Flood Frequency Analysis of Osse River Using Gumbel’s Distribution

This paper shows the result of the study carried out on Osse River with flow measurements carried out at Iguoriakhi. Flood frequency analysis was carried out on the river (Osse river) using Gumbel’s distribution which is one of the probability distribution used to model stream flow. This was necessitated by the need to protect lives and property at the downstream of the catchment area. Gumbel’s distribution was used to model the annual maximum discharge of the river for a period of 20years (1989 to 2008). The measurement was carried out by Benin Owena River Basin Development Authority .From the trend line equation, R2 gives a value of 0.954 which shows that Gumbel’s distribution is suitable for predicting expected flow in the river.   From the Gumbel’s distribution using return periods (T) of 2yrs, 5yrs,10yrs, 25yrs, 50yrs, 100yrs, 200yrs and 400yrs; the expected estimated discharges obtained are: 2156.61m3/s, 2436.24m3/s, 2621.38m3/s, 2855.31m3/s, 3028.85m3/s, 3201.11m3/s, 3372.74m3/s and 3544.05m3/s respectively. These values are useful for storm management in the area. Keywords: flood frequency analysis, probability, Gumbel’s distribution, return period, flow measurement

Holistic Analysis of Scheduled Tribe College Students

Education is one of the primary agents of transformation towards development. Education is in fact, an input not only for economic development of tribes but also for inner strength of the tribal communities which helps them in meeting the new challenges of life. (KabitaKumariSahu, 2014) Mixed methodology and Follow up Explanation model design is used in the research. Purposive sampling technique has been used for collecting data through Online questionnaire and in-depth interviews. Holistic analysis focuses on analyzing socio, economic and political order of students. The major findings include the influence of peer, adaptability of students, participation roles, challenges faced, and other components. The suggestions would be based on the need in the institution by working accordingly to the instructions of the UGC Guidelines to help build an inclusive discrimination free learning environment. (UGC, 2018

RESILIENCY OF WOMEN SURVIVORS OF THE TSUNAMI 2004 IN SOUTH INDIA

This is a research study on wives of the fishermen who lost their lives in the Tsunami of 2004. It utilizes the qualitative and some Quantitative data. It focuses on the strengths based approach. The study presents an understanding of the survivors’ thoughts on their resiliency and provides suggestions for improving social work practice and education. Resiliency is not a new concept. Researchers have tried to understand this human tendency to strive for a healthier and more positive development for approximately the last 50 years. The strengths perspective in the practice of social work has been a long-standing form of approach of social workers towards helping clients. By examining the subjects’ thoughts on their resiliency, it is possible to develop theory and prove the existing theories in terms of this strength based approach in social work. This study in a way is a follow up of the disaster close to eight years after the event. Researchers often place emphasis, and focus their research and discussions on the disaster itself and its immediate impact on the community (Kalayjian, 1999) rather than what happens after that. This study bridges the gap in knowledge by identifying how women survivors of the Tsunami have exhibited resilience in south Indian villages

Modeling rates of inflation in Nigeria: an application of ARMA, ARIMA and GARCH models

Based on time series data on inflation rates in Nigeria from 1960 to 2016, we model and forecast inflation using ARMA, ARIMA and GARCH models. Our diagnostic tests such as the ADF tests indicate that NINF time series data is essentially I (1), although it is generally I (0) at 10% level of significance. Based on the minimum Theil’s U forecast evaluation statistic, the study presents the ARMA (1, 0, 2) model, the ARIMA (1, 1, 1) model and the AR (3) – GARCH (1, 1) model; of which the ARMA (1, 0, 2) model is clearly the best optimal model. Our diagnostic tests also indicate that the presented models are stable and hence reliable. The results of the study reveal that inflation in Nigeria is likely to rise to about 17% per annum by end of 2021 and is likely to exceed that level by 2027. In order to address the problem of inflation in Nigeria, three main policy prescriptions have been suggested and are envisioned to assist policy makers in stabilizing the Nigerian economy

Modeling rates of inflation in Nigeria: an application of ARMA, ARIMA and GARCH models

Based on time series data on inflation rates in Nigeria from 1960 to 2016, we model and forecast inflation using ARMA, ARIMA and GARCH models. Our diagnostic tests such as the ADF tests indicate that NINF time series data is essentially I (1), although it is generally I (0) at 10% level of significance. Based on the minimum Theil’s U forecast evaluation statistic, the study presents the ARMA (1, 0, 2) model, the ARIMA (1, 1, 1) model and the AR (3) – GARCH (1, 1) model; of which the ARMA (1, 0, 2) model is clearly the best optimal model. Our diagnostic tests also indicate that the presented models are stable and hence reliable. The results of the study reveal that inflation in Nigeria is likely to rise to about 17% per annum by end of 2021 and is likely to exceed that level by 2027. In order to address the problem of inflation in Nigeria, three main policy prescriptions have been suggested and are envisioned to assist policy makers in stabilizing the Nigerian economy

Incidence and management of incidental durotomy during thoracic and lumbar spine surgeries: a retrospective review in a tertiary care centre

Background: Incidental durotomy is among the most common complications of spine surgery with reported incidence ranging from 1.7% to 16%. Various management options including primary repair, fascial or fat graft, epidural blood patch, fibrin glue sealant, etc., have been proposed. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence of incidental durotomy and the efficacy of different management options during a five year period at a tertiary care center.Methods: All patients who underwent various surgical procedures in thoracic and lumbar spine from January 2006 - December 2010 in our centre were retrospectively reviewed. Data on demographics, primary diagnosis, associated co morbidities, details of surgical procedure, training level of the operating surgeon, details of the incidental durotomy, the treatment, complications and the postoperative stay were recorded.Results: Of 2270 patients, 1401 patients were included in the study. The incidence of incidental durotomy was 3.49% (49 patients). We found a very high incidence of 33.33% incidental durotomies among patients who underwent revision procedures as compared to 3.23% for patients who underwent primary surgeries. 5.10% of incidental durotomies were caused by fellows under training, 4.27% by junior consultants and 2.92% by senior consultants. Of 49 durotomies, complication were 5 cases of intracranial hypotension, 5 postoperative neurological deficits, 2 deep wound infection, 2 pseudomeningocele and 1 meningitis.Conclusions: The risk of incidental durotomy in thoracolumbar surgeries is high in revision surgeries and when performed by fellows in training. Intraoperative identification and primary repair with suturing or sealant reduces postoperative complications

Trivariate modelling of the nexus between electricity consumption, urbanization and economic growth in Nigeria : fresh insights from Maki Cointegration and causality tests

publishedVersio

Intensity Inhomogeneity Correction of SD-OCT Data Using Macular Flatspace

Images of the retina acquired using optical coherence tomography (OCT) often suffer from intensity inhomogeneity problems that degrade both the quality of the images and the performance of automated algorithms utilized to measure structural changes. This intensity variation has many causes, including off-axis acquisition, signal attenuation, multi-frame averaging, and vignetting, making it difficult to correct the data in a fundamental way. This paper presents a method for inhomogeneity correction by acting to reduce the variability of intensities within each layer. In particular, the N3 algorithm, which is popular in neuroimage analysis, is adapted to work for OCT data. N3 works by sharpening the intensity histogram, which reduces the variation of intensities within different classes. To apply it here, the data are first converted to a standardized space called macular flat space (MFS). MFS allows the intensities within each layer to be more easily normalized by removing the natural curvature of the retina. N3 is then run on the MFS data using a modified smoothing model, which improves the efficiency of the original algorithm. We show that our method more accurately corrects gain fields on synthetic OCT data when compared to running N3 on non-flattened data. It also reduces the overall variability of the intensities within each layer, without sacrificing contrast between layers, and improves the performance of registration between OCT images

Pattern of Pelvic Ultrasound Request and Findings in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) Bauchi

Background: Pelvic ultrasonography involves the evaluation of pelvic organs and structures. It is valuable in the diagnosis of pathological conditions which are likely causes of pelvic pain.Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the pattern of pelvic ultrasound request and findings in Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital (ATBUTH) Bauchi.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the radiology department of ATBUTH. A total of 1,320 ultrasonography records of patients for pelvic examination were reviewed from January 2016 to February 2017,and tabulated according to age, sex, clinical indication and ultrasound findings. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 to determine the mean, frequency and percentages. Pearson’s correlation was used to determine the relationship between clinical indication and ultrasound findings.Results: The age group of 21-30 years and 31- 40 years had the highest frequency (n = 627, 47.5 %) and (n = 321, 24.3%), respectively. Gender distribution were 1158 (87.7 %), for females and 162 (12.3 %) for males. Pelvic pain had the highest indication, 72.3% (n = 955), followed by PID, 9.2% (n = 121), then BPH, 3.4% (n=45) and, ovarian cyst, 2.7 % (n = 36). Conclusion: The highest indication and findings are pelvic pain and pelvic inflammatory diseases, among females while benign prostatic hypertrophy was the highest in males

Infrastructure development, human development index, and CO2 emissions in China: A quantile regression approach

This study investigates the relationships between infrastructure development, human development index (HDI), and CO2 emissions in China. Infrastructure has played an essential role in achieving social and economic developmental goals in China, but environmental pollution has significantly increased in the country in the last two decades. Our analysis uses time series data from 1990 to 2021 and quantile regressions, and we find that infrastructure has positive and statistically significant relationships with HDI, CO2 emissions, and GDP in all quantiles. Recent infrastructure upgrades improve living standards and increase HDI but damage the environment, and infrastructure is the main source of CO2 emissions in the country. Therefore, the government should invest in sustainable infrastructure to mitigate CO2 emissions. The government may consider infrastructure options such as low carbon transportation, including railway infrastructure, urban metros, and light rail