RISK MANAGEMENT AT TECHNICAL FACILITIES TYPE AND SITE SELECTION

Technical facilities are created by human activities, and their goal is to provide products or services for the humans´ lives. The technical facilities architecture is the object or the network. Each type of technical facility has its own specifics. Management of technical facilities´ safety is not easy and requires the application of specific engineering tools for coping with the expected risks. Due to complex architecture of majority of present technical facilities, their behaviours are sometimes unforeseeable, and therefore, special engineering tools need to be used at their type selection and sitting. In the past, the attention was not overly given to type selection and location of technical facility. Therefore, some technical facilities projects have not been completed, or after completing their operation have not met the expectations, or even they began to make serious problems, which meant substantial economic losses. Therefore, the book “Risk management at technical facilities type and site selection” deals with the problem of specification of the type of technical facilities and their location in the territory. It summarizes results of specific research performed in project “Řízení rizik a bezpečnost složitých technologických objektů (RIRIZIBE)“ CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/ 16 _018/000”. Since, the deciding body on the subject is the public administration, they are compiled decision support and the risk management plan

RISK MANAGEMENT AT TECHNICAL FACILITIES DESIGNING, BUILDING AND COMMISSIONING

The publication subject is to show the risk management of complex technical facilities at a stage involving the design, construction, outfit by technology equipment, testing and commissioning. The safety of this technical facility is related to the entire technical facility because, as a result of the interconnections among different parts, the set of the safe parts is generally not safe. The safety also considers the dynamic evolution of the world. Therefore, it is going on managing the risks caused by all possible causes in time and space. Based on the original database of failures and accidents of technical facilities, which also included weaknesses in the area of design, building, construction, testing and commissioning, they are determined the basic categories of risk causes. Through the procedures of advanced risk disciplines, there are developed the tools for working with risks in the monitored stage of the technical facility aimed at ensuring the technical facility safety throughout its life time, namely: decision support system; and risk management plan. Both tools are in two versions. The book shortly summarizes results of specific research performed in project “Řízení rizik a bezpečnost složitých technologických objektů (RIRIZIBE)“ CZ.02.2.69/0.0 /0.0/16_018/000”. The detail results are in original Czech monograph, which is cited

Th1 and Th2 cytokine profile in patients with early onset periodontitis and their healthy siblings.

Early onset periodontitis (EOP) is a chronic inflammatory periodontal disease with a strong genetic link affecting individuals aged 17 to 25. In the familial studies we tested the hypothesis about the role of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the pathogenesis of EOP disease. The study involved 6 individuals with EOP disease and their 6 siblings with healthy periodontium. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (A. a), a bacterium typical for EOP, was detected in all people studied. Th1 and Th2 cytokine production was measured after in vitro stimulation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and cultivated for 24 h and 7 days with PWM, A. a. or Escherichia coli. The levels of IL-4, IFN-gamma, IgA, IgG and IgM were measured by ELISA methods. After in vitro stimulation of PBMC, a significantly higher production of IL-4 and significantly lower production of IFN-gamma were found in the group of patients compared with their healthy siblings. The increased level of IL-4 in patients was in good agreement with an increased level of IgM after stimulation of lymphocytes with E. coli. These results support Seymour's hypothesis according to which patients with progressive disease primarily activate Th2 lymphocytes while non-susceptible individuals activate Th1 lymphocytes

Phytoplankton community responses in a shallow lake following lanthanum-bentonite application

The release of phosphorus (P) from bed sediments to the overlying water can delay the recovery of lakes for decades following reductions in catchment contributions, preventing water quality targets being met within timeframes set out by environmental legislation (e.g. EU Water Framework Directive: WFD). Therefore supplementary solutions for restoring lakes have been explored, including the capping of sediment P sources using a lanthanum (La)-modified bentonite clay to reduce internal P loading and enhance the recovery process. Here we present results from Loch Flemington where the first long-term field trial documenting responses of phytoplankton community structure and abundance, and the UK WFD phytoplankton metric to a La-bentonite application was performed. A Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) analysis was used to distinguish natural variability from treatment effect and confirmed significant reductions in the magnitude of summer cyanobacterial blooms in Loch Flemington, relative to the control site, following La-bentonite application. However this initial cyanobacterial response was not sustained beyond two years after application, which implied that the reduction in internal P loading was short-lived; several possible explanations for this are discussed. One reason is that this ecological quality indicator is sensitive to inter-annual variability in weather patterns, particularly summer rainfall and water temperature. Over the monitoring period, the phytoplankton community structure of Loch Flemington became less dominated by cyanobacteria and more functionally diverse. This resulted in continual improvements in the phytoplankton compositional and abundance metrics, which were not observed at the control site, and may suggest an ecological response to the sustained reduction in filterable reactive phosphorus (FRP) concentration following La-bentonite application. Overall, phytoplankton classification indicated that the lake moved from poor to moderate ecological status but did not reach the proxy water quality target (i.e. WFD Good Ecological Status) within four years of the application. As for many other shallow lakes, the effective control of internal P loading in Loch Flemington will require further implementation of both in-lake and catchment-based measures. Our work emphasizes the need for appropriate experimental design and long-term monitoring programmes, to ascertain the efficacy of intervention measures in delivering environmental improvements at the field scale

WNT5A is transported via lipoprotein particles in the cerebrospinal fluid to regulate hindbrain morphogenesis.

WNTs are lipid-modified proteins that control multiple functions in development and disease via short- and long-range signaling. However, it is unclear how these hydrophobic molecules spread over long distances in the mammalian brain. Here we show that WNT5A is produced by the choroid plexus (ChP) of the developing hindbrain, but not the telencephalon, in both mouse and human. Since the ChP produces and secretes the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we examine the presence of WNT5A in the CSF and find that it is associated with lipoprotein particles rather than exosomes. Moreover, since the CSF flows along the apical surface of hindbrain progenitors not expressing Wnt5a, we examined whether deletion of Wnt5a in the ChP controls their function and find that cerebellar morphogenesis is impaired. Our study thus identifies the CSF as a route and lipoprotein particles as a vehicle for long-range transport of biologically active WNT in the central nervous system.We thank Nadia Wänn for maintenance of mice colonies; the members of Bryja and Arenas lab for their help and suggestions; Martin Häring for help with in situ analysis; Johnny Söderlund and Alessandra Nanni for their technical and secretarial assistance; and the CLICK imaging facility at Karolinska Institutet for technical support. We thank MEYS CR for support to the following core facilities: Proteomics (CIISB research infrastructure project LM2015043), cellular imaging at CEITEC institution at Masaryk University (LM2015062 Czech-BioImaging) Czech Centre for Phenogenomics (LM2015040), Higher quality and capacity of transgenic model breeding (by MEYS and ERDF, OP RDI CZ.1.05/2.1.00/19.0395), Czech Centre for Phenogenomics: developing towards translation research (by MEYS and ESIF, OP RDE CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001789). The collaboration between Masaryk University and Karolinska Institutet (KI-MU program), was co-financed by the European Social Fund and the state budget of the Czech Republic (CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0180). Funding to the VB lab was obtained from Neuron Fund for Support of Science (23/2016), and Czech Science Foundation (GA17-16680S). Work in the EA lab was supported by the Swedish Research Council (VR projects: DBRM, 2011-3116, 2011-3318 and 2016-01526), Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SRL program and SLA SB16-0065), European Commission (NeuroStemcellRepair), Karolinska Institutet (SFO Strat Regen, Senior grant 2018), Hjärnfonden (FO2015:0202 and FO2017-0059) and Cancerfonden (CAN 2016/572). Research in the JCV lab was supported by Karolinska Institutet Foundations. KK was supported by Masaryk University (MUNI/E/0965/2016). DP and ZZ were supported by the CEITEC 2020 (LQ1601) project from MEYS CR

Turnip yellow mosaic virus in Chinese cabbage in Spain: Commercial seed transmission and molecular characterization

[EN] Seed transmission of Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV, genus Tymovirus) was evaluated in the whole seeds and seedlings that emerged from three commercial Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis) seed batches. Seedlings in the cotyledon stage and adult plants were assayed for TYMV by DAS-ELISA and confirmed by RT-PCR. The proportion of whole seeds infected with TYMV was at least 0.15 %. The seeds of the three seed batches were grown in Petri dishes, and surveyed in the cotyledon stage in trays that contained a peat:sand mixture grown in greenhouses or growth chambers, which were analysed in the cotyledon and adult stages. The seed-to-seedling transmission rate ranged from 2.5 % to 2.9 % in two different seed batches (lot-08 and lot-09, respectively). Spanish isolates derived from turnip (Sp-03) and Chinese cabbage (Sp-09 and Sp-13), collected in 2003, 2009 and 2013 in two different Spanish regions, were molecularly characterised by analysing the partial nucleotide sequences of three TYMV genome regions: partial RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), methyltransferase (MTR) and coat protein (CP) genes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the CP gene represented two different groups: TYMV-1 and TYMV-2. The first was subdivided into three subclades: European, Australian and Japanese. Spanish isolate Sp-03 clustered together with European TYMV group, whereas Sp-09 and Sp-13 grouped with the Japanese TYMV group, and all differed from group TYMV-2. The sequences of the three different genomic regions examined clustered into the same groups. The results suggested that Spanish isolates grouped according to the original hosts from which they were isolated. The inoculation of the Spanish TYMV isolates to four crucifer plants species (turnip, broccoli, Brunswick cabbage and radish) revealed that all the isolates infected turnip with typical symptoms, although differences were observed in other hosts.Alfaro Fernández, AO.; Serrano, A.; Tornos, T.; Cebrian Mico, MC.; Córdoba-Sellés, MDC.; Jordá, C.; Font San Ambrosio, MI. (2016). Turnip yellow mosaic virus in Chinese cabbage in Spain: Commercial seed transmission and molecular characterization. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY. 146(2):433-442. doi:10.1007/s10658-016-0929-3S4334421462Assis Filho, M., & Sherwood, J. L. (2000). Evaluation of seed transmission of Turnip yellow mosaic virus and Tobacco mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phytopathology, 90, 1233–1238.Benetti, M. P., & Kaswalder, F. (1983). Trasmisione per seme del virus del mosaico giallo rapa. Annali dell Istituto Sperimentale per la Patologia Vegetale, 8, 67–70.Blok, J., Mackenzie, A., Guy, P., & Gibbs, A. (1987). Nucleotide sequence comparisons of Turnip yellow mosaic virus isolates from Australia and Europe. Archives of Virology, 97, 283–295.Brunt, A., Crabtree, K., Dallwitz, M., Gibbs, A., Watson, L., & Zurcher, E.J. (1996). Plant Viruses Online: Descriptions and Lists from the VIDE Database. Version: 20th August 1996. URL http://biology.anu.edu.au/Groups/MES/vide/ .Campbell, R. N., Wipf-Scheibel, C., & Lecoq, H. (1996). Vector-assissted seed transmission of melon necrotic spot virus in melon. Phytopathology, 86, 1294–1298.Dreher, T. W., & Bransom, K. L. (1992). Genomic RNA sequence of Turnip yellow mosaic virus isolate TYMC, a cDNA-based clone with verified infectivity. Plant Molecular Biology, 18, 403–406.Fakhro, A., Von Bargen, S., Bandte, M., Büttner, C., Franken, P., & Schwarz, D. (2011). Susceptibility of different plant species and tomato cultivars to two isolates of Pepino mosaic virus. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 129, 579–590.Gibbs, A. J., & Gower, J. C. (1960). The use of a multiple-transfer method in plant virus transmission studies: some statistical points arising in the analysis of results. Annals of Applied Biology, 48, 75–83.Hayden, C. M., Mackenzie, A. M., & Gibbs, A. J. (1998a). Virion protein sequence variation among Australian isolates of turnip yellow mosaic tymovirus. Archives of Virology, 143, 191–201.Hayden, C. M., Mackenzie, A. M., Skotnicki, M. L., & Gibbs, A. (1998b). Turnip yellow mosaic virus isolates with experimentally produced recombinant virion proteins. Journal of General Virology, 79, 395–403.Hein, A. (1984). Transmission of Turnip yellow mosaic virus through seed of Camelina sativa gold of pleasure. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 91, 549–551.Herrera-Vásquez, J. A., Córdoba-Sellés, M. C., Cebrián, M. C., Alfaro-Fernández, A., & Jordá, C. (2009). Seed transmission of Melon necrotic spot virus and efficacy of seed-disinfection treatments. Plant Pathology, 58, 436–452.Hull, R. (2002). Matthews’ plant virology (4a ed.1001 pp). San Diego: Academic Press.Johansen, E., Edwards, M. C., & Hampton, R. O. (1994). Seed transmission of viruses: current perspectives. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 32, 363–386.Kirino, N., Inoue, K., Tanina, K., Yamazaki, Y., & Ohki, S. T. (2008). Turnip yellow mosaic virus isolated from Chinese cabbage in Japan. Journal of General Plant Pathology, 74, 331–334.Markham, R., & Smith, K. S. (1949). Studies on the virus of turnip yellow mosaic. Parasitology, 39, 330–342.Mathews, R. E. F. (1980). Turnip yellow mosaic virus, CMI/AAB Descriptions of plant virus No. 230 (No. 2 revised). Kew: Commonwealth Mycology Institute/Association of Applied Biologists.Mitchell, E. J., & Bond, J. M. (2005). Variation in the coat protein sequence of British isolates of Turnip yellow mosaic virus and comparison with previously published isolates. Archives of Virology, 150, 2347–2355.Pagán, I., Fraile, A., Fernández-Fueyo, E., Montes, N., Alonso-Blanco, C., & García-Arenal, F. (2010). Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for the study of plant-virus co-evolution. Philosophical Transations of the Royal Society Biological Sciences, 365, 1983–1995.Paul, H. L., Gibbs, A., & Wittman-Liebold, B. (1980). The relationships of certain Tymoviruses assessed from the amino acid composition of their coat proteins. Intervirology, 13, 99–109.Pelikanova, J. (1990). Garlic mustard a spontaneous host of TYMV. Ochrana Rostlin, 26, 17–22.Procházková, Z. (1980). Host range and symptom differences between isolates of Turnip mosaic virus obtained from Sisymbrium loeselii. Biologia Plantarum, 22, 341–347.Rimmer, S. R., Shtattuck, V. I., & Buchwaldt, L. (2007). Compendium of brassica diseases (1ª Edición ed.p. 117). USA: APS press.Rot, M. E., & Jelkman, W. (2001). Characterization and detection of several filamentous viruses of cherry: Adaptation of an alternative cloning method (DOP-PCR), and modification of an RNA extraction protocol. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 107, 411–420.Sabanadzovic, S., Abou-Ghanem, N., Castellano, M. A., Digiaero, M., & Martelli, G. P. (2000). Grapevine fleck virus-like in Vitis. Archives of Virology, 145, 553–565.Špack, J., & Kubelková, D. (2000). Serological variability among European isolates of Radish mosaic virus. Plant Pathology, 49, 295–301.Špack, J., Kubelková, D., & Hnilicka, E. (1993). Seed transmission of Turnip yellow mosaic virus in winter turnip and winter oilseed rapes. Annals of Applied Biology, 123, 33–35.Stobbs, L. W., Cerkauskas, R. F., Lowery, T., & VanDriel, L. (1998). Occurrence of Turnip yellow mosaic virus on oriental cruciferours vegetables in Southern Ontario, Canada. Plant Disease, 82, 351.Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M., & Kumar, S. (2011). MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, 2731–2739

Hydrophilic antioxidant compounds in orange juice from different fruit cultivars: Composition and antioxidant activity evaluated by chemical and cellular based (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) assays

Antioxidant capacity was evaluated by a cellular model (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and chemical methods (FRAP, TEAC and total phenols by Folin-Ciocalteu assay) in the hydrophilic fraction (phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid) of orange juices (OJs) from six varieties (Midknight, Delta Seedless, Rohde Red, Seedless, Early and clone Sambiasi), harvested in two seasons. The contents of phenolic compounds and ascorbic acid analyzed, respectively, by UPLC and HPLC were 370.04 76.97 mg/L and 52.05 6.69 mg/100 mL. Variety and season significantly influenced (p < 0.05) composition and antioxidant capacity. TEAC and FRAP values correlated well with individual hydrophilic compounds (R2 > 0.991) but no correlation with cellular assay was observed. An increase in survival rates between 23% and 38% was obtained, excepting for two varieties that showed no activity (Rohde Red and Seedless). Narirutin, naringin-d, ferulic acid-d2, didymin, neoeriocitrin and sinapic acid hexose and caffeic acid-d1 were the phenolic compounds which contributed to survival rates (R2 = 0.979, p < 0.01

Inhibition of NOS- like activity in maize alters the expression of genes involved in H2O2 scavenging and glycine betaine biosynthesis

Nitric oxide synthase-like activity contributes to the production of nitric oxide in plants, which controls plant responses to stress. This study investigates if changes in ascorbate peroxidase enzymatic activity and glycine betaine content in response to inhibition of nitric oxide synthase-like activity are associated with transcriptional regulation by analyzing transcript levels of genes (betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase) involved in glycine betaine biosynthesis and those encoding antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase and catalase) in leaves of maize seedlings treated with an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase-like activity. In seedlings treated with a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, transcript levels of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase were decreased. In plants treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, the transcript levels of ascorbate peroxidase-encoding genes were down-regulated. We thus conclude that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase-like activity suppresses the expression of ascorbate peroxidase and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase genes in maize leaves. Furthermore, catalase activity was suppressed in leaves of plants treated with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; and this corresponded with the suppression of the expression of catalase genes. We further conclude that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase-like activity, which suppresses ascorbate peroxidase and catalase enzymatic activities, results in increased H2O2 content

Probing the immune responses to nanoparticles across environmental species. A perspective of the EU Horizon 2020 project PANDORA

Understanding how engineered nanomaterials affect immune responses of living organisms requires a strong collaborative effort between immunologists, toxicologists, ecologists, physiologists, inorganic chemists, nanomaterial scientists and experts in law and risk management. This perspective aims to provide a new viewpoint on the interaction between engineered nanomaterials and the immune defensive systems across living species, gained within the EU Horizon 2020 project PANDORA. We consider the effects of nanoparticle exposure on immune functions in plants, marine and terrestrial invertebrates and their relation to the current state of knowledge for vertebrates (in particular humans). These studies can shed light on the broader perspective of defensive and homeostatic mechanisms (immunity, inflammation, stress responses, microbiota, stem cell differentiation) suggesting ways to: i) perform a comparative analysis of the nanoparticle impact on immunity across model organisms; ii) inspire best practices in experimental methodologies for nanosafety/nanotoxicity studies; iii) regroup and harmonise fragmented research activities; iv) improve knowledge transfer strategies and nano-security; v) propose innovative tools and realistic solutions, thereby helping in identifying future research needs and tackling their challenges