1,883 research outputs found
Dimension-independent Harnack inequalities for subordinated semigroups
Dimension-independent Harnack inequalities are derived for a class of
subordinate semigroups. In particular, for a diffusion satisfying the
Bakry-Emery curvature condition, the subordinate semigroup with power
satisfies a dimension-free Harnack inequality provided ,
and it satisfies the log-Harnack inequality for all Some
infinite-dimensional examples are also presented
Red-green color vision in three catarrhine primates
The evolution of the red-green visual subsystem in trichromatic primates has been linked to foraging advantages, specifically the detection of either ripe fruits or young leaves amid mature foliage, and to the intraspecific socio-sexual communication, namely the signal of the male rank, the mate choice and the reproductive strategies in females. New data should be added to the debate regarding the evolution of trichromatic color vision. Three catarrhine primates were observed to achieve this goal. The research was performed on captive groups of vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops), pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) housed at Parco Natura Viva - Garda Zoological Park (Italy). Using pairs of red-green bags containing the same hidden reward in comparable outdoor enclosures, we recorded the choices by observed individuals (n = 25) to investigate the role of color cues in choosing an object. The results indicate that chimpanzees used red color as cue to choose an object that contains food by showing a preference toward red objects; in contrast, vervet monkeys and pig-tailed macaques do not demonstrate a clear choice based on the color of the object. Our findings highlight the importance of the foraging hypothesis but not rule out the potential role of the intraspecific socio-sexual communication and may serve to add useful information to the debate regarding the adaptive value of the evolution of color vision in order to fill a phylogenetic gap from Old World monkeys to humans. Future studies should address the role of socio-sexual communication, such as the selection of the reproductive partner of both high genetic quality and with compatible genes, to determine how this influenced the evolution of color vision in non-human primates
Hamilton Jacobi Bellman equations in infinite dimensions with quadratic and superquadratic Hamiltonian
We consider Hamilton Jacobi Bellman equations in an inifinite dimensional
Hilbert space, with quadratic (respectively superquadratic) hamiltonian and
with continuous (respectively lipschitz continuous) final conditions. This
allows to study stochastic optimal control problems for suitable controlled
Ornstein Uhlenbeck process with unbounded control processes
Evolution of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals upon post-synthesis annealing under an inert atmosphere
Annealing a film of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) leads to the removal of surface ligands and ripening of the NCs below 200 °C
a consensus statement for the clinical use of the renal sodium glucose co transporter 2 inhibitor dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
ABSTRACTIntroduction: The present review developed a clinical consensus based on a Delphi method on Dapagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of the renal sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2-I) in the treatment of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Areas covered: Panel members, using a 5-point scale, were asked to rate 9 statements on pharmakodinamic, mode of action on glycaemic and extra-glycaemic effects, and safety of dapaglifozin, Members also aimed to identify the patient most susceptible to the treatment with dapagliflozin .Expert commentary: Dapagliflozin is effective in lowering the plasma glucose concentration with a good safety profile. Dapagliflozin can be utilized in combination with all other antihyperglycaemic agents at all stages of the disease: however, a reduced GFR limits its efficacy. As for the other drugs of the class, Dapagliflozin positively modifies other risk factors for CV disease: these effects will be tested in the so far largest cardiovascular outcome trial for the SGLT2 inh..
Statistical properties of stochastic 2D Navier-Stokes equations from linear models
A new approach to the old-standing problem of the anomaly of the scaling
exponents of nonlinear models of turbulence has been proposed and tested
through numerical simulations. This is achieved by constructing, for any given
nonlinear model, a linear model of passive advection of an auxiliary field
whose anomalous scaling exponents are the same as the scaling exponents of the
nonlinear problem. In this paper, we investigate this conjecture for the 2D
Navier-Stokes equations driven by an additive noise. In order to check this
conjecture, we analyze the coupled system Navier-Stokes/linear advection system
in the unknowns . We introduce a parameter which gives a
system ; this system is studied for any
proving its well posedness and the uniqueness of its invariant measure
.
The key point is that for any the fields and
have the same scaling exponents, by assuming universality of the
scaling exponents to the force. In order to prove the same for the original
fields and , we investigate the limit as , proving that
weakly converges to , where is the only invariant
measure for the joint system for when .Comment: 23 pages; improved versio
Deep 10 and 18 micron Imaging of the HR 4796A Circumstellar Disk: Transient Dust Particles & Tentative Evidence for a Brightness Asymmetry
We present new 10.8 and 18.2 micron images of HR 4796A, a young A0V star that
was recently discovered to have a spectacular, nearly edge-on, circumstellar
disk prominent at ~20 microns (Jayawardhana et al. 1998; Koerner et al. 1998).
These new images, obtained with OSCIR at Keck II, show that the disk's size at
10 microns is comparable to its size at 18 microns. Therefore, the 18
micron-emitting dust may also emit some, or all, of the 10 micron radiation.
Using these multi-wavelength images, we determine a "characteristic" diameter
of 2-3 microns for the mid-infrared-emitting dust particles if they are
spherical and composed of astronomical silicates. Particles this small are
expected to be blown out of the system by radiation pressure in a few hundred
years, and therefore these particles are unlikely to be primordial. Dynamical
modeling of the disk (Wyatt et al. 2000) indicates that the disk surface
density is relatively sharply peaked near 70 AU, which agrees with the mean
annular radius deduced by Schneider et al. (1999) from their NICMOS images. We
present evidence (~1.8 sigma significance) for a brightness asymmetry that may
result from the presence of the hole and the gravitational perturbation of the
disk particle orbits by the low-mass stellar companion or a planet. This
"pericenter glow," which must still be confirmed, results from a very small (a
few AU) shift of the disk's center of symmetry relative to the central star HR
4796A; one side of the inner boundary of the annulus is shifted towards HR
4796A, thereby becoming warmer and more infrared-emitting. The possible
detection of pericenter glow implies that the detection of even complex
dynamical effects of planets on disks is within reach.Comment: 18 pages. 9 GIF images. Total size ~800 kB. High resolution images
available upon request. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
(scheduled for January 10, 2000
Transfer of Axial Chirality to the Nanoscale Endows Carbon Nanodots with Circularly Polarized Luminescence
We report the synthesis, purification and characterization of chiral carbon nanodots starting from atropoisomeric precursors. The obtained atropoisomeric carbon nanodots are soluble in organic solvents and have good thermal stability, which are desirable features for technological applications. The synthetic protocol is robust, as it supports a number of variations in terms of molecular doping agents. Remarkably, the combination of axially chiral precursors and 1,4-benzoquinone as doping agent results in green-emissive carbon dots displaying circularly polarized luminescence. Dissymmetry factors of |3.5|×10−4 are obtained in solution, without the need of any additional element of chirality. Introducing axial chirality expands the strategies available to tailor the properties of carbon nanodots, paving the way for carbon nanoparticles that combine good processability in organic solvents with engineered advanced chiroptical properties
Setting up of an experimental site for the continuous monitoring of water discharge, suspended sediment transport and groundwater levels in a mediterranean basin. Results of one year of activity
The study of suspended sediment transport requires continuous measurement of water discharge to better understand the sediment dynamics. Furthermore, a groundwater monitoring network can support the stream discharge measures, as it reveals how the interactions between surface water and groundwater may affect runoff and consequently sediment transport during flood events. An experimental site for the continuous monitoring of water discharge, suspended sediment transport and groundwater levels was set up in the Carapellotto basin (27.17 km2), which is located in Apulia, Southern Italy. Seven flood events that occurred in the operation timespan were covered with a full record of both water discharge and sediment concentration. Some monitoring problems, largely due to the clogging of the float by mud, suggested to improve the experimental set up. The results show high values of suspended sediments concentration which indicate the sub-basin’s key role in the sediment delivery to the whole river system, while counter-clockwise hysteresis loops are the most frequent due to the basin characteristics. The effects of the interaction between surface water and groundwater are related not only to the flood magnitude but also to the hydrogeological features in the hyporheic zone
Adjoint bi-continuous semigroups and semigroups on the space of measures
For a given bi-continuous semigroup T on a Banach space X we define its
adjoint on an appropriate closed subspace X^o of the norm dual X'. Under some
abstract conditions this adjoint semigroup is again bi-continuous with respect
to the weak topology (X^o,X). An application is the following: For K a Polish
space we consider operator semigroups on the space C(K) of bounded, continuous
functions (endowed with the compact-open topology) and on the space M(K) of
bounded Baire measures (endowed with the weak*-topology). We show that
bi-continuous semigroups on M(K) are precisely those that are adjoints of a
bi-continuous semigroups on C(K). We also prove that the class of bi-continuous
semigroups on C(K) with respect to the compact-open topology coincides with the
class of equicontinuous semigroups with respect to the strict topology. In
general, if K is not Polish space this is not the case
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