Análisis de la cuenca del río Portoviejo y el plan de contingencia ante el fenómeno de el niño

In the presence of natural disasters due to strong phenomena, the contingency plan is a procedure to consider, because it faces environmental catastrophes, whether the product of activities carried out by humanity or of natural origin. The following research paper addresses geological analyses of the Portoviejo River Basin and contingency plans for floods. For the study, the type of methodology is descriptive and explanatory, due to the analysis of regulations related to Hydrology and Hydraulics. The design is bibliographic, because the data collections are collected through articles, reliable and qualitative web pages. The methods, techniques and instruments of data collection in this research aim to collect relevant data and truthful for further analysis and processing. To meet this goal, deductive methods are used to study the local reality of the Portoviejo River; analytical, in order to break down the subject into its elements to observe its characteristics; and historical, in order to obtain truthful information and systematize it to have knowledge of the local history of the Portoviejo River. The location in which we work based on the research is the Portoviejo river basin, located in Ecuador, whose geographical coordinates are 04º59'27 south latitude and 80º407'58" Western longitude.En la presencia de desastres naturales por fenómenos fuertes, el plan de contingencia es un procedimiento a considerar, pues hace frente oportuno ante catástrofes ambientales, ya sea producto de actividades desarrolladas por la humanidad o de origen natural. El siguiente trabajo de investigación aborda los análisis geológicos de la Cuenca del Río Portoviejo y los planes de contingencia para inundaciones. Para el estudio el tipo de metodología es descriptiva y explicativa, debido al análisis de reglamentaciones relacionadas con la Hidrología e Hidráulica. El diseño es bibliográfico, debido a que las recopilaciones de datos son recogidas por medio de artículos, páginas web confiables y cualitativa. Los métodos, técnicas e instrumentos de recopilación de datos en esta investigación tienen el objetivo de recabar datos relevantes y veraces para su posterior análisis y procesamiento. Para cumplir esta meta, se emplean métodos deductivos, para estudiar la realidad local del río Portoviejo; analíticos, con el fin de descomponer el tema en sus elementos para observar sus características; e históricos, a motivo de obtener información verídica y sistematizarla para tener conocimiento de la historia local del río Portoviejo. La localización en la que se trabaja en base a la investigación es la cuenca del río Portoviejo, ubicado en Ecuador, cuyas coordenadas geográficas son de 04º59'27 latitud sur y 80º407'58" de longitud Occidental

Plan de contingencia ante el fenómeno de ´´El Niño´´ en la ciudad de Chone.

El Plan de contingencia tiene como finalidad seguir con el funcionamiento de las actividades en una población ante la presencia de desastres naturales como las inundaciones provocadas por el fenómeno de El Niño. El objetivo de la investigación es elaborar una propuesta de Plan de contingencia ante el fenómeno de ´´El Niño´´ en la ciudad de Chone, para ello se utilizó la metodología cualitativa, descriptiva y explicativa, a través de técnicas se recopiló información relevante para su posterior análisis, como temperatura y precipitación, asimismo, mediante artículos científicos y páginas web de información confiable se obtuvieron datos relevantes para estudiar la  zona de estudio que estuvo localizada en la subcuenca del río Chone en las coordenadas 1 4'15.04"S, 79 52'11.79''W

Analysis of the Portoviejo River basin and the contingency plan for the el niño phenomenon

En la presencia de desastres naturales por fenómenos fuertes, el plan de contingencia es un procedimiento a considerar, pues hace frente oportuno ante catástrofes ambientales, ya sea producto de actividades desarrolladas por la humanidad o de origen natural. El siguiente trabajo de investigación aborda los análisis geológicos de la Cuenca del Río Portoviejo y los planes de contingencia para inundaciones. Para el estudio el tipo de metodología es descriptiva y explicativa, debido al análisis de reglamentaciones relacionadas con la Hidrología e Hidráulica. El diseño es bibliográfico, debido a que las recopilaciones de datos son recogidas por medio de artículos, páginas web confiables y cualitativa. Los métodos, técnicas e instrumentos de recopilación de datos en esta investigación tienen el objetivo de recabar datos relevantes y veraces para su posterior análisis y procesamiento. Para cumplir esta meta, se emplean métodos deductivos, para estudiar la realidad local del río Portoviejo; analíticos, con el fin de descomponer el tema en sus elementos para observar sus características; e históricos, a motivo de obtener información verídica y sistematizarla para tener conocimiento de la historia local del río Portoviejo. La localización en la que se trabaja en base a la investigación es la cuenca del río Portoviejo, ubicado en Ecuador, cuyas coordenadas geográficas son de 04º59'27 latitud sur y 80º407'58" de longitud OccidentalIn the presence of natural disasters due to strong phenomena, the contingency plan is a procedure to consider, because it faces environmental catastrophes, whether the product of activities carried out by humanity or of natural origin. The following research paper addresses geological analyses of the Portoviejo River Basin and contingency plans for floods. For the study, the type of methodology is descriptive and explanatory, due to the analysis of regulations related to Hydrology and Hydraulics. The design is bibliographic, because the data collections are collected through articles, reliable and qualitative web pages. The methods, techniques and instruments of data collection in this research aim to collect relevant data and truthful for further analysis and processing. To meet this goal, deductive methods are used to study the local reality of the Portoviejo River; analytical, in order to break down the subject into its elements to observe its characteristics; and historical, in order to obtain truthful information and systematize it to have knowledge of the local history of the Portoviejo River. The location in which we work based on the research is the Portoviejo river basin, located in Ecuador, whose geographical coordinates are 04º59'27 south latitude and 80º407'58" Western longitude. &nbsp

Diseño de estructuras para viviendas de hasta dos pisos aplicando la norma NEC-11 y la norma ASCE 7 en la ciudad de Quito

Basados en una recopilación de información acerca del origen de los sismos, se identificó un alto peligro sísmico en el Ecuador. En la presente disertación, se evaluó dos sistemas estructurales sismo resistentes definidos en el capítulo 10: “VIVIENDA DE HASTA 2 PISOS CON LUCES DE HASTA 5.0 m” de la Norma Ecuatoriana de la Construcción (NEC-11), pórticos a momento y muros portantes, ambos destinados a uso exclusivo de vivienda y construidos de hormigón armado. Se utilizó el programa Robot Analysis Structural para crear los modelos y analizar las secciones. Para el sistema de pórtico a momento se usó una estructura en planta de 8m x 8m, sin irregularidades (tanto en altura, como horizontal), de 2 pisos de altura o 5.5 metros El modelo utilizado en los muros portantes es similar al propuesto en el Capítulo 10 del NEC-11, con una configuración en planta de 6m x 6m y de un solo piso, y enfocado especialmente a viviendas de interés social. En ambos casos se comprobó que las cargas que se aplican a la estructura como; vivas, muertas, sísmicas, sean las mínimas utilizadas por el NEC-11 y por la ASCE 7. Además, se comparó los diseños de los elementos de hormigón armado entre el NEC-11 y el ACI 318- 08. Se concluyó que las estructuras son de ductilidad limitada. Las secciones propuestas para pórticos a momento por el NEC-11, no están acorde a zonas con sismicidad alta, puesto que no responden adecuadamente en un sismo. El diseño de los muros portantes para los dos casos resulto similar, y se determinó que estas estructuras responden adecuadamente ante cargas gravitacionales y sísmicas

Cuencas Hidrográficas

Considerando la importancia que tiene la Gestión Integral de Cuencas Hidrográficas y su íntimo nexo que tiene la calidad y cantidad del recurso agua, los autores han producida esta recopilación basada en bibliografía seleccionada, as{i como en experiencias en el campo de la docencia en la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana. La obra está compuesta por seis capítulos en los que se incluyen: el marco teórico de cuencas hidrográficas y sus funciones; el estudio integral de hidrología en cuencas hidrográficas y su aprovechamiento en proyectos de desarrollo integral; la descripción de los parámetros de calidad de agua en cuencas y de las condiciones atmosféricas más favorables para su desarrollo; los instrumentos de gestión ambiental en cuencas hidrográficas

Estrogen-dependent dynamic profile of eNOS-DNA associations in prostate cancer

In previous work we have documented the nuclear translocation of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and its participation in combinatorial complexes with Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ) and Hypoxia Inducible Factors (HIFs) that determine localized chromatin remodeling in response to estrogen (E2) and hypoxia stimuli, resulting in transcriptional regulation of genes associated with adverse prognosis in prostate cancer (PCa). To explore the role of nuclear eNOS in the acquisition of aggressive phenotype in PCa, we performed ChIP-Sequencing on chromatin-associated eNOS from cells from a primary tumor with poor outcome and from metastatic LNCaP cells. We found that: 1. the eNOS-bound regions (peaks) are widely distributed across the genome encompassing multiple transcription factors binding sites, including Estrogen Response Elements. 2. E2 increased the number of peaks, indicating hormone-dependent eNOS re-localization. 3. Peak distribution was similar with/without E2 with ≈ 55% of them in extragenic DNA regions and an intriguing involvement of the 5′ domain of several miRs deregulated in PCa. Numerous potentially novel eNOS-targeted genes have been identified suggesting that eNOS participates in the regulation of large gene sets. The parallel finding of downregulation of a cluster of miRs, including miR-34a, in PCa cells associated with poor outcome led us to unveil a molecular link between eNOS and SIRT1, an epigenetic regulator of aging and tumorigenicity, negatively regulated by miR-34a and in turn activating eNOS. E2 potentiates miR-34a downregulation thus enhancing SIRT1 expression, depicting a novel eNOS/SIRT1 interplay fine-tuned by E2-activated ER signaling, and suggesting that eNOS may play an important role in aggressive PCa

Association between pre-diagnostic circulating lipid metabolites and colorectal cancer risk: a nested case–control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Background: Altered lipid metabolism is a hallmark of cancer development. However, the role of specific lipid metabolites in colorectal cancer development is uncertain. Methods: In a case–control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), we examined associations between pre-diagnostic circulating concentrations of 97 lipid metabolites (acylcarnitines, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids) and colorectal cancer risk. Circulating lipids were measured using targeted mass spectrometry in 1591 incident colorectal cancer cases (55% women) and 1591 matched controls. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between concentrations of individual lipid metabolites and metabolite patterns with colorectal cancer risk. Findings: Of the 97 assayed lipids, 24 were inversely associated (nominally p < 0.05) with colorectal cancer risk. Hydroxysphingomyelin (SM (OH)) C22:2 (ORper doubling 0.60, 95% CI 0.47–0.77) and acylakyl-phosphatidylcholine (PC ae) C34:3 (ORper doubling 0.71, 95% CI 0.59–0.87) remained associated after multiple comparisons correction. These associations were unaltered after excluding the first 5 years of follow-up after blood collection and were consistent according to sex, age at diagnosis, BMI, and colorectal subsite. Two lipid patterns, one including 26 phosphatidylcholines and all sphingolipids, and another 30 phosphatidylcholines, were weakly inversely associated with colorectal cancer. Interpretation: Elevated pre-diagnostic circulating levels of SM (OH) C22:2 and PC ae C34:3 and lipid patterns including phosphatidylcholines and sphingolipids were associated with lower colorectal cancer risk. This study may provide insight into potential links between specific lipids and colorectal cancer development. Additional prospective studies are needed to validate the observed associations

Mutation in the mouse histone gene Hist2h3c1 leads to degeneration of the lens vesicle and severe microphthalmia

During an ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea) mutagenesis screen, we observed a dominant small-eye mutant mouse with viable homozygotes. A corresponding mutant line was established and referred to as Aey69 (abnormality of the eye #69). Comprehensive phenotyping of the homozygous Aey69 mutants in the German Mouse Clinic revealed only a subset of statistically significant alterations between wild types and homozygous mutants. The mutation causes microphthalmia without a lens but with retinal hyperproliferation. Linkage was demonstrated to mouse chromosome 3 between the markers D3Mit188 and D3Mit11. Sequencing revealed a 358 A- > C mutation (I1e120Leu) in the Hist2h3c1 gene and a 71 T- > C (Val24Ala) mutation in the Gja8 gene. Detailed analysis of eye development in the homozygous mutant mice documented a perturbed lens development starting -from the lens vesicle stage including decreasing expression of crystallins as well as of lens-specific transcription - factors like PITX3 and FOXE3. In contrast, we observed an early expression of retinal progenitor cells characterized by several markers including BRN3 (retinal ganglion cells) and OTX2 (cone photoreceptors). The changes in the retina at the early embryonic stages of E11.5-E15.5 happen in parallel with apoptotic processes in the lens at the respective stages. The excessive retinal hyperproliferation is characterized by an increased level of Ki67. The hyperproliferation, however, does not disrupt the differentiation and appearance of the principal retinal cell types at postnatal stages, even if the overgrowing retina covers finally the entire bulbus of the eye. Morpholino-mediated knock-down of the hist2h3ca1 gene in zebrafish leads to a specific perturbation of lens development. When injected into zebrafish zygotes, only the mutant mouse mRNA leads to severe malformations, ranging from cyclopia to severe microphthalmia. The wild-type Hist2h3c1 mRNA can rescue the morpholino-induced defects corroborating its specific function in lens development. Based upon these data, it is concluded that the ocular function of the Hist2h3c1 gene (encoding a canonical H3.2 variant) is conserved throughout evolution. Moreover, the data highlight also the importance of Hist2h3c1 in the coordinated formation of lens and retina during eye development

Convalescent plasma for COVID-19 in hospitalised patients : an open-label, randomised clinical trial

Background: The effects of convalescent plasma (CP) therapy in hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain uncertain. This study investigates the effect of CP on clinical improvement in these patients. Methods: This is an investigator-initiated, randomised, parallel arm, open-label, superiority clinical trial. Patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to two infusions of CP plus standard of care (SOC) or SOC alone. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with clinical improvement 28 days after enrolment. Results: A total of 160 (80 in each arm) patients (66.3% critically ill, 33.7% severely ill) completed the trial. The median (interquartile range (IQR)) age was 60.5 (48–68) years; 58.1% were male and the median (IQR) time from symptom onset to randomisation was 10 (8–12) days. Neutralising antibody titres >1:80 were present in 133 (83.1%) patients at baseline. The proportion of patients with clinical improvement on day 28 was 61.3% in the CP+SOC group and 65.0% in the SOC group (difference −3.7%, 95% CI −18.8–11.3%). The results were similar in the severe and critically ill subgroups. There was no significant difference between CP+SOC and SOC groups in pre-specified secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, days alive and free of respiratory support and duration of invasive ventilatory support. Inflammatory and other laboratory marker values on days 3, 7 and 14 were similar between groups. Conclusions: CP+SOC did not result in a higher proportion of clinical improvement on day 28 in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 compared to SOC alone