Programas de divulgación musical en Televisión Española. Análisis de los formatos de mayor éxito desde la Transición hasta la actualidad

La presente investigación tiene como objeto de estudio los programas catalogados como “de divulgación musical” en las dos principales cadenas de Televisión Española (la 1 y la 2), desde el comienzo de la Transición hasta la actualidad. Mediante la metodología del análisis de contenido, aplicada sobre una muestra de 34 programas extraídos de las cabeceras ‘Popgrama’, ‘Tocata’, ‘Rockopop’, ‘Música Sí’ y ‘La Hora Musa’, el trabajo busca revelar las características predominantes en cada uno de ellos y explorar la evolución de esta clase de formatos en la pequeña pantalla. Asimismo, a través de una tarea de codificación en la que se toman como variables el uso de la música en directo, la presencia de la mujer, el tipo de los géneros musicales que imperan e incluso el idioma en que se realizan las actuaciones de cada intérprete o grupo, se someten a verificación las cinco hipótesis que guían la investigación. Una vez completado el trabajo de campo, el autor del TFG ofrece al lector una acotada radiografía del panorama de la música televisada en España.The object of this investigation is the analysis of the programs classified as “musical disclosure” in the two main Spanish Public Television channels since the starting of the Transition period to nowadays. Through a content analysis methodology and using an example of five highly successful formats (‘Popgrama’, ‘Tocata’, ‘Rockopop’, ‘Música Sí’ and ‘La Hora Musa’) formed by 34 shows, the work searches and codifies the most predominant characteristics of each one of them in a selected season and the evolution of musical formats on the Spanish public television, during the democratic period and over the recent decades after. The collection of data related to live music time, the space of woman in the musical television, the most predominant types of music and the languages verify the five-hypothesis proposed in the research. Finally, the author explores the broadcasted Spanish music all over the last 40 years.Departamento de Historia Moderna, Contemporánea y de América, Periodismo y Comunicación Audiovisual y PublicidadGrado en Periodism

Vpliv podhlajevanja na lomno žilavost martenzitnega nerjavečega jekla AISI 420

Cryogenic treatments have been employed over the last three decades in both tool and high-alloy steels to improve wear resistance, mainly through the transformation of retained austenite and the precipitation of fine carbides. The application of these treatments to low-alloy steels and even to non-ferrous materials is becoming the subject of several investigations, due to their potentiality to reduce wear.The objective of the present work is to characterize the wear behavior of a cryogenically treated low-carbon AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel, by means of pin-on-disk tribological tests. Wear tests were performed according to ASTM G99 standard, under a range of applied normal loads and in two different environments, namely a vaseline bath and an argon atmosphere. Wear tracks were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate wear volume, track geometry, surface features and the tribolayers generated after testing.In this study, it has been experimentally demonstrated that cryogenically treated specimens showed a wear resistance improvement ranging from 35 to 90% compared to conventionally treated ones.Obdelava s podhlajevanjem v zadnjih treh desetletjih, tako za orodja kot za visokolegirana jekla, pomeni izboljsanje njihove odpornosti proti obrabi, predvsem zaradi preoblikovanja zadrzanega avstenita in zgoscevanja finih delcev. Kakorkoli ze, izbolj{anje enega materiala je pogosto, vendar na racun drugega, zato je zanimivo oceniti ucinek takega tipa obdelave na lomno zilavost. Predmet pricujocega dela je bila dolocitev lomne zilavosti kriogensko obdelanega nizkoogljikovega martenzitnega nerjavecega jekla AISI 420, s pomocjo standardiziranih testov zlomov, izvedenih v skladu s standardoma ASTM E399 in ASTM E1820. V studiji je bilo s poizkusi dokazano, da so kriogensko obdelani vzorci pokazali hkratno povecanje KCI in trdote za 30 % in 5 %, v primerjavi s konvencionalno obdelanimi vzorci.Fil: Prieto, Germán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Tuckart, Walter Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería. Laboratorio de Estudio y Ensayo de Materiales; ArgentinaFil: Perez Ipiña, Juan Elias. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentin

Integración de instrumentos técnicos y conceptuales en la enseñanza de la geometría. Una propuesta para la formación inicial de maestros

Este trabajo describe el diseño de una secuencia formativa para el aprendizaje de contenidos de geometría, dirigida a estudiantes para maestros de primaria del Programa Nacional de Formación de Educadores de la Universidad Bolivariana de Venezuela. El diseño busca favorecer el uso de un software de geometría dinámica (Cabri-Géomètre) y de información teórica necesaria para la interpretación del aprendizaje y de la enseñanza de la geometría en la realización de tareas profesionales específicas. La propuesta ha sido organizada en tres temas vinculados entre sí. Para cada tema, se describen los objetivos de aprendizaje, las tareas a ser realizadas por los estudiantes para maestro, la metodología y los recursos. Este diseño constituye un aporte a la formación de maestros a través de la integración de recursos tecnológicos y teoría de Didáctica de la Matemática

Comprehensive analysis of earthquake source spectra in southern California

We compute and analyze P wave spectra from earthquakes in southern California between 1989 and 2001 using a method that isolates source-, receiver-, and path-dependent terms. We correct observed source spectra for attenuation using both fixed and spatially varying empirical Green's function methods. Estimated Brune-type stress drops for over 60,000 M_L = 1.5 to 3.1 earthquakes range from 0.2 to 20 MPa with no dependence on moment or local b value. Median computed stress drop increases with depth in the upper crust, from about 0.6 MPa at the surface to about 2.2 MPa at 8 km, where it levels off and remains nearly constant in the midcrust down to about 20 km. However, the results at shallow depths could also be explained as reduced rupture velocities near the surface rather than a change in stress drop. Spatially coherent variations in median stress drop are observed, with generally low values for the Imperial Valley and Northridge aftershocks and higher values for the eastern Transverse ranges and the north end of the San Jacinto fault. We find no correlation between observed stress drop and distance from the San Andreas and other major faults. Significant along-strike variations in stress drop exist for aftershocks of the 1992 Landers earthquake, which may correlate with differences in main shock slip

How does regionalism unfold? Discussing the relationships of constitution and causation between identity and institutions

Constructivist approaches to regionalism underscore the role of identity and institutions in explaining the unfolding of regionalist projects. Constructivism emphasizes relationships of mutual reinforcement between collective identity and regional institutions once these institutions are created. Identity and institutions are often seen as mutually constituted and caused, but constructivist analyses of regionalism conceptualize these relationships in different manners. Through revising the ontological differentiation between relationships of constitution and causation, this paper shows that constructivism faces serious challenges in providing explanations for the unfolding of regionalism. This paper reviews a number of constructivist approaches that conceptualize in different ways the relationships of constitution and causation between collective identity and regional institutions. While some approaches suggest that regional institutions can be caused by a pre-existing collective identity, some others assert that collective identity can be caused by the creation of regional institutions, where the causes of such creation remain open to other factors. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the capability of constructivism to simultaneously provide constitutive and causal explanations for the unfolding of regionalism. The paper shows that constructivist approaches to regionalism tend to be confusing in the differentiation between constitution and causation, and the consequence is that constructivism usually falls into ‘under-explanation’ or ‘under-specification’ in meeting the end of ‘explaining’ why and how regionalism unfolds. In turn, the paper suggests that constructivism needs to broaden and specify more deeply the conceptualization of causal relationships in this case in order to provide better explanations for the ways in which regionalism develops

Influence of cryogenic treatments on the electrochemical behavior of two martensitic stainless steels

Cryogenic treatment is a useful method for improving the mechanical and tribological properties of a wide range of materials, especially steels. However, results regarding the effect of this treatment on the corrosion resistance are scarce, particularly in the case of martensitic stainless steels. In this research, the influence of cryogenic treatments on the properties of two different martensitic stainless steels, namely AISI 420 and AISI 440C, is investigated. Their microstructures are studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction and correlated with their corrosion resistance. The electrochemical beha vior of the steels is studied by measuring open-circuit potential and under experiments using cyclic anodic potentiodynamic polarization. It is found that the cryogenic treatment does not affect the pitting resistance of AISI 420 steel, but it significantly reduces the ability of AISI 440C to achieve passivation.Криогеннуа обробкуа використовують для підвищення механічних та трибологічних характеристик широкого класу матеріалів, зокрема сталей. Однак, результати, при свячені її впливу на корозійну стійкість сталей, зокрема мартенситних нержавних, нечисленні. Досліджено вплив криогенної обробки на властивості двох різних мар тенситних нержавних сталей: AISI 420 та AISI 440. Їх мікроструктуру вивчали з ви користанням сканівної електронної мікроскопії, методу рентгенівської спектроско пії та порівнювали з їх корозійною стійкістю. Електрохімічні властивості сталей до сліджували за вільного потенціалу корозії та за циклічної анодної потенціодинаміч ної поляризації. Виявили, що криогенна обробка не впливає на стійкість до пітинго утворення сталі AISI 420, але значно знижує здатність до пасиваціїFil: Flamini, Daniel Omar. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tuckart, Walter Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Prieto, Germán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; Argentin

Letter from the Editor

Letter from the editor Our first issue of 2018 is available now. We have 9 articles in this issue, in topics ranging from soil characterization, petrophysical properties of rocks, signal processing of images and GNSS station to asteroid impact effects. Mechanical soil properties in sandy-pebble soil are studied as a function of grain size content in Lu et al. Satellite-derived soil moisture estimation is discussed in Thanabalan and Vidhya, based on a semi-empirical approach and backscattering images. Macroscopic mechanical characteristics of rocks depend on a number of factors, including microstructure damage. Under changing temperature conditions (freeze-thaw) rock samples studied by Jiang show significant strength decrease, which has important consequences in engineering. Advanced signal processing methods are used in Zeng et al. for image retrieval applied to remote sensing data, using a Bayesian network approach. Similarly, Oktar and Erdogan use linear trend and wavelet analysis to continuous GNSS data showing both displacements due to tectonic as well as atmospheric and hydrologic effects. Debris flows can in some cases become serious hazards because they can block river flow as a debris flow dam. Chen et al. propose a method to identify the formation of such dams, with an example from the Er river in Taiwan. Mamaseni et al. study the petrophysical properties of three formations in the Duhok Basin, northern Iran, based on well-log data. Results suggest a significant thickness with good moveable hydrocarbons in the study area. Methane adsorption and gas content are strongly influenced by shale composition. Zhu et al. show that Total Organic Content has a stronger influence on methane adsorption and gas content than the mineral composition, studying samples from the southern Sichuan Basin. Our last contribution in this issue discussed a large asteroid impact in eastern Colombia. The impact would have affected the environment and landscape, but the degree of the effect depends on a number of parameters including size of the impactor, angle of impact, type of rocks in the crust, and much more. A model is proposed by Hernandez and Alexander, that can predict both ejecta deposit distance as well as seismic shaking, and of course thermal radiation. Results of this study provide additional tools for searching for evidences of direct impact craters. Germán PrietoEditor in Chie

Computational analysis of homogeneous nucleation and droplet growth applied to natural gas separators

Una gota de condensado de gas natural se genera a ciertas condiciones termodinámicas a través de tres etapas: sobresaturación, donde el gas tiene más moléculas de las que debería tener en equilibrio, formando “embriones” de fase líquida; nucleación, donde los embriones forman grupos de diferentes formas y tamaños de orden de nanómetros; y el crecimiento de gota, donde el número de moléculas aumenta hasta alcanzar el equilibrio. En este artículo, se analizan la nucleación homogénea y el crecimiento de una gota de gas natural aplicado a separadores gravitacionales operando a condiciones de alta presión (7 MPa). Los resultados mostraron que, a alta presión, el tamaño de gota inicial alcanzado fue de 8,024 nanómetros y el diámetro final de la gota fue de 4,18 micrómetros.A natural gas droplet is generated at certain thermodynamic conditions through three stages: supersaturation, where the gas has more molecules than it should have in equilibrium, forming “embryos” of liquid phase; nucleation, where embryos form groups of different shapes and sizes of nanometer order; and the droplet growth, where the number of molecules increases until equilibrium is reached. In this paper, the homogeneous nucleation and droplet growth of natural gas applied to gravitational separators operating at high pressure conditions (7MPa) are analyzed. The results showed that at a high pressure, the initial drop size reached was 8.024 nanometers and the final diameter of the drop was 4.18 micrometers

Influence of cryogenic treatments on the electrochemical behavior of two martensitic stainless steels

Cryogenic treatment is a useful method for improving the mechanical and tribological properties of a wide range of materials, especially steels. However, results regarding the effect of this treatment on the corrosion resistance are scarce, particularly in the case of martensitic stainless steels. In this research, the influence of cryogenic treatments on the properties of two different martensitic stainless steels, namely AISI 420 and AISI 440C, is investigated. Their microstructures are studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction and correlated with their corrosion resistance. The electrochemical beha vior of the steels is studied by measuring open-circuit potential and under experiments using cyclic anodic potentiodynamic polarization. It is found that the cryogenic treatment does not affect the pitting resistance of AISI 420 steel, but it significantly reduces the ability of AISI 440C to achieve passivation.Криогеннуа обробкуа використовують для підвищення механічних та трибологічних характеристик широкого класу матеріалів, зокрема сталей. Однак, результати, при свячені її впливу на корозійну стійкість сталей, зокрема мартенситних нержавних, нечисленні. Досліджено вплив криогенної обробки на властивості двох різних мар тенситних нержавних сталей: AISI 420 та AISI 440. Їх мікроструктуру вивчали з ви користанням сканівної електронної мікроскопії, методу рентгенівської спектроско пії та порівнювали з їх корозійною стійкістю. Електрохімічні властивості сталей до сліджували за вільного потенціалу корозії та за циклічної анодної потенціодинаміч ної поляризації. Виявили, що криогенна обробка не впливає на стійкість до пітинго утворення сталі AISI 420, але значно знижує здатність до пасиваціїFil: Flamini, Daniel Omar. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Instituto de Ingeniería Electroquímica y Corrosión; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Tuckart, Walter Roberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; ArgentinaFil: Prieto, Germán. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Ingeniería; Argentin