36,061 research outputs found
High repetition rate sealed CO2 TEA lasers using heterogeneous catalysts
The significant operational advantages offered by CO2 lasers, operating in the 10.6 micron region of the spectrum, over current solid state lasers, emitting in the near IR region, have prompted increased interest in the development of compact, reliable, rugged CO2 laser sources. Perhaps the most critical aspect associated with achieving a laser compatible with military use is the development of lasers which require no gas replenishment. Sealed, single shot, CO2 TEA lasers have been available for a number of years. Stark et al were first to demonstrate reliable sealed operation in single shot CO2 TEA lasers in 1975 using gas catalysis. GEC Avionics reported the compact, environmentally qualified, MKIII CO2 TEA laser with a pulse life of greater than 10 to the 6th power pulses in 1980. A sealed laser lifetime of greater than 10 to the 6th power pulses is acceptable for single shot cases, such as direct detection rangefinders for tank laser sights. However, in many other applications, such as tracking of fast moving targets, it is essential that a repetition rate of typically 30Hz to 100Hz is employed. In such cases, a pulse lifetime of 10 to the 6th power pulses is no longer sufficient and a minimum pulse lifetime 10 to the 7th power pulses is essential to ensure a useful service life. In 1983 Stark el al described a sealed, 100Hz CO2 TEA laser, with a life of greater than 2.6 x 10 to the 6th power, which employed heterogeneous catalysis. Following this pioneering work, GEC Avionics has been engaged in the development of sealed high repetition rate lasers with a pulse lifetime of 20 million pulses
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Cnemidophorus hyperythrus
Number of Pages: 6Integrative BiologyGeological Science
Finding Scientific Gems with Google
We apply the Google PageRank algorithm to assess the relative importance of
all publications in the Physical Review family of journals from 1893--2003.
While the Google number and the number of citations for each publication are
positively correlated, outliers from this linear relation identify some
exceptional papers or "gems" that are universally familiar to physicists.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, 2-column revtex4 forma
Photoproduction of Xi off nucleons
The photoproduction reaction is investigated based on
a relativistic meson-exchange model of hadronic interactions. The production
amplitude is calculated in the tree-level approximation from relevant effective
Lagrangians, whose (coupling constant) parameters are mostly fixed from the
empirical data and/or quark models together with SU(3) symmetry considerations.
Gauge invariance of the resulting amplitude is maintained by introducing the
contact currents by extending the gauge-invariant approach of Haberzettl for
one-meson photoproduction to two-meson photoproduction. The role of the
intermediate low-lying hyperons and of the intermediate higher-mass hyperon
resonances are analyzed in detail. In particular, the basic features of the
production of in and their possible
manifestations in the forthcoming experimental data are discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 17 figures, REVTeX, 1 figure added, to appear in Phys. Rev.
Use of remote sensing techniques for geological hazard surveys in vegetated urban regions
The feasibility of using aerial photography for lithologic differentiation in a heavily vegetated region is investigated using multispectral imagery obtained from LANDSAT satellite and aircraft-borne photography. Delineating and mapping of localized vegetal zones can be accomplished by the use of remote sensing because a difference in morphology and physiology results in different natural reflectances or signatures. An investigation was made to show that these local plant zones are affected by altitude, topography, weathering, and gullying; but are controlled by lithology. Therefore, maps outlining local plant zones were used as a basis for lithologic map construction
Pre- and Post-selection paradoxes and contextuality in quantum mechanics
Many seemingly paradoxical effects are known in the predictions for outcomes
of intermediate measurements made on pre- and post-selected quantum systems.
Despite appearances, these effects do not demonstrate the impossibility of a
noncontextual hidden variable theory, since an explanation in terms of
measurement-disturbance is possible. Nonetheless, we show that for every
paradoxical effect wherein all the pre- and post- selected probabilities are 0
or 1 and the pre- and post-selected states are nonorthogonal, there is an
associated proof of contextuality. This proof is obtained by considering all
the measurements involved in the paradoxical effect -- the pre-selection, the
post-selection, and the alternative possible intermediate measurements -- as
alternative possible measurements at a single time.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. v2.0 revised in the
light of referee comments, results unchange
Late-Time Behavior of Stellar Collapse and Explosions: I. Linearized Perturbations
Problem with the figures should be corrected. Apparently a broken uuencoder
was the cause.Comment: 16pp, RevTex, 6 figures (included), NSF-ITP-93-8
Opposite Arrows of Time Can Reconcile Relativity and Nonlocality
We present a quantum model for the motion of N point particles, implying
nonlocal (i.e., superluminal) influences of external fields on the
trajectories, that is nonetheless fully relativistic. In contrast to other
models that have been proposed, this one involves no additional space-time
structure as would be provided by a (possibly dynamical) foliation of
space-time. This is achieved through the interplay of opposite microcausal and
macrocausal (i.e., thermodynamic) arrows of time.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures; v5: section headlines adde
The length of time's arrow
An unresolved problem in physics is how the thermodynamic arrow of time
arises from an underlying time reversible dynamics. We contribute to this issue
by developing a measure of time-symmetry breaking, and by using the work
fluctuation relations, we determine the time asymmetry of recent single
molecule RNA unfolding experiments. We define time asymmetry as the
Jensen-Shannon divergence between trajectory probability distributions of an
experiment and its time-reversed conjugate. Among other interesting properties,
the length of time's arrow bounds the average dissipation and determines the
difficulty of accurately estimating free energy differences in nonequilibrium
experiments
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