Stress et prévention de la récurrence de la maladie coronarienne

Les facteurs habituellement associés à l'augmentation du risque de maladie coronarienne (MC), tels le régime alimentaire, l'hyperlipidémie, la cigarette, l'inactivité physique et l'hérédité sont maitenant bien connus. Toutefois, Keys et al ainsi que d'autres auteurs ont montré que ces facteurs jouent un rôle dans seulement la moitié ou moins des cas de maladie coronarienne et qu'il y a assez d'exceptions pour indiquer la présence d'autres facteurs étiologiques. L'apparition de cette malade est aussi reliée à des caractéristiques psychologiques et sociales aussi bien qu'à des événements stressants de la vie. Enfin, d'autre études ont suggéré que les survivants d'épisodes coronariens ont une vie plus stressante, parfois aggravée par l'interaction d'autres facteurs intervenant avant, durant, et après l'infarctus ; par exemple, la durée de la maladie, la période de convalescence, l'attitude des amis, les conditions familiales et de travail. La nature de la réaction du patient et de sa famille au stress et aux conflits apparaît alors essentielle pour déterminer s'il y aura ou non rechute de la maladie ou nécessité d'une réhospitalisation. De plus, en s'appuyant sur les précédentes données, il devrait être possible de prédire, par la surveillance du niveau de stress, à quel moment une personne atteinte de cette maladie aura un nouvel épisode coronarien. Mieux encore, il devrait être possible d'aider les patients à résoudre les problèmes qui engendrent ce stress et dans certains cas, prévenir ainsi les rechutes.A good deal of recent research suggests that a period of mounting life stress is a precursor of many physical illnesses, including episodes of coronary heart disease (CHD). It should be possible then, by monitoring levels of stress to predict when a high risk individual is likely to suffer a further illness episode, and in some cases to prevent the episode by alleviating stress producing problems.Based on this concept, we have telephone-monitored (at monthly intervals) 37 CHD patients discharged from the coronary unit of the Montreal General Hospital. Stress was measured using a 20-item, self-report scale (Goldberg), and charted for each patient over a seven month period. When a patient's stress rose above a critical level he received a home visit by the project nurse, who investigated his problems and attempted to alleviate them. Interventions varied from simple reassurance to referral for psychiatric treatment or legal aid.Monitoring stress in this way revealed a picture remarkably like the theoretical model. None of the 15 consistently low-scoring patients required rehospitalization. Eleven patients had low scores at the time of discharge, but their scores rose above the critical level in subsequent months. Nine of them responded in a gratifying way- to the home visit and subsequent intervention by the nurse, and none required rehospitalization. The one patient of this type who did require hospitalization had not received a home visit because no nurse was available at the time. Four of the nine patients with consistently high scores required eight rehospitalization s for CHD episodes. These patients seemed to be chronically stressed, and often required continuous support from the nurse.Our study suggests that life stress may be more important than the traditional physical risk factors (obesity, smoking, hypertension, family history of CHD, lack of exercise) in the etiology of recurrent CHD when patients receive adequate medical care.Some of our findings suggest that the nurse's interventions do reduce rehospitalizations, but a large scale controlled study is called for.We conclude that this technique is worth further evaluation, both as a research method and as a practical device for the prevention of rehospitalization of CHD patients and of other types of episodic illnesses

Attitudes Toward and Extent of Leasing in the Printing Industry

Since 1955 the printing industry has been looking at leasing as a means of financing. There have been controversy over the advantages of leasing and what benefits it can be expected to offer. This project was undertaken because of the small amount of research in this area and because of the lack a combined body of knowledge about leasing. A third reason for undertaking this study was because of the financial pressure, especially in this continued era of tight money, which forces the search for new answers to capitalization. The study was carried out by mailing a questionnaire, covering letter and business reply envelop to each commercial printer in the in the sample. (see more in text

The Roles of Campus Protection Services for Students’Safety: A Case of a Higher Education Institution in South Africa

Purpose: Students’ safety and security problem have been reported as a regular problem across institutions of higher learning in South Africa. This paper departs from regularly reported cases of theft in student belongings in a South African university. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles and involvement of the Campus Protection Services (CPS) in ensuring students’ safety in an identified institution of learning.Methodology: The paper report findings obtained through the mixed methods approach which used questionnaires – with 265 cases returned and analyzed with document analysis to support the quantitative results.Findings: The main findings reveal in descending order, that the main forms of campus crimes are theft, mugging, damage to property, robbery, assault, and stalking. Ascribed reasons to these crimes were administrative shortfalls, broken equipment, frequent substance abuse and students’ negligence and lifestyle. This paper recommends that campus management and security departments reach a holistic solution that brings together all stakeholder of the learning environment, thus establishing baseline policies for keeping students and their belongings safe in a typical learning environment.Originality/Value: This research assesses The Roles of Campus Protection Services for Students ‘Safety in South Africa

Alternative Methods of Marginal Abatement Cost Estimation: Non- Parametric Si Stance Functions

This project implements a economic methodology to measure the marginal abatement costs of pollution by measuring the lost revenue implied by an incremental reduction in pollution. It utilizes observed performance, or `best practice`, of facilities to infer the marginal abatement cost. The initial stage of the project is to use data from an earlier published study on productivity trends and pollution in electric utilities to test this approach and to provide insights on its implementation to issues of cost-benefit analysis studies needed by the Department of Energy. The basis for this marginal abatement cost estimation is a relationship between the outputs and the inputs of a firm or plant. Given a fixed set of input resources, including quasi-fixed inputs like plant and equipment and variable inputs like labor and fuel, a firm is able to produce a mix of outputs. This paper uses this theoretical view of the joint production process to implement a methodology and obtain empirical estimates of marginal abatement costs. These estimates are compared to engineering estimates

Serum Midkine, estimated glomerular filtration rate and chronic kidney disease-related events in elderly women: Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging Women

© 2020, The Author(s). Midkine (MDK), a heparin-binding growth factor cytokine, is involved in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases by augmenting leukocyte trafficking and activation. Animal models and small case control studies have implicated MDK as a pathological biomarker in chronic kidney diseases (CKD), however this is yet to be confirmed in prospective human studies. In a prospective study of 499 elderly, predominantly Caucasian women aged over 70 years the association between serum MDK collected in 1998, and renal function change and the risk of CKD-related hospitalisations and deaths at 5 and 14.5 years, respectively, was examined. Baseline serum MDK was not associated with 5-year change in estimated glomerular filtration rate using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine and cystatin C equation (Standardised β = − 0.09, 95% confidence interval − 3.76–0.48, p = 0.129), 5-year rapid decline in renal function (odds ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.46–2.02, p = 0.927) or the risk of 14.5-year CKD-related hospitalisations and deaths (hazard ratio = 1.27, 95% confidence interval.66–2.46, p = 0.470) before or after adjusting for major risk factors. In conclusion, in this cohort of elderly women with normal or mildly impaired renal function, serum MDK was not associated with renal function change or future CKD-related hospitalisations and deaths, suggesting that MDK may not be an early biomarker for progression of CKD

A qualitative study of carers' experiences of dementia cafes : a place to feel supported and be yourself

Abstract Background Unpaid, informal carers or caregivers play an important role in supporting people living with dementia but the role can be challenging and carers themselves may benefit from support. Alzheimer’s, dementia or memory cafés are one such form of support . These cafés are usually provided in the voluntary sector and are a place where people with dementia and those supporting them, usually family carers, can meet with others in similar situations. Methods Using semi-structured interviews, this qualitative study explored the experiences of 11 carers from five dementia cafés in and around London, England. Results Thematic analysis resulted in the identification of four key themes. Cafés provide a relaxed, welcoming atmosphere where carers can go where they feel supported and accepted. Café attendance often brought a sense of normality to these carers’ lives. Carers and those they care for look forward to going and often enjoy both the activities provided and socialising with others. Other highlighted benefits included peer support from other carers, information provision and support from the volunteer café coordinators. Despite diversity in how the cafés were run and in the activities offered, there were many reported similarities amongst carers in the value ascribed to attending the cafés. Conclusions Dementia cafés appear to be a valuable, perhaps unique form of support for carers giving them brief respite from their caring role. Future research incorporating mixed methods is needed to understand the perspectives of those living with dementia

Phosphorus poisoning during wet oxidation of methane over Pd@CeO2/graphite model catalysts

10siThe influence of phosphorus and water on methane catalytic combustion was studied over Pd@CeO2 model catalysts supported on graphite, designed to be suitable for X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy/Synchrotron Radiation Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS/SRPES) analysis. In the absence of P, the catalyst was active for the methane oxidation reaction, although introduction of 15% H2O to the reaction mixture did cause reversible deactivation. In the presence of P, both thermal and chemical aging treatments resulted in partial loss of activity due to morphological transformation of the catalyst, as revealed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis. At 600 °C the combined presence of PO43− and water vapor caused a rapid, irreversible deactivation of the catalyst. XPS/SRPES analysis, combined with operando X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) and AFM measurements, indicated that water induces severe aggregation of CeO2 nanoparticles, exposure of CePO4 on the outer layer of the aggregates and incorporation of the catalytic-active Pd nanoparticles into the bulk. This demonstrates a temperature-activated process for P-poisoning of oxidation catalysts in which water vapor plays a crucial role.partially_openembargoed_20171009Monai, Matteo; Montini, Tiziano; Melchionna, Michele; Duchoň, Tomáš; Kúš, Peter; Tsud, Nataliya; Prince, Kevin C.; Matolin, Vladimir; Gorte, Raymond J.; Fornasiero, PaoloMonai, Matteo; Montini, Tiziano; Melchionna, Michele; Duchoň, Tomáš; Kúš, Peter; Tsud, Nataliya; Prince, Kevin C.; Matolin, Vladimir; Gorte, Raymond J.; Fornasiero, Paol

Fleeting Perceptual Experience and the Possibility of Recalling Without Seeing

We explore an intensely debated problem in neuroscience, psychology and philosophy: the degree to which the “phenomenological consciousness” of the experience of a stimulus is separable from the “access consciousness” of its reportability. Specifically, it has been proposed that these two measures are dissociated from one another in one, or both directions. However, even if it was agreed that reportability and experience were doubly dissociated, the limits of dissociation logic mean we would not be able to conclusively separate the cognitive processes underlying the two. We take advantage of computational modelling and recent advances in state-trace analysis to assess this dissociation in an attentional/experiential blink paradigm. These advances in state-trace analysis make use of Bayesian statistics to quantify the evidence for and against a dissociation. Further evidence is obtained by linking our finding to a prominent model of the attentional blink – the Simultaneous Type/Serial Token model. Our results show evidence for a dissociation between experience and reportability, whereby participants appear able to encode stimuli into working memory with little, if any, conscious experience of them. This raises the possibility of a phenomenon that might be called sight-blind recall, which we discuss in the context of the current experience/reportability debate

TERF Wars: Introduction

No abstract available