KRIMINALISASI PENGGUNA JASA PEREMPUAN YANG DILACURKAN (PEDILA) SEBAGAI PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG

AbstractThis research is a socio legal research which focusing on problem that existed in society to find the best recommendation as a solution. Descriptive qualitative method used in this research to explain problem that found. Statute approach and comparative approach are two type of research approach that used in this research. Result of this research showed that practically chapter 12 of human trafficking criminal law has never been used to criminalize prostitution client because there are resistances. Prostitution client is not written clearly as a subject at chapter 12 human trafficking criminal law. The unnwritten subject at chapter 12 make different interpretations between police investigator. The different interpretations come because the interpretation has not been based on legal theory. Criminalize of prostitution client is a common regulation with the Swedish Model from Sweden. The Swedish Model has shown succeed progress to decrease prostitution. Implementation of chapter 12 to criminalize prostitution client is fulfilling the law purposes which are justice, utility, and legal certainity. Recommendation that can be offered is doing a legal reform of chapter 12 human trafficking penal regulation by adding sentence that refer to prostitution client. Legal reform will fulfill lex scripta, lex certa and lex stricta as the points of criminal law.Keywords: criminal law; human trafficking; prostitutionAbstrakPenelitian ini merupakan penelitian socio legal yang mengkaji gejala permasalahan di masyarakat untuk menemukan rekomendasi terbaik. Metode deskriptif kualitatif merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk menjelaskan permasalahan yang ditemukan. Pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan perbandingan digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengguna jasa PEDILA tidak pernah dapat dipidana karena adanya perbedaan penafsiran di kalangan kepolisian. Pasal 12 UU TPPO tidak secara tertulis menunjukkan bahwa pasal tersebut berlaku bagi pengguna jasa PEDILA. Hal ini mengakibatkan adanya perbedaan penafsiran di kalangan kepolisian. Perbedaan penafsiran ini terjadi karena penafsiran dilakukan tanpa dasar teori yang benar sehingga terjadi kesesatan berpikir. Penerapan Pasal 12 UU TPPO guna pemidanaan pengguna jasa PEDILA merupakan langkah yang sama dilakukan oleh Swedia yang terbukti efektif menurunkan angka prostitusi di Swedia. Oleh karena itu pasal 12 UU TPPO haruslah diterapkan terhadap pengguna jasa PEDILA karena akan mampu mencapai ketiga tujuan hukum yaitu keadilan, kemanfaatan dan kepastian hukum. Rekomendasi yang dapat ditawarkan untuk mengatasi hambatan penyidik kepolisian adalah dengan melakukan pembaharuan hukum. Pembaharuan hukum dilakukan dengan menambahkan kalimat “tak terbatas pada pengguna jasa PEDILA” pada ketentuan Pasal 12 UU TPPO. Pembaruan hukum ini sebagai langkah pemenuhan ketiga asas hukum pidana yaitu lex scripta, lex certa, lex stricta.Kata kunci: hukum pidana; perdagangan orang; prostitus

The students’ translation of proverbs: a case study sixth semester of English Department

Proverb is a group of words that already have the unity of its own meaning based on a specific context. Proverb cannot be translated literally (word-for-word) and it may sometimes has no natural figurative equivalents in the Target Language (TL). It means that there are several methods and strategies in translating proverb. Thus, the researcher is interested to find out about the students’ translation of proverbs. This research discusses two statement of problems. They are: 1) what kinds of translation methods that the students used in translating proverbs, and 2) what kinds of translation strategies that the students used in translating proverbs. As the theoretical basis for analyzing the problems, the researcher used the theory of the translation methods by Newmark (1988: 45-47) that are word-for-word translation, literal translation, faithful translation, semantic translation, adaptation, free translation, idiomatic translation, and communicative translation and then the translation strategies for idioms and fixed expressions including proverbs by Baker (1992: 72-78) that are using an idiom (or proverb) of similar meaning and form of SL one, using an idiom (or proverb) of similar meaning but dissimilar form of SL idiom (or proverb), translation by paraphrase, and translation by omission. In this qualitative research, it is used descriptive method to achieve the purpose. The source of data is the twenty respondents selected from the sixth semester English Department students. In collecting research data, it is used open and closed questionnaire. The questionnaire result was aimed to find out the kinds of methods and strategies are used by students in translating proverbs. Based on findings and discussions, it is found that from twenty students who were asked to translate thirteen proverbs: 1) the kinds of translation methods that the students used in translating proverbs are free translation (41%), literal translation (20%), adaptation (17%), communicative translation (12%), idiomatic translation (5%), semantic translation (2%), faithful translation (2%), and word-for-word translation (1%); and 2) the kinds of translation strategies that the students used in translating proverbs are translation by paraphrase (43%), translation by omission (24%), using a proverb of similar meaning and form of the SL one (19%), and using a proverb of similar meaning but dissimilar form of the SL proverb (14%). In this research, it is concluded that in the translation of proverbs: 1) the method that most widely used by the students is free translation and the least method used by the students is word-for-word translation, and then 2) the strategy that mostly used by students is translation by paraphrase and the least strategy used by the students is using a proverb of similar meaning but dissimilar form of the SL proverb. For the students who study in English Department are recommended to expand their knowledge about proverbs in two languages, especially English and Bahasa Indonesia so proverb is no longer considered strange or difficult. Then, it would be nice if it is held the additional material about translation of proverbs in translation courses so the students are expected to understand more about the methods or strategies that is suitable to use in the translation of proverbs

Crude Birth Rate and Crude Mortality Rate in India: A Case of Application of Regression in Healthcare

India’s demographic transition in 1950 has led to decline of high birth and mortality rate to 6.5%, a drop of 0.6% in 2016–2017, as per the economic survey (2017–2018). The crude birth rate and crude mortality rate decreases with the occupation. In this study, the statistical parameter, confidence interval indicates the true range of the mean of the crude birth rate and crude mortality rate computed from the observed data in the study. Location and precision of a measure are made available with the confidence interval. In the study, the results for crude birth rate in 1984 were highest, 95% CI = 32.08–39.22, and in 2011, were lowest, 95% CI = 20.68–25.24, and the results for crude mortality rate in 1984 were highest, 95% CI = 32.08–39.22, and in 2011 were lowest, 95% CI = 20.68–25.24. A small standard error implies that the sample mean is a more accurate reflection of the actual population mean. The smallest standard error of crude birth rate is 1.08, and the smallest standard error of crude mortality rate is 0.50

Audit Fee, Auditor Choice, dan Pengaruh Shareholder: Studi Pada Perekonomian yang Didominasi Perusahaan Keluarga

Abstrak-- Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui preferensi auditor dari perusahaan keluarga serta pembayaran audit fee yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan keluarga berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap audit fee. Selain itu, perusahaan keluarga juga berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap auditor choice. Dari situ, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perusahaan keluarga membayarkan audit fee yang rendah dan memilih auditor berkualitas tinggi atau Big 4. Sehingga, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara audit fee dan permintaan kualitas audit perusahaan keluarga dengan perusahaan non keluarga. Kedua hal ini mengimplikasikan bahwa mendukung supply side perspective, keluarga dianggap dapat memantau kondisi internalnya secara lebih baik, dan oleh karena itu kontrol keluarga dalam perusahaan keluarga masih sangat besar. Selain itu, mendukung signaling theory, perusahaan keluarga ingin mensinyalkan tata kelolanya yang baik pada pemegang saham. Yang oleh karena itu, walaupun kecil, saham dari pemegang saham minoritas masih dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan keluarga untuk keberlangsungan perusahaannya. Kata Kunci: Perusahaan Keluarga, Biaya Audit, Pilihan Auditor, Teori Sinyal, Perspektif Supply Side, Teori Agensi Abstract-- This study aims to determine the auditor preferences of a family firm and their payment of audit fee. The results show that family firm have a significant and negative effect on audit fees. Family firm also have a significant and positive effect on auditor choice. So, it can be concluded that family firm pays a low audit fee and chooses a high-quality auditor or Big 4. Thus, there is a significant difference between the audit fee and the demand for audit quality of family firm with nonfamily firm. Both of these imply that supporting the supply side perspective, family are considered to be able to monitor their internal conditions better, and therefore family control in family firm is still very large. Other than that, in support of signaling theory, family firm wants to signal their good governance to shareholders. Which is why, even though it’s small, the shares of minority shareholders are still needed by the family firm for the sustainability of the firm. Keywords: Family Firm, Audit Fee, Auditor Choice, Signaling Theory, Supply Side Perspective, Agency Theor

Amplitude of accommodation is reduced in pre-presbyopic diabetic patients

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing exponentially often causing an enormous public health burden due to changing lifestyles. People with diabetes have accelerated age-related biometric ocular changes compared with people without diabetes.Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of diabetes on the amplitude of accommodation in pre-presbyopic diabetic patients, and compare the results with age-matched healthy individuals.Methods: The study population consisted of 84 diabetic patients (30–40 years of age, 36 ± 2.5 years and 81 (35 ± 2.7 years) agematched healthy normal controls. Using the best correction for distance visual acuity, the amplitude of accommodation was measured using the subjective push-up technique. The influence of age and duration of diabetes on amplitude of accommodation were analysed using the regression analysis.Results: The mean amplitude of accommodation was lower in the diabetic group (6.34 ± 1.39 dioptre (D)) compared with the controls (8.60 ± 2.00 D), which was statistically significant (p = 0.000). There was a little negative correlation between the amplitude of accommodation and duration of diabetes (–0.20, p = 0.069).Conclusion: People with diabetes showed lower amplitude of accommodation when compared with age-matched controls. The results suggest that diabetic people will experience presbyopia earlier in life than people without diabetes. Early detection and rehabilitation of diabetic patients with corrective spectacle lenses is recommended.Keywords: accommodation, diabetes, presbyopi

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF JIGSAW TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ PARTICIPATION IN LEARNING ENGLISH SPEAKING

 AbstractThe purpose of this research is to improve the students’ participation in learning English speaking through the use of Jigsaw technique. The method used is Classroom Action Research which consisted of  2 cycles. To collect the data, the writer used observation checklist, field notes and the table of participation grade to reflect the students’ improvement in participation of each cycle. The subject of this research was the tenth grade students of SMAN 5 Pontianak. The writer provided the students’ mean score from the table of participation grade and the result of observation checklist, and field notes at the end of lesson. From the result of the observation checklist and field notes, it was found that in the first cycle most of students showed less participation, on the other hand  in the second cycle most of students showed a good participation in learning English speaking through the use of Jigsaw technique. It can also be concluded from the result of the table of participation grade, it was found that in the first cycle, the mean score was 53 points which was classified into poor to average. And in the second cycle, the mean score was 74 which was classified into average to good. In conclusion, the students’ participation of the tenth grade students of SMAN 5 Pontianak has improved through the use of Jigsaw technique. Key words: Jigsaw, Speaking, Participatio

PROGNOSIS UNTUK TERJADINYA INSTABILITY LUMBOSACRAL PADA PASIEN LOW BACK PAIN YANG DIRUJUK KE BAGIAN RADIOLOGI RUMAH SAKIT PKU MUHAMMADIYAH BANTUL DARI JULI 2020-2021 DENGAN PENGUKURAN LUMBOSACRAL ANGLE DAN LUMBAR LORDOTIK ANGLE

Low back pain atau nyeri punggung bawah menjadi permasalahan kesehatan yang penting karena 70 – 75 % populasi seluruh dunia pernah menderita setidaknya sekali seumur hidup.1 Berdasarkan data studi, nyeri punggung bawah memp engaruhi setidaknya 40 – 60 % populasi usia produktif dan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup akibat gangguan jangka panjang. Di Asia, selama periode 4 tahun ditemukan bahwa terdapat 30% dari 42.785 subjek yang terlibat nyeri punggung bawah. Di Indonesia menunjukkan prevalensi nyeri punggung bawah terdapat pada 21,8% dari 8.160 subjek dengan gejala utama yaitu sensasi tertusuk, sensasi terkena listrik, terbakar, kesemutan, dan nyeri berlebihan. Rentang usia yang dilakukan pada studi lain menunjukkan prevalensi dari nyeri punggung bawah adalah 38,4 pada usia 50 – 59 tahun.

Sans Signature Buffer Overflow Blocker

The objective of Sans Signature buffer overflow blocker mainly is to intercept communications between a server and client, analyse the contents for the presence of executable code and prevent the code reaching the server. In this project, Sans Signature is a signature free approach, which can identify and block new and unknown buffer overflow attacks. The system can intercept the data coming via various channels before the server receives the packets. Typically, the data exchanged with a standard application is the data related to the transaction. Therefore, the presence of executable code along with data is something unwarranted. This system will analyze the incoming of the data, check is it contains any executable code. If the executable code is found, the packet is dropped. If the data packet is found to be safe, it is allowed to pass through. The payload or data is analyzed at the application layer called Proxy based Sans Signature. The system has been designed to identify certain executable pattern that is considered harmful.  It also has a thresh hold limit beyond which, the packet will be considered to be discarded. Given the intelligence of the algorithm, it prevents most of the buffer overflow attacks. The system can handle the packet analysis in a transparent manner, thus making it suitable for deployment at Firewall/Application Gateway level. Hence, it is quite powerful and efficient with very low deployment and maintenance cost. Keywords: buffer overflow attacks, code-injection attacks, Defense-side obfuscatio

Audit Fee, Auditor Choice, dan Pengaruh Shareholder: Studi Pada Perekonomian yang Didominasi Perusahaan Keluarga

Abstrak-- Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui preferensi auditor dari perusahaan keluarga serta pembayaran audit fee yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan keluarga berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap audit fee. Selain itu, perusahaan keluarga juga berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap auditor choice. Dari situ, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perusahaan keluarga membayarkan audit fee yang rendah dan memilih auditor berkualitas tinggi atau Big 4. Sehingga, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara audit fee dan permintaan kualitas audit perusahaan keluarga dengan perusahaan non keluarga. Kedua hal ini mengimplikasikan bahwa mendukung supply side perspective, keluarga dianggap dapat memantau kondisi internalnya secara lebih baik, dan oleh karena itu kontrol keluarga dalam perusahaan keluarga masih sangat besar. Selain itu, mendukung signaling theory, perusahaan keluarga ingin mensinyalkan tata kelolanya yang baik pada pemegang saham. Yang oleh karena itu, walaupun kecil, saham dari pemegang saham minoritas masih dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan keluarga untuk keberlangsungan perusahaannya. Kata Kunci: Perusahaan Keluarga, Biaya Audit, Pilihan Auditor, Teori Sinyal, Perspektif Supply Side, Teori Agensi Abstract-- This study aims to determine the auditor preferences of a family firm and their payment of audit fee. The results show that family firm have a significant and negative effect on audit fees. Family firm also have a significant and positive effect on auditor choice. So, it can be concluded that family firm pays a low audit fee and chooses a high-quality auditor or Big 4. Thus, there is a significant difference between the audit fee and the demand for audit quality of family firm with nonfamily firm. Both of these imply that supporting the supply side perspective, family are considered to be able to monitor their internal conditions better, and therefore family control in family firm is still very large. Other than that, in support of signaling theory, family firm wants to signal their good governance to shareholders. Which is why, even though it’s small, the shares of minority shareholders are still needed by the family firm for the sustainability of the firm. Keywords: Family Firm, Audit Fee, Auditor Choice, Signaling Theory, Supply Side Perspective, Agency Theor

Audit Fee, Auditor Choice, dan Pengaruh Shareholder: Studi Pada Perekonomian yang Didominasi Perusahaan Keluarga

Abstrak-- Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui preferensi auditor dari perusahaan keluarga serta pembayaran audit fee yang dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan keluarga berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap audit fee. Selain itu, perusahaan keluarga juga berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap auditor choice. Dari situ, dapat disimpulkan bahwa perusahaan keluarga membayarkan audit fee yang rendah dan memilih auditor berkualitas tinggi atau Big 4. Sehingga, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara audit fee dan permintaan kualitas audit perusahaan keluarga dengan perusahaan non keluarga. Kedua hal ini mengimplikasikan bahwa mendukung supply side perspective, keluarga dianggap dapat memantau kondisi internalnya secara lebih baik, dan oleh karena itu kontrol keluarga dalam perusahaan keluarga masih sangat besar. Selain itu, mendukung signaling theory, perusahaan keluarga ingin mensinyalkan tata kelolanya yang baik pada pemegang saham. Yang oleh karena itu, walaupun kecil, saham dari pemegang saham minoritas masih dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan keluarga untuk keberlangsungan perusahaannya. Kata Kunci: Perusahaan Keluarga, Biaya Audit, Pilihan Auditor, Teori Sinyal, Perspektif Supply Side, Teori Agensi Abstract-- This study aims to determine the auditor preferences of a family firm and their payment of audit fee. The results show that family firm have a significant and negative effect on audit fees. Family firm also have a significant and positive effect on auditor choice. So, it can be concluded that family firm pays a low audit fee and chooses a high-quality auditor or Big 4. Thus, there is a significant difference between the audit fee and the demand for audit quality of family firm with nonfamily firm. Both of these imply that supporting the supply side perspective, family are considered to be able to monitor their internal conditions better, and therefore family control in family firm is still very large. Other than that, in support of signaling theory, family firm wants to signal their good governance to shareholders. Which is why, even though it’s small, the shares of minority shareholders are still needed by the family firm for the sustainability of the firm. Keywords: Family Firm, Audit Fee, Auditor Choice, Signaling Theory, Supply Side Perspective, Agency Theor