PEMBUATAN SERBUK PIGMEN α-Fe2O3 DARI BIJIH BESI PRIMER SUKABUMI DENGAN PROSES HIDRO-PIROMETALURGI

Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan pembuatan serbuk pigmen α-Fe2O3 dari bijih besi primer yang berasal dari Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Proses pembuatan  serbuk pigmen α-Fe2O3 dilakukan dengan proses gabungan antara hidro dan pirometalurgi. Tahapan penelitian ini yaitu preparasi sampel, pelindian (leaching), pengendapan (hydrolysis) dan pemanggangan (roasting). Preparasi sampel dilakukan dengan cara penggerusan dengan crusher dan diskmill untuk membuat bijih besi dengan ukuran -200 mesh. Proses leaching menggunakan asam HCl dengan variasi konsentrasi asam dan waktu leaching. Pengendapan menggunakan larutan amoniak terhadap larutan hasil leaching. Proses selanjutnya yaitu pemanggagan dengan muffle furnace dengan variasi temperature 400oC-700oC. Hasil optimum yang didapatkan pada kondisi penelitian dengan konsentrasi leaching HCl pekat 37%  serta waktu leaching 120 menit dengan suhu pemanggangan 700 °C dengan ditandai serbuk pigmen besi oksida yang berwaran merah pekat.Kata kunci: Bijih Besi, pelindian, pengendapan, pemanggangan  dan serbuk α-Fe2O

PENDUGAAN PERUBAHAN CADANGAN KARBON DI TAMBLING WILDLIFE NATURE CONSERVATION TAMAN NASIONAL BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN

Global warming effect can be mitigated in two ways, namely carbon loss reduction or emission and increasing carbon storage within vegetation. Forest can absorb CO2 trough photosynthesis process and sink them in biomass. Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC) as a part of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) have been facing land cover change due to encroachment. The study aimed to measure carbon stocks in various land cover and to compare carbon stocks for the whole are of TWNC TNBBS in 2000-2009. Carbon stocks measurement was conducted in TWNC TNBBS during August 8th to October 8th 2009, 50 plots were sampled including nature forest, secondary forest, agroforestry, shrub, Imperata cylindrica , and grassland by purposive sampling method. Soil carbon was not measured in this study. Nature forest has the highest carbon stocks by 178,44 MgC.ha-1, and grassland be a poorest carbon stocks (1,47 MgC.ha-1). During the time between 2000 to 2009,  primary forest carbon stock  decrease in amount of 457,792.52 Mg  along with the decrease in land cover of this forest type. As many as 24.4% of natural forests in 2000 turned into the others type of land use such as a secondary forest of  21.63%, for shrubs 1.61% and  0.06% for agroforestry in 2009. Totally, TWNC TNBBS has loss its carbon stocks as many as 279422 Mg, it’s mean the annual average carbon stocks contained in the TWNC TNBBS area decreased by around 27,942.2 Mg (0.72%) per year. Its mean, 1,024,547 Mg CO2 or 102,454.7 Mg CO­2 every year was lose from TWNC TNBBS area. Keywords: biomass, carbon stock, emission, fores

Selective Reduction of Southeast Sulawesi Nickel Laterite using Palm Kernel Shell Charcoal: Kinetic Studies with Addition of Na2SO4 and NaCl as Additives

The aim of the reduction process is to concentrate nickel at high temperatures with a certain carbonaceous material as a reducing agent. The use of chemicals like Na2SO4 and NaCl in the reduction process can increase the content and recovery of nickel in ferronickel concentrates. A selective reduction of laterite nickel was carried out in a non-isothermal and an isothermal using palm kernel shell charcoal as a reductant and with Na2SO4 and NaCl as additives. Firstly, the raw material is made into a pellet and dried in an oven at 100 °C for two hours. The pellets are weighed before and after the reduction process. The non-isothermal reduction process used the Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) method from a temperature of 100 to 1300 °C, with a heat rate of 10 °C per minute. The isothermal reduction at temperatures 500, 600, 700, 950, 1050, and 1150 °C occurred with a reduction time of 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The analysis is Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) to determine the content of nickel and iron from the reduction process, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to see changes in the phases formed after the selective reduction process, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDX) for viewing the microstructure of the phase. The Differential Thermal Analyzer-Temperature Gravimetric Analysis (DTA-TGA) results show the endothermic at 256 °C, and the exothermic peak at 935 °C with a total mass loss of 42.15% at 1238 °C. The shrinking core model was used for the kinetic studies of the reduction process. The closest kinetic model to the experimental results is the Ginstling-Brounshtein model, with an activation energy value of 8.73 kcal/mol. Copyright © 2020 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).

Peran Persepsi Pendidik Pada E-Learning Dan Penerapan Media E-Learning Terhadap Kinerja Pendidik Di Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran Persepsi Pendidik pada E-Learning dan Penerapan E-Learning Terhadap Kinerja Pendidik Di Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode korelasional. Populasinya adalah Sejumlah 123 orang. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 51 orang dengan metode purposive sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan berupa skala persepsi pendidik, penerapan e-learning, dan kinerja pendidik. Pengujian Instrumen dilakukan spss 23 dengan dua macam Uji yaitu Uji Validitas dengan Product Moment dan Reliabilitas dengan Alpha Cronbach’s. Pada hipotesis mayor diketahui nilai signifikasi dalam uji F sebesar 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05. Koefisien Determinasi atau R Square Sebesar 0,639 yang artinya Persepsi Pendidik pada E-learning dan Penerapan E-learning secara simultan atau bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Pendidik sebesar 63,9%. Pada hipotesis minor diketahui nilai signifikasi dalam uji F sebesar 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05. Koefisien Determinasi atau R Square Sebesar 0,276 yang artinya pengaruh persepsi pendidik pada E-learning terhadap kinerja pendidik sebesar 27,6%. Kesimpulan persepsi pendidik pada E-learning (X1) dan penerapan E-Learning (X2) secara simultan atau bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja Pendidik. Kesimpulan berikutnya bahwa persepsi pendidik pada E-Learning (X1) berpengaruh terhadap kinerja pendidik (Y). Kata Kunci: Kinerja Pendidik; Penerapan E-Learning; Persepsi Pendidik pada E-Learnin

HUBUNGAN PREHOSPITAL DELAY DENGAN KEPARAHAN STROKE ISKEMIK BERDASARKAN KRITERIA NIHSS DI RSUD PROF. DR. MARGONO SOEKARJO

Pasien stroke di Indonesia banyak mengalami keterlambatan kedatangan ke rumah sakit atau prehospital delay. Pencegahan dalam mengurangi kematian dan meminimalkan kerusakan otak adalah penanganan yang cepat dan tepat sesuai golden period. Prehospital delay akan menghalangi terapi reperfusi pada pasien stroke iskemia. Derajat kerusakan saraf pada pasien stroke akan mempengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara prehospital delay dengan derajat kerusakan saraf pada pasien stroke iskemia. Desain dari penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional dengan data sekunder dari rekam medik NIHSS pasien stroke iskemia di RSUD Margono Soekarjo dari bulan April sampai dengan November 2021. Didapatkan sebanyak 78 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria eksklusi dan inklusi terdiri dari 43 pasien yang mengalami prehospital delay < 24 jam dan 35 pasien yang mengalami prehospital delay > 24 jam. Hasil analisis bivariat antara prehospital delay dengan derajat kerusakan saraf berdasarkan kriteria NIHSS menunjukkan nilai (p= 0,831 dan r= -0,25) pada pasien stroke iskemia. Tidak terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara prehospital delay dengan derajat kerusakan saraf pada pasien stroke iskemia dengan kekuatan korelasi yang lemah dan arah korelasi negatif, artinya semakin rendah skor NIHSS semakin lama prehospital delay. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah tidak terdapat korelasi prehospital delay dengan derajat kerusakan saraf berdasarkan kriteria NIHSS pada pasien stroke iskemia di RSUD Margono Soekarj

IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM DERADIKALISASI MANTAN ANGGOTA KELOMPOK RADIKAL NEGARA ISLAM INDONESIA (NII) DI KABUPATEN GARUT

Terjadinya perekrutan yang dilakukan oleh kelompok radikal NII telah menarik perhatian publik serta pemerintah Indonesia, teridentifikasi terdapat banyak masyarakat Garut telah berbaiat dan terpapar paham radikal NII. Hal tersebut memunculkan ancaman bagi kedaulatan ideologi bangsa Indonesia yang disebabkan oleh pemahaman radikal yang memiliki tujuan mendirikan negara Islam Indonesia. Untuk mengantisipasi hal tersebut dilakukan sebuah program deradikalisasi yang bertujuan untuk memutus paham radikal di masyarakat terutama bagi para anggota yang telah berbaiat dan terpengaruh paham radikal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi program deradikalisasi yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah dalam penanggulangan paham radikalisme NII di Garut, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Implementasi yang telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah yang tergabung dalam satuan tugas penanggulangan paham intoleransi dan radikalisme wilayah Garut telah berjalan cukup baik berdasarkan indikator teori implementasi yang meliputi komunikasi, sumber daya, disposisi, dan struktur birokrasi. Program yang telah dijalankan telah meraih hasil yang memuaskan dengan banyaknya eks anggota NII menyatakan deklarasi kembali ke NKRI dan dilakukan pembinaan agar tidak terpengaruh kembali. Namun persepsi yang masih beranggapan bahwa NII itu sudah tidak ada dan juga konsistensi pemerintah untuk melakukan penanggulangan menimbulkan tantangan tersendiri bagi pemerintah karena Garut merupakan daerah potensi radikal dan merupakan basis dan embrio kelompok NII

Analysis of Hybrid Warfare Threat Perception on Indonesian National Defense

Hybrid warfare is a war that will exist and dominate in the future, bearing in mind the reality of the threat of this war found almost all over the world by combining conventional and irregular war capabilities. Because these irregular wars lead to use by non-state actors, it is undeniable that their actions support, encourage, or participate in conventional conflicts if the wars have one goal with them. The situation and conditions of events occurring in various parts of the world today, we cannot easily judge the real actors/perpetrators of war, whether they are a country (state actor) or non-state (non-state actor). In addition, there are difficulties about what became the background of the war, which was mixed between political, ideological, economic and social interests etc. The dimensions of the war have also entered the realm of cyberspace (cyber) as a means of cyber warfare media (cyber warfare). Studying various domestic historical events and the development of these types of armed conflicts, it is necessary to be aware of threats of hybrid warfare towards Indonesia, this vigilance is based on the possibility that militant groups such as OPM, GAM, etc. will develop and seek political, financial and even weapons support from within and outside the country and Indonesia will also experience greater difficulties

Habitat Preference of Surili Gunung Ciremai National Park

Conversion of natural forest into plantation forest at Gunung Ciremai which managed by Perum Perhutani for three decades, gaves significant destructive impacts to sulrili’s habitat and triggering surili to disperse to the more secure habitat.  After the change of forest function to conservation forest in 2004, preference habitat surili is unknowing. Therefore, the initial step of the conservation efforts to restore population were by analyzing the habitat preferences surili. Chi-square analysis and Neu analysis was used to analyze the habitat preferences surili. Research carried out from September to November 2016 in Gunung Ciremai National Park. Preferential habitats characteristic of surili on Gunung Ciremai National Park are such as elevation from 1.500 to 2.400 m above sea level, densely forest stand >50%, distance to the edge of the forest (0-665meter), distance to the settlement (0-806 meters), distance to the hiking trail (0- 1572 meters), surface temperature 16,3-18,5°C, steep slope (25-40%), preference for habitats that is secondary forest cover. Keywords: Gunung Ciremai  National Park, preferential habitat, suril

PERBEDAAN PENGARUH TERAPI SINAR INFRA MERAH DAN BACK EXERCISE TERHADAP NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH DENGAN FLEKSIBILITAS TULANG BELAKANG DITINJAU DARI JENIS KELAMIN

The purpose of this study to determine differences in the effect of back exercises to increase fleksibilitas of the spine, the lower back pain and spinal fleksibilitas, and to investigate the interaction between type of therapy, low back pain, spinal fleksibility and gender. Type of research is that the study is a quasi-experimental,with a pretest - posttest design approach. With the method of taking samples is purposive incidental sampling through inspection procedures to establish the diagnosis of lower back pain. The results in this study are reduction in lower back pain and increase spinal fleksibility but there is no effect and a significant interaction between the type of physical therapy to increase fleksibility anddecrease lower back pain , then there is no significant difference between the type of therapy to lower back pain and spinal fleksibility, but there are significant differences in the increase in fleksibilitas if the terms of gender .Based on the conclusions obtained the following results : (1) The type of physical therapyinfrared and William Flexi Exercise better increase the fleksibility of the spine and lower back pain compared with other types of physical therapy infrared and Mc . Kenzie exercise, (2) There are differences increase the fleksibility of the spine by gender, and obtained the same result for lower back pain by gender , (3)there is no significant interaction between the type of physical therapy tofleksibility, lower back pain an gender

KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN BAWANG MERAH PADA LAHAN BERKADAR LIAT TINGGI (VERTISOL) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN PUPUK ORGANIK

The aim of this research was to study of onion development at land with high clay content by organic fertilizer aplication. The research was conducted in Dukuhwaluh village, Kembarang Sub-District, Banyumas District on February until September 2006. The research was arranged by Randomized Completely Block Design with four replications. The first factor of treatment was kind of soil (T) consist of Alfisol dan Vertisol soil; the second factor was dosage of organic fertilizer (P) consist of four levels i.e. P0 = without organic fertilizer , P1 = aplicated 5 tons /hectare organic fertilizer, P2 = aplicated 10 tons/hectare organic fertilizer and P3 = aplicated 15 tons/hectare organic fertilizer. Results of the study showed that there are possibility of using of vertisol soil by organic fertilizer aplication for onion development location. The dosage of organic fertilizer that can to support onion development was 15 tons/hectare minimal. Using of Alfisol soil with 15 tons/hectare organic fertilizer aplicated can give higher of yield than the treatment other