Analisis pengaruh religiusitas terhadap perilaku konsumtif santri di Pesantren Al-hikmah Tugurejo Semarang

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh aspek religiusitas santri di pesantren Al-Hikmah Tugurejo Semarang, Apakah aspek religiusitas seseorang berpengaruh terhadap perilaku konsumtifnya. Selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh religiusitas terhadap perilaku konsumtif santri di Pesantren Al-Hikmah Tugurejo Semarang. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi sederhana. Sedangkan teknik pengambilan sample menggunakan teknik random sampling yang disebar kepada 119 responden. Item kuesioner terdiri dari 9 item pertanyaan religiusitas dan 20 pertanyaan perilaku konsumtif. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan validitas beberapa item kuesioner dapat disimpulkan bahwa rhitung keseluruhan indikator yang diuji bernilai positif dan lebih besar dari nilai rtabel mempunyai signifikansi <0,05. Sedangkan hasil reliabilitasnya menggunakan metode aplpha cronbach menghasilkan variabel x sebesar 0,716 dan variabel y sebesar 0,731 artinya memiliki koefisien alpha lebih besar daripada 0,60 menunjukkan bahwa tes tersebut acceptable. Hasil korelasi/hubungan (R) menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh variabel X terhadap variabel Y adalah sebesar 33,9% berarti bahwa variable x mampu mempengaruhi variable y sebesar 33,9% sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain selain religiusitas. Nilai t hitung sebesar =3,633 dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 <0,05, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima, yang berarti ada pengaruh variabel religiusitas (X) terhadap variabel perilaku konsumtif (Y)

SARS-CoV-2 uses CD4 to infect T helper lymphocytes

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent of a major global outbreak of respiratory tract disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infects mainly lungs and may cause several immune-related complications, such as lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm, which are associated with the severity of the disease and predict mortality. The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in immune system dysfunction is still not fully understood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects human CD4+ T helper cells, but not CD8+ T cells, and is present in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage T helper cells of severe COVID-19 patients. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) directly binds to the CD4 molecule, which in turn mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in T helper cells. This leads to impaired CD4 T cell function and may cause cell death. SARS-CoV-2-infected T helper cells express higher levels of IL-10, which is associated with viral persistence and disease severity. Thus, CD4-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of T helper cells may contribute to a poor immune response in COVID-19 patients.</p

SARS-CoV-2 uses CD4 to infect T helper lymphocytes

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent of a major global outbreak of respiratory tract disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infects mainly lungs and may cause several immune-related complications, such as lymphocytopenia and cytokine storm, which are associated with the severity of the disease and predict mortality. The mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in immune system dysfunction is still not fully understood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects human CD4+ T helper cells, but not CD8+ T cells, and is present in blood and bronchoalveolar lavage T helper cells of severe COVID-19 patients. We demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (S) directly binds to the CD4 molecule, which in turn mediates the entry of SARS-CoV-2 in T helper cells. This leads to impaired CD4 T cell function and may cause cell death. SARS-CoV-2-infected T helper cells express higher levels of IL-10, which is associated with viral persistence and disease severity. Thus, CD4-mediated SARS-CoV-2 infection of T helper cells may contribute to a poor immune response in COVID-19 patients.</p

supplementary data

This zipped directory contains NEXUS files and tree files from which nucleotide diagnoses were computed, and morphometric data and R script for PCA and LDA analyses

Data from: Systematics and diversification of Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea)

Tapeworms of the genus Anindobothrium Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 are found in both marine and Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae. The patterns of host association within the genus support the most recent hypothesis about the history of diversification of potamotrygonids, which suggests that the ancestor of freshwater lineages of the Potamotrygonidae colonized South American river systems through marine incursion events. Despite the relevance of the genus Anindobothrium to understand the history of colonization and diversification of potamotrygonids, no additional efforts were done to better investigate the phylogenetic relationship of this taxon with other lineages of cestodes since its erection. This study is a result of recent collecting efforts to sample members of the genus in marine and freshwater potamotrygonids that enabled the most extensive documentation of the fauna of Anindobothrium parasitizing species of Styracura de Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva, Potamotrygon schroederi Fernández-Yépez, P. orbignyi (Castelnau) and P. yepezi Castex & Castello from six different countries, representing the eastern Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and river basins in South America (Rio Negro, Orinoco, and Maracaibo). The newly collected material provided additional specimens for morphological studies and molecular samples for subsequent phylogenetic analyses that allowed us to address the phylogenetic position of Anindobothrium and provide molecular and morphological evidence to recognize two additional species for the genus. The taxonomic actions that followed our analyses included the proposition of a new family, Anindobothriidae fam. n., to accommodate the genus Anindobothrium in the order Rhinebothriidea Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster & Littlewood, 2009 and the description of two new species — one from the eastern Pacific Ocean, A. carrioni sp. n., and the other from the Caribbean Sea, A. inexpectatum sp. n. In addition, we also present a redescription of the type species of the genus, A. anacolum (Brooks, 1977) Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001, and of A. lisae Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001. We also discuss the paleogeographical events mostly linked with the diversification of the genus and the protocols adopted to uncover cryptic diversity in Anindobothrium

Partition model tests for ML phylogenetic analyses including haplotypes of <i>Anindobothrium</i>.

<p>Partition model tests for ML phylogenetic analyses including haplotypes of <i>Anindobothrium</i>.</p

Systematics and diversification of <i>Anindobothrium</i> Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 (Eucestoda: Rhinebothriidea)

<div><p>Tapeworms of the genus <i>Anindobothrium</i> Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001 are found in both marine and Neotropical freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae. The patterns of host association within the genus support the most recent hypothesis about the history of diversification of potamotrygonids, which suggests that the ancestor of freshwater lineages of the Potamotrygonidae colonized South American river systems through marine incursion events. Despite the relevance of the genus <i>Anindobothrium</i> to understand the history of colonization and diversification of potamotrygonids, no additional efforts were done to better investigate the phylogenetic relationship of this taxon with other lineages of cestodes since its erection. This study is a result of recent collecting efforts to sample members of the genus in marine and freshwater potamotrygonids that enabled the most extensive documentation of the fauna of <i>Anindobothrium</i> parasitizing species of <i>Styracura</i> de Carvalho, Loboda & da Silva, <i>Potamotrygon schroederi</i> Fernández-Yépez, <i>P. orbignyi</i> (Castelnau) and <i>P. yepezi</i> Castex & Castello from six different countries, representing the eastern Pacific Ocean, Caribbean Sea, and river basins in South America (Rio Negro, Orinoco, and Maracaibo). The newly collected material provided additional specimens for morphological studies and molecular samples for subsequent phylogenetic analyses that allowed us to address the phylogenetic position of <i>Anindobothrium</i> and provide molecular and morphological evidence to recognize two additional species for the genus. The taxonomic actions that followed our analyses included the proposition of a new family, Anindobothriidae fam. n., to accommodate the genus <i>Anindobothrium</i> in the order Rhinebothriidea Healy, Caira, Jensen, Webster & Littlewood, 2009 and the description of two new species—one from the eastern Pacific Ocean, <i>A. carrioni</i> sp. n., and the other from the Caribbean Sea, <i>A. inexpectatum</i> sp. n. In addition, we also present a redescription of the type species of the genus, <i>A. anacolum</i> (Brooks, 1977) Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001, and of <i>A. lisae</i> Marques, Brooks & Lasso, 2001. Finally, we discuss the paleogeographical events mostly linked with the diversification of the genus and the protocols adopted to uncover cryptic diversity in <i>Anindobothrium</i>.</p></div