamin C utama disamping buah-buahan. Vitamin C sangat dibutuhkan untuk tubuh karena memiliki daya antioksidan. Asam humat merupakan komponen asam organik tanah yang dapat meningkatkan produksi tanaman pangan dan perkebunan. Zeolit memiliki struktur berongga yang memungkinkan digunakan sebagai karier asam humat. Selain sebagai karier zeolit yang diaplikasikan dengan asam humat dapat berperan sebagai bahan amelioran, hal ini bermanfaat dalam peningkatan produksi tanaman. Penelitian  ini bertujuan  untuk  mengetahui  efek asam humat dengan media tanam zeolit terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan vitamin C pada tanaman sawi hijau dan mengetahui konsentrasi asam humat yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan vitamin C pada tanaman sawi hijau. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Tumbuhan dan Green House, Fakultas Biologi Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto dengan menggunakan metode eksperimental. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari Januari 2019 hingga Februari 2019 menggunakan rancangan percobaan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Parameter yang digunakan yaitu jumlah daun, berat basah dan berat kering akar, batang, daun serta kandungan vitamin C. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis dengan analisis ragam pada taraf kepercayaan 95% dan 99%, analisis dilanjutkan dengan analisis BNT 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian asam humat pada media tanam zeolit memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan kandungan vitamin C sawi hijau. Asam humat dengan konsentrasi 4 g.Kg-1 merupakan konsentrasi yang paling efisien dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kandungan vitamin C sawi hijau

Rizofiltrasi Logam Pb (Plumbum) pada beberapa Jenis Tumbuhan Air

The research about rhizofiltration of Pb in several species of aquatic plant had been conducted in a greenhouse of Biology Faculty, Jenderal Soedirman University. The aims of this research were to evaluate the aquatic plant species which has Pb accumulative characteristic and to determine Pb concentration tolerated by those plants. This research was used experimental method with split plot design. The main plot was kind of aquatic plant of Hydrilla verticillata (L.f), Pistia stratiotes L, and Salvinia molesta D.S.Mitchell. The Pb (NO3)2 concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15 mg/l were as sub plot.   Each treatment was replicated for 3 times. The parameter observed were biomass (raw weight and dry weight), the Pb absorbed whether in root and shoot, and chlorophyll content. Data collected were analyzed using F test continued by LSD. The result of this research showed that both Pistia and Salvinia planted in 10 mg/l media were able to accumulate high Pb concentration. However, Pistia were able to accumulate Pb concentration mostly in root and only part be translocated in shoot. Whereas Salvinia was able to translocate Pb concentration in shoot higher than those in of Pistia.  The implications of these results for rhizofiltration are discussed

Cadmium (Cd) Absorption and Phenol Content in Pogostemon Exposed to Heavy Metals

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is an important plant used by industrial facilities to absorb cadmium (Cd) in polluted land. We performed an experiment using plant medium polluted with both Cd and lead (Pb) with added humic acid. The aims of this study were to 1) determine the effects of humic acid in growth medium contaminated with Cd and Pb on the absorption of Cd and phenol content in patchouli, and 2) determine the Cd tolerance level of the growth media. A completely randomized factorial design was used for the experiment with two factors. The heavy metals were a combination of pure PbNO3 and Cd (PC) with a ratio 1 : 1, and included five concentrations: PC0 (without PbNO3 and without Cd); PC1 (250 ppm PbNO3 + 250 ppm Cd); PC2 (500 ppm PbNO3 + 500 ppm Cd); PC3 (750 ppm PbNO3 + 750 ppm Cd); PC4 (1,000 ppm PbNO3 + 1,000 ppm Cd) and humic acid concentration (0; 6,000; 12,000; and 18,000 ppm). Each treatment was replicated three times. The parameters observed were plant biomass, Cd absorption, and phenol content. The application rate of humic acid to the plant medium containing heavy metals influenced the growth of patchouli, Cd absorption, and phenol content. An application rate of 12,000 ppm of humic acid reduced the toxicity of the heavy metals and increased the dry biomass and phenol content of patchouli