La territorialidad en el proceso de la migración: Un acercamiento a la cartografía de proximidad

El tránsito de la vida rural a la urbana ha sido retratado de diversas maneras en la literatura especializada, enfatizando en los procesos de desarraigo que experimentan los migrantes por causa de la violencia, el despojo, el destierro, entre otros. El presente artículo busca hacer un aporte al tema, observando otras causas que motivan el proceso migratorio. Para ello, se analiza la historia de vida de una familia campesina oriunda del municipio de Aquitania (Boyacá) y su transcurrir del campo a la ciudad en un periodo de casi 40 años, centrando la atención en los cambios en las expresiones y percepciones de la territorialización a la luz de tres categorías: el cultivo, la idea de progreso y el entorno.The transition from rural to urban life has been portrayed in various ways in the specialized literature, emphasizing the processes of uprooting experienced by migrants due to violence, dispossession, exile, among others. This article seeks to contribute to the topic, noting other causes that motivate the migration process. To do so we analyze the life history of a peasant family from the municipality of Aquitaine (Boyacá) and its passage from the countryside to the city in a period of almost 40 years, focusing our attention on changes in the expressions and perceptions of the territorialization in the light of three categories: the crop, the idea of progress and the environment.A transição da vida rural para a vida urbana foi retratada de várias maneiras na literatura especializada, enfatizando os processos de desa- rraigamento experimentados pelos migrantes por causa da violência, desapropriação, exílio, entre outros. Este artigo procura contribuir com o tema, observando outras causas que motivam o processo de migração. Para fazer isso, analisamos o histórico de vida de uma família camponesa do município de Aquitania (Boyacá) e sua passagem do campo para a cidade em um período de quase 40 anos, focalizando a atenção nas mudanças nas expressões e percepções da territorialização à luz de três categorias: cultura, ideia de progresso e ambiente

Once‐daily LABA/ICS combined inhalers versus inhaled long‐acting beta2‐agonists for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Q1Q11-12This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To assess the effectiveness and safety of once-daily LABA/ICS in a combined inhaler versus once/twice-daily LABA for the treatment of COPD

ECOFARMACOVIGILANCIA Y LA DETERMINACIÓN DEL DICLOFENACO SÓDICO MEDIANTE ELECTROANÁLISIS

Diclofenac has become a drug widely consumed by patients due to its anti-inflammatory pharmacological action, which decreases the effect of prostaglandins, which cause inflammation and pain. Due to its inadequate final disposition, it causes ecological problems around the world, specifically in wildlife. Being part of the group of emerging pollutants, which are not regulated, despite the toxic effect capable of altering the biosphere, for example, the extinction of Asian vultures, the 100% mortality of zebrafish embryos at concentrations (100mg / L) with 70% of similarity to the human genome. This research raised the determination of diclofenac sodium in aqueous solutions using electroanalytic linear scanning (LSV). A vitreous carbon-screen modified carbon nanotube (WMCNT / SGCE) electrode containing an integrated auxiliary (platinum electrode) and a reference electrode (silver-silver chloride Ag / AgCl electrode) electrode were used. The pH study covered a range of potential from 0.25 V to 0.95 V, obtaining a better electrochemical development in acidic media. Calibration curves were constructed from commercial tablets and a DCF standard (USP). The linearity, accuracy, precision of the method were significant.El Diclofenaco se ha convertido en un medicamento muy consumido por los pacientes debido a su acción farmacológica antiinflamatoria, que disminuye el efecto de las prostaglandinas, causantes de la inflamación y dolor. Por su disposición final inadecuada, ocasiona alrededor del mundo problemas a nivel ecológico, específicamente en la fauna. Siendo parte del grupo de contaminantes emergentes, que no están regulados, a pesar del efecto tóxico capaz de alterar la biósfera, por ejemplo, extinción de buitres asiáticos, 100% mortalidad de embriones pez cebra a concentraciones (100mg/L) con 70% de similitud al genoma humano. Esta investigación planteó la determinación de diclofenaco sódico en soluciones acuosas mediante técnica electroanalítica de escaneo lineal (LSV). Se utilizó un electrodo serigrafiado de carbón vítreo modificado con nanotubo de carbono (WMCNT/SGCE) que contiene un sistema integrado de electrodos auxiliar (electrodo de platino) y de referencia (electrodo de plata- cloruro de plata Ag/AgCl). El estudio de pH abarcó un abanico de potencial desde 0.25 V hasta 0.95 V, obteniéndose un mejor desarrollo electroquímico en medios ácidos. Se construyeron curvas de calibrado a partir de comprimidos comerciales y un patrón de DCF (USP). La linealidad, exactitud, precisión del método fueron significativas

Primary Gastrointestinal Kaposi’s Sarcoma in a Patient with Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Gastrointestinal bleeding in HIV patients secondary to coinfection by HHV8 and development of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a rare complication even if no skin lesions are detected on physical examination. This article indicates which patients might develop this type of clinical sign and also tries to recall that absence of skin lesions never rules out the presence of KS, especially if gastrointestinal involvement is documented. Gastrointestinal bleeding in terms of hematemesis has rarely been reported in the literature. We review some important clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment approach. We present the case of an HIV patient who presented to the emergency department with hematemesis and gastrointestinal signs of KS on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy without any dermatological involvement

Stimulation of synaptic activity promotes TFEB-mediated clearance of pathological MAPT/Tau in cellular and mouse models of tauopathies

Synapses represent an important target of Alzheimer disease (AD), and alterations of their excitability are among the earliest changes associated with AD development. Synaptic activation has been shown to be protective in models of AD, and deep brain stimulation (DBS), a surgical strategy that modulates neuronal activity to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders, produced positive effects in AD patients. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role(s) of brain stimulation are still elusive. We have previously demonstrated that induction of synaptic activity exerts protection in mouse models of AD and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) by enhancing the macroautophagy/autophagy flux and lysosomal degradation of pathological MAPT/Tau. We now provide evidence that TFEB (transcription factor EB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, is a key mediator of this cellular response. In cultured primary neurons from FTD-transgenic mice, synaptic stimulation inhibits MTORC1 signaling, thus promoting nuclear translocation of TFEB, which, in turn, induces clearance of MAPT/Tau oligomers. Conversely, synaptic activation fails to promote clearance of toxic MAPT/Tau in neurons expressing constitutively active RRAG GTPases, which sequester TFEB in the cytosol, or upon TFEB depletion. Activation of TFEB is also confirmed in vivo in DBS-stimulated AD mice. We also demonstrate that DBS reduces pathological MAPT/Tau and promotes neuroprotection in Parkinson disease patients with tauopathy. Altogether our findings indicate that stimulation of synaptic activity promotes TFEB-mediated clearance of pathological MAPT/Tau. This mechanism, underlying the protective effect of DBS, provides encouraging support for the use of synaptic stimulation as a therapeutic treatment against tauopathies.This work was supported by the ELKARTEK [KK-2020/00034]; Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [PID2019-109724RB-I00]; CIBERNED [CB06/0005/0076]; T.V. is supported by AIRC, IG 2017 #20661, and Italian Ministery of University and Research grant [PRIN2020CLZ5XWTV]

Stops during the six-minute walk test and their correlation with new measurements of the test in patients with obstructive pulmonary disease

Marco teórico: se ha reportado que la presencia de paradas involuntarias durante la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos se asocia con un incremento en la mortalidad en los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Sin embargo, la relación de las paradas con otras determinaciones de la prueba de caminata de 6 minutos como velocidad, trabajo, el producto distancia-saturación y la desaturación inducida por el ejercicio, aún no se ha establecido. Objetivos: determinar la correlación de las paradas involuntarias con variables clínicas recolectadas de forma rutinaria en la PC6M, así como con las nuevas determinaciones derivadas de la prueba, en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo, en el que se revisaron los reportes de pruebas de caminata de 6 minutos de 129 sujetos con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Las determinaciones derivadas de la prueba fueron comparadas entre los pacientes que presentaron paradas y quienes no; se realizaron correlaciones entre ellas y se identificaron los predictores de paradas por medio de análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: 30 pacientes tuvieron paradas involuntarias durante la prueba; en este grupo se observó al final que los puntajes de disnea y fatiga, así como la frecuencia cardiaca, la frecuencia respiratoria y la tensión arterial sistólica final fueron significativamente mayores que en el grupo que no tuvo paradas, mientras que la saturación arterial de oxigeno fue significativamente menor (p<0,001); las nuevas variables derivadas: distancia, velocidad, trabajo y el producto distancia-saturación fueron menores (p<0,001) en los sujetos que pararon, encontrando una buena correlación con ellas. En el análisis de regresión, las variables que permanecieron significativas para la presencia de paradas fueron: saturación final, distancia recorrida, velocidad, trabajo, DDR y producto distancia-saturación. Conclusiones: en los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica estable que realizan una prueba de caminata de 6 minutos, la presencia de paradas se asocia con menor distancia caminada, trabajo, DSP y saturación al final de la prueba. El cálculo de estas nuevas variables, así como el registro de paradas durante la PC6M podría refinar la capacidad pronóstica de la prueba en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica.Artículo Original170-179Theoretical frame: it has been reported that involuntary stops during the six-minute walk test are associated with increased mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the relationship between the stops and other determinations of the six-minute walk test, such as speed, work, the distance-saturation product, and exercise-induced desaturation, has not yet been established. Objectives: to determine the correlation between involuntary stops and clinical variables gathered routinely in the six-minute walk test, as well as the new determinations derived from the test, in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Materials and methods: an observational, analytic, retrospective study was carried out, in which the reports of six-minute walk tests from 129 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were reviewed. The determinations derived from the test were compared between the patients who had stops and those who hadn’t; correlations between them were made, and predictors of stops were identified by logistic regression anaylysis. Results: 30 patients had involuntary stops during the test; in this group, it was observed in the end that scores of dyspnea and fatigue, as well as heart rate, respiratory rate, and final systolic arterial blood pressure were significantly higher than those found in the group that did not have stops, while arterial blood oxygen saturation was significantly lower (p<0,001); the new variables derived: distance, speed, work, and the distance-saturation produc were lower (p<0,001) in the subjects who stopped; a good correlation with them was found. On regression analysis, the variables that remained significant for the presence of stops were: final saturation, distance walked, speed, work, DDR, and distance-saturation product. Conclusions: in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who undergo the six-minute walk test, stops are asso- ciated with less distance walked, work, DSP, and saturation at the end of the test. Calculation of these new variables, together with registration of stops during the six-minute walk test, might refine the prognostic capability of the test in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Association between T2-related co-morbidities and effectiveness of biologics in severe asthma

Acknowledgments The authors thank Mr. Joash Tan (BSc, Hons), of the Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute (OPRI), and Ms Andrea Lim (BSc, Hons) of the Observational Pragmatic Research Institute (OPRI) for their editorial and formatting assistance that supported the development of this publication. Funding statement: This study was conducted by the Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute (OPRI) Pte Ltd and was partially funded by Optimum Patient Care Global and AstraZeneca Ltd. AstraZeneca UK LimitedPeer reviewe

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection