Hypothyroidism - Through Ayurvedic Vision

Hypothyroidism is a clinical syndrome resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which is common endocrinal disorder seen all over the world. It is more prevalent among females. Hypothyroidism is one of the burning issues in current scenario and is affecting the life of many people on various levels. Since this condition is associated with many complications, on many systems, ranging from generalized tiredness to infertility, thereby compromising quality of life, it has become a need to study this disease critically. This review is made with an effort to understand the disease in Ayurvedic perspective. On reviewing the clinical presentation from all classical texts, it is found that in hypothyroidism there is abnormality of Jatharagni and Dhatwagni along with abnormality of Kapha and Vata Dosha as well as Rasavaha, Raktavaha, Medovaha, Sukravaha and Manovaha Srotases. Dosha-Dushya Samoorchhana in various Dhatus results in systemic manifestation of the disease

Current trends in highly active anti-retroviral therapy in an anti-retroviral therapy centre attached to a remote government medical college of Maharashtra, India: a retrospective study

Background: Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) became the keystone of national AIDS program. There is lack of awareness and inadequate training about drug safety monitoring among health care professionals in India. Hence, the present study was carried out to study current trends in HAART and pattern of associated adverse drug reactions.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at an anti-retroviral therapy (ART) Centre. A total of 151 HIV/AIDS Patients (old and new cases) receiving HAART during July 2015 to December 2015 were randomly included in the study. Causality and severity assessment of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) was done by using Naranjo’s ADR causality scale and modified Hartwig and Siegel scale respectively. The data was computed using MS Excel and descriptive results were expressed as counts and percentages. The study was approved by institutional ethics committee.Results: The prevalence of HIV/AIDS infection was higher in adult males (51.66%). Zidovudine+lamivudine+nevirapine (ZLN) was the most commonly prescribed HAART combination. Out of 132 ADRs reported, 76.52% of the ADRs were related to haematological system and ZLN was the commonest combination causing ADRs. 90.91% ADRs belong to possible category on causality assessment and 68.94% of the ADRs were of moderate severity. Tuberculosis (28.47%) was the commonest diagnosed opportunistic infection among the HIV/AIDS patients.Conclusions: The prescribing pattern of HAART regimens was in accordance with national guidelines for antiretroviral therapy. We recommend a pharmacovigilance system for sustainable management of ADRs in HIV/AIDS patients as we found under reporting of ADRs

Prescription pattern in indoor patients of cardiovascular diseases: a descriptive study in a tertiary care hospital attached to a government medical college

Background: In India, one of the leading causes of death is cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The study of prescription pattern ensures rational pharmacotherapy and assures quality medical care to the patients. Hence the present study was conducted to observe the prescription pattern of drugs among the indoor patients of cardiovascular diseases in a tertiary care hospital attached to a Government Medical college.Methods: A retrospective observational study of 9 month duration was undertaken from January- September 2015. A total number of 113 indoor cardiovascular disease patients’ case sheets were utilized for our study from medicine and ICCU department of a tertiary care hospital. The data was analysed and the results were expressed as counts and percentage.Results: Of 113 patients, most of the patients were of the age group of 56-65 years (40.71%). The prevalence of CVDs was higher in females (56.64%) than males (43.36%). Hypertension (58.41%) and Ischemic heart disease (41.59%) were found to be predominant CVDs. Nifedipine (53.10%), Atenolol (31.86%), Isosorbide dinitrate (40.71%), Atorvastatin (53.10%) were the most commonly prescribed cardiovascular drugs. Aspirin and Clopidogrel combination was prescribed in 46.90% of CVD patients. The average number of drugs per prescription was 6.53.Conclusions: The present study shows that most of drugs were prescribed rationally according to the current treatment guidelines except the under use of ACEIs and ARBs in hypertensive diabetes mellitus patients. Standard treatment guidelines should be circulated among practicing physicians to encourage rational prescription

Lepa Kalpana - A Review

Ayurveda the science of life is the most ancient medical knowledge in the world. Metals and minerals are in frequent use in Indian system of medicine since long back without any untowards effect. In Bhaishjya Kalpana application of herbal drug externally known as Lepa. Lepa preparation are the topical medicaments meant for external application to the skin or mucosal membrane. The topical preparation include Lepa, Upanaha, Malhara etc. out of many Bahya Kalpana, Lepa Kalpana has due importance in Ayurvedic system of medicine. Lepa Kalpana are used in different conditions like inflammation, wound healing, wound cleaning and many more uses

A clinical study on the effect of Bilvapatra Ghana in the management of Madhumeha with respect to Type II Diabetes Mellitus

In the course of evolution of human life, man has struggled a lot to obtain the best of living standards. Among all necessities, health care is given the best attention because, only healthy individual can enjoy the benefits of beauties of the nature. Positive health doesn’t mean only physical but physiological, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing also. If the principles of Ayurveda are studied in modern scientific way, both in respect of its approach to disease and therapy, especially in relation to Madhumeha. Diabetes results when the body makes too little insulin or does not use insulin properly, allowing sugar levels to build up in the blood stream. The free radicals are one of the important etiological factors for the development of diabetes and its complications. Antioxidants capable of protecting against the damage induced by free radicals and it also have a role in reducing the effects of diabetes. There are many herbal medicinal plants like Babul, Bilva, Davana, Neem, Jambu etc. with proven antidiabetic and related beneficial effects. Bilvapatra is effective in the treatment for diabetes by reducing blood glucose level. So in present study Bilvapatra Ghana is used in the management of Madhumeha

Statistical experiment analysis of wear and mechanical behaviour of abaca/sisal fiber-based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment

Ice accretion on various onshore and offshore infrastructures imparts hazardous effects sometimes beyond repair, which may be life-threatening. Therefore, it has become necessary to look for ways to detect and mitigate ice. Some ice mitigation techniques have been tested or in use in aviation and railway sectors, however, their applicability to other sectors/systems is still in the research phase. To make such systems autonomous, ice protection systems need to be accompanied by reliable ice detection systems, which include electronic, mechatronics, mechanical, and optical techniques. Comparing the benefits and limitations of all available methodologies, Infrared Thermography (IRT) appears to be one of the useful, non-destructive, and emerging techniques as it offers wide area monitoring instead of just point-based ice monitoring. This paper reviews the applications of IRT in the field of icing on various subject areas to provide valuable insights into the existing development of an intelligent and autonomous ice mitigation system for general applications

Application of Innovative Cost effective flow resistivity measurement system for Acoustic Performance Analysis of Natural fibers

In design of the interior of car, workplace and companies, acoustic material plays very important role. To attenuate unwanted noise, passive noise control technique using acoustic material is used extensively. The non-biodegradable synthetic acoustic material, which are used nowadays cause environmental pollution. This environmental pollution motivates researchers to find eco-friendly and sustainable acoustic materials as an alternative sound absorber. Research is going on to find new acoustic materials for many industrial and domestic applications. The value of sound absorption coefficient has correlation with frequency of sound. Hence, it would be very helpful if the characteristic acoustic properties of these materials are known prior using them for a particular application. This paper presents the utilization of new flow resistivity measurement set up. This flow resistivity set up is developed as per ASTM C522-03 standard. Delany-Bazley model can be used to predict sound absorption coefficient using flow resistivity values. The numerical analysis using MATLAB program based on Delany-Bazley models is made to determine sound absorption coefficient of material prepared from natural fibers of sugarcane waste, wheat straw and PU foam, Glass wool. The sound absorption coefficients of all four materials are also obtained by experimental investigation using impedance tube as per ASTM E 1050 standard. Comparisons of the experimental and the numerical results confirm that the sound absorption coefficients of all material are well corroborated

Innovative Procurement Practices Increase Productivity

The farmer is an important part of the dairy industry, regardless of country. India is the largest milk-producing nation in the world, with 18% involvement of the dairy industry in the economy. Most of the world’s population depends on dairy industries for their livelihood, with about one-quarter involved in the production or purchase of milk and related products. It is essential for the Indian dairy industry to be able to fulfill growing customer demand with a satisfactory supply of milk. The procurement of milk and related products is very important in meeting this demand. Procurement is the act of gaining or obtaining goods and services. The process includes the preparation and processing of demand, along with final receipt and approval of payment. Procurement mainly depends on technology and innovations. The chapter mainly focuses on innovative practices for the procurement of milk in the Indian dairy industry. The four practices and recommendations given are very helpful in increasing the productivity of the dairy industry in India

Concise synthesis of tetrazole macrocycle

A concise two step synthesis of tetrazole containing macrocycles from readily accessible starting materials is presented. The first step comprises a chemoselective amidation of amino acid derived isocyanocarboxylicacid esters with unprotected symmetrical diamines to afford diverse α-isocyano-ω-amines. In the second step, the α-isocyano-ω-amines undergo an Ugi tetrazole reaction to close the macrocycle. Advantageously, this strategy allows short access to 11–19-membered macrocycles in which substituents can be independently varied at three different positions

Statistical experiment analysis of wear and mechanical behaviour of abaca/sisal fiber-based hybrid composites under liquid nitrogen environment

Composite materials are increasingly replacing synthetic fiber combinations in various applications. However, certain extreme environments on Earth and in space require structures to operate under low temperatures, specifically cryogenic conditions, which can significantly affect material reactions. Therefore, the main focus of this study is to develop and evaluate hybridized biocomposites, specifically assessing their tensile, bending, and impact strengths in a controlled liquid nitrogen environment (77 K). Utilizing the Taguchi optimization method, the statistical analysis of wearing characteristics was carried out utilizing cryogenic treatment hours, load, sliding distance, and weight percentage of abaca and sisal fibers. When 20 percent abaca and sisal were mixed, tensile performance increased from 28.96 to 36.58 MPa. Likewise, the same mixture increased bending strength from 59.63 to 75.68 MPa, and impact strength improved from 59.36 to 71.25 J/m. The cryogenic treatment of composite materials for 15–30 min improved the mechanical characteristics of the materials by enhancing the binding between reinforcements and substrate. The Taguchi 27 test outcomes showed a decreased friction coefficient of 7.79 × 105 mm3/Nm in the 10th trial with 30 min of cold working, 10% hybrid fibers, 600 m slide distance, and a 4 N load combination. Frictional coefficient data indicated the lowest rate during the third experiment with 15 min of cryogenic treatment, 10% hybrid fibers, 1,500 m slide length, and a 12 N load combination. The microstructural analysis of the fractured specimen was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Finally, such composite materials are employed in liquid propellant tanks, satellites, spaceships, rocket constructions, aeroplane components at cruising altitudes, and other applications