Оцінка мікробіологічних, фізико–хімічних показників та гідротехнічна характеристика води у ставах для вирощування товарної риби Національного природничого парку «Подільські Товтри»

The results of the study of the basic physical, chemical, microbiological and hydrochemical characteristics of water ponds for growing freshwater fish. Data analysis hydrochemical regime studied ponds throughout the observation period showed that it was relatively stable fluctuated within small and do not exceed the maximum allowable substances in water. PH of water management ponds research ranged 6.1 – 7.5. Nitrites and nitrates were also in small concentrations that do not exceed regulatory and amounted to 0.1 mg N/l and 1.1 mg N/l. Established in the summer studied water samples contained more E.coli, than in the spring and autumn months and had a circle–titer less than 0.1 in 18.3% of cases. Indicator KMAFAnM water was almost 13 times higher in summer compared to spring and autumn. KilkistE.coli fall in surface water was on average within 1 – 3 CFU / cm3, and in the summer 6– 9. In the bottom water kilkistE.coli autumn was on average within 0 – 1 CFU / cm3, and in the summer 5 – 9 cfu / cm3. Indicator Value KMAFAnM in the mud was higher than the value in the bottom water fall nearly 210 times in the summer – in 417 times.Наведені результати вивчення основних фізико–хімічних, мікробіологічних показників та гідрохімічної характеристики води  ставів з вирощування прісноводної риби. Аналіз даних гідрохімічного режиму досліджуваних ставів  протягом всього періоду спостережень показав, що він був відносно стабільним, коливався в незначних межах і не перевищував гранично допустимих речовин у воді. Рівень рН води дослідних ставів господарства коливався в межах 6,1 – 7,5. Нітрити і нітрати знаходилися також у незначних концентраціях, які не перевищували нормативних і становили відповідно  0,1 мг N/л та 1,1 мг N/л. Встановлено, що влітку досліджувані проби води містили більшу кількість E.coli, ніж у  весняно–осінні місяці та мали колі–титр менше 0,1 у 18,3% випадків. Показник КМАФАнМ у воді був майже в 13 разів більшим влітку порівняно із весняно–осіннім періодом. КількістьE.coli в поверхневій воді  восени була в середньому в межах 1–3 КУО/см3 , а влітку 6–9. У придонній воді кількістьE.coli  восени була в середньому в межах 0–1 КУО/см3 , а влітку 5–9 КУО/см3 . Значення показника КМАФАнМ в мулі було більшим за це значення в придонній воді восени майже в 210 разів, а влітку – в 417 разів

Оцінка показників якості і безпечності молока при надходженні на молококопереробне підприємство від різних суб’єктів господарювання

The work was performed under conditions of JSC «Gorodenkovskiy cheese» Ivano–Frankivsk region. Ob'yektom study was raw milk that came from different entities. Milk studied organoleptic and laboratory methods for conventional methods. Navedeni results of the study parameters of quality and safety of milk, which reported on molokokopererobne company from different entities, collective farms, private farms. The studies have shown that milk from entities in milk business reported first grade from private farms – the second, as evidenced by indicators titrated acidity – 17.5 ± 0.56 ºT and 19.3 ± 0.4 ºT respectively. Milk from individual farms to milk processing company reported non–refrigerated – 14.1 ± 0.5 ° C, cooled entities with an average temperature 8.3 ± 0.1 °C, which is likely to affect its quality. Density commodity raw milk obtained from farms of different ownership did not differ significantly (P < 0.05) fat 3.5 ± 0.25%, protein and 3.0 ± 0.07, than in samples obtained from entities that can be oznakoyuyoho alleged fraud, or increased stress on the metabolism. To guarantee the safety of milk producers should be used as raw material control system at all levels of the food chain, starting with control of mineral fertilizers and plant protection products in pastures, sources of water intake, health and welfare and finishing, storage and transportation milk processing enterprisesНаведені результати вивчення показників якості  і безпечності молока, яке надходило на молококопереробне підприємство від різних суб’єктів господарювання:колективних господарств;особистих селянських господарств. Результати проведених досліджень показали, що молоко від суб’єктів господарювання на молокопереробне підприємство надходило першим ґатунком від особистих селянських господарств – другим, що підтверджується показниками титрованої кислотності – 17,5 ± 0,56 ºТ і 19,3 ± 0,4 ºТ відповідно. Молоко від особистих селянських господарств на молокопереробне підприємство надходило неохолодженим – 14,1 ± 0,5 ºС, від суб’єктів господарювання охолодженим із середньою температурою 8,3 ± 0,1 ºС, що вірогідно впливає на його якість. Густина сирого товарного молока отриманого від господарств різних форм власності вірогідно не відрізнялася (Р < 0,05) вмістом жиру 3,5 ± 0,25%, та білку 3,0 ± 0,07, ніж у пробах отриманих від суб’єктів господарювання, що може бути ознакоюйого ймовірної фальсифікації, або підвищеним навантаження на обмін речовин

Перетравністьпоживнихречовин за використання різних селеновмісних добавок в раціоні бичків

The results of studies on the productive performance of bulls and digestibility of feed for selenovmisnyh using different additives in their diet. Found that different drugs selenovmistni essentially no effect on feed intake bullocks research groups. Each head control group spent on average for dobu618 g of digestible protein abo100 grams per fodder unit. And 1 and 2 and the experimental group comprised those costs 617 – 619 g per 1 head abotezh100 g of 1 fodder unit. This average daily animal 1 st and 2 research groups prevailed over control respectively 67 grams, or 8.7% (P < 0.05); 82 g, or 10.8% (P < 0.001). It is noted that the increase of selenium in the diet positively affected the digestibility coefficients of nutrients in animal research groups: dry matter intake in the control group peretravlyuvalasya bulls at 67.8%, while the animal 1–2 th research groups 71.3 –72% which is 5.1% more than –6.1; digestibility of crude oil bulls in control 56.2% in research on 9,3–10,2% (P < 0.05) more. At the highest digestibility coefficients of crude oil recorded in bychkiv2 nd experimental group that received a diet supplement selenovmisnu «Devivit». MAR digestibility compared to control animals of the 1st experimental group difference was 5.5; 2nd pilot – 6.5%. In general, better digestibility of nutrients obtained in a group of animals fed a diet drug selenovmisnyy "Devivit."Наведено результати досліджень з вивчення продуктивних показників бичків та перетравності кормів за використання різних селеновмісних добавок у їх раціонах. Встановлено, що різні селеновмістні препарати істотно не вплинули на споживання кормів бичками дослідних груп. На кожну голову контрольної групи було витрачено в середньому за добу618 г перетравного протеїну, або100 г на одну кормову одиницю. А у 1 і 2–й дослідних группах ці витрати складали 617 – 619 г на 1 голову, аботеж100 г на 1 кормову одиницю. При цьому середньодобові прирости тварин 1 і 2–ї дослідних груп переважали над контролем відповідно на 67 г, або 8,7% (Р < 0,05); 82 г, або 10,8% (Р < 0,001). Відмічено, що збільшення вмісту селену в раціоні позитивно вплинуло на коефіцієнти перетравності поживних речовин у тварин дослідних груп:суха речовина раціону у бичків  контрольної групи перетравлювалася на 67,8%, тоді як тварин 1–2–ї  дослідних  груп 71,3 –72 %, що на 5,1 –6.1 %  більше; перетравність сирого жиру у контрольних бичків  56,2%, у дослідних на 9,3–10,2 % (Р < 0,05) більше. Причому найвищі коефіцієнти перетравності сирого жиру відмічені у бичків2–ї дослідної групи, яка  отримувала в раціоні селеновмісну добавку  «Девівіт». Перетравність БЕР порівняно з контролем у тварин 1–ї дослідної групи різниця становила 5,5; 2–ї  дослідної – 6,5%. У цілому кращі результати з перетравності поживних речовин отримані в групі тварин, яким згодовували в раціоні  селеновмісний препарат «Девівіт»

Percepção de professores sobre epilepsia

PURPOSE: To identify in a town of Brazil the knowledge, attitude and perception of epilepsy in teachers of elementary schools and to compare these before and after a training exercise. METHODS: Teachers of nine public schools of Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Brazil completed a questionnaire. Two researchers had meetings with teachers, presenting the Global Campaign Epilepsy out of the shadows, when the questionnaire was first completed by all attendees. Twenty teachers of these schools were motivated to attend a training course entitled Epilepsy and Health as part of their continuous education programme. Two years later the same questionnaire was again completed (post-test) by these 20 teachers. RESULTS: 100 teachers originally completed the questionnaire (97 women, mean age 42 years, 64 married). Forty-three percent of teachers said that they had enough knowledge regarding epilepsy and 20% said that they had poor knowledge about the condition. Regarding the IQ of children with epilepsy, 45% of teachers believed that they had average IQ, 18% above average, six percent under average and 29% did not know. Teachers believed that children with epilepsy have a higher possibility of acquiring mental disease in the future (51%); that epilepsy is a disease (68%); that epilepsy is contagious (1%); epilepsy is treatable (90%). After the course, the teachers beliefs seem to have improved. DISCUSSION: This work with elementary school teachers identified difficulties related to epilepsy which, if addressed, may help promote better quality of life of people with epilepsy in the community and help to decrease stigma attached to the condition. Better informed teachers are likely to have a more positive attitude and this will be passed to others. Educational campaigns about epilepsy amongst teachers should be encouraged as this may improve the management of epilepsy, by helping to develop a well informed and tolerant community.OBJETIVO: Identificar atitudes e percepção dos professores do ensino fundamental a respeito da epilepsia, antes e depois de um curso específico sobre o tema. MÉTODO: Participaram da pesquisa professores de nove escolas da rede pública do ensino fundamental de Barão Geraldo, distrito de Campinas, SP. Dois pesquisadores reuniram-se com os professores e apresentaram a Campanha Global Epilepsia fora das sombras, momento também em que os questionários foram aplicados. Vinte professores ficaram motivados para fazer o curso de extensão Temas transversais: epilepsia e saúde. Após este curso, os questionários foram re-aplicados. RESULTADOS: Foram aplicados 100 questionários em professores das nove escolas, sendo que: noventa e sete professores eram do sexo feminino, idade média de 42 (D.P. 22 a 63) e 64 estavam casados. Quarenta e três professores declararam possuir conhecimento sobre epilepsia abaixo da média e 20, disseram possuir um pobre conhecimento sobre a condição. No que diz respeito à idéias sobre epilepsia, os professores acham que: as crianças com epilepsia tem QI igual (45%), na média (18%), abaixo da média (6%) e não sabem opinar (29%); crianças com epilepsia têm maior chance de terem doença mental no futuro (51%); a epilepsia é uma doença (68%); a epilepsia é contagiosa (1%); a epilepsia é tratável (90%). Após o curso, crenças e mitos sobre epilepsia dos professores mostraram diferenças significativas. DISCUSSÃO: Idéias errôneas sobre epilepsia podem ser mudadas através de cursos educacionais sobre epilepsia. Este trabalho, realizado com professores do ensino fundamental, visou a identificação das dificuldades relacionadas à epilepsia para promover a redução do estigma. É importante que professores sejam melhor instruídos sobre a epilepsia para consequentemente, ter atitudes mais positivas em relação às crianças com epilepsia. Acreditamos que professores mais capacitados melhoram a maneira de lidar e de se relacionar com crianças com epilepsia, para a construção de uma comunidade bem informada e mais tolerante para lidar com as diferenças.283

Teachers Perception About Epilepsy.

To identify in a town of Brazil the knowledge, attitude and perception of epilepsy in teachers of elementary schools and to compare these before and after a training exercise. Teachers of nine public schools of Barão Geraldo, Campinas, Brazil completed a questionnaire. Two researchers had meetings with teachers, presenting the Global Campaign Epilepsy out of the shadows, when the questionnaire was first completed by all attendees. Twenty teachers of these schools were motivated to attend a training course entitled Epilepsy and Health as part of their continuous education programme. Two years later the same questionnaire was again completed (post-test) by these 20 teachers. 100 teachers originally completed the questionnaire (97 women, mean age 42 years, 64 married). Forty-three percent of teachers said that they had enough knowledge regarding epilepsy and 20% said that they had poor knowledge about the condition. Regarding the IQ of children with epilepsy, 45% of teachers believed that they had average IQ, 18% above average, six percent under average and 29% did not know. Teachers believed that children with epilepsy have a higher possibility of acquiring mental disease in the future (51%); that epilepsy is a disease (68%); that epilepsy is contagious (1%); epilepsy is treatable (90%). After the course, the teachers beliefs seem to have improved. This work with elementary school teachers identified difficulties related to epilepsy which, if addressed, may help promote better quality of life of people with epilepsy in the community and help to decrease stigma attached to the condition. Better informed teachers are likely to have a more positive attitude and this will be passed to others. Educational campaigns about epilepsy amongst teachers should be encouraged as this may improve the management of epilepsy, by helping to develop a well informed and tolerant community.65 Suppl 128-3

Meanings of epilepsy in its sociocultural context and implications for stigma: Findings from ethnographic studies in local communities in China and Vietnam

We investigated beliefs about the causes, course, and treatment of epilepsy and its impact on quality of life (QOL) in key target groups, using “mini-ethnographies” involving 141 in-depth interviews and 12 focus groups in China, and 84 in-depth interviews and 16 focus groups in Vietnam. Data were analyzed thematically, using a qualitative data analysis package. In both countries, beliefs about causes and triggers of epilepsy and seizures were a complex interweaving of Western, traditional, and folk medicine concepts. Epilepsy was understood to be chronic, not curable, but controllable, and was seen as enormously socially disruptive, with wide-ranging impact on QOL. Our findings suggest a more “embodied” and benign set of theories about epilepsy than in some other cultural contexts; nonetheless, people with epilepsy are still seen as having low social value and face social rejection. By exploring meanings attached to epilepsy in these two cultural contexts, we have clarified reasons behind previously documented negative attitudes and foci for future intervention studies

Projeto demonstrativo em epilepsia no Brasil - campanha global contra epilepsia da WHO/ILAE/IBE: preâmbulo

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