Investigations into Dynamic Response of Automobile Components during Crash Simulation

AbstractCrash simulation is a virtual recreation of a destructive crash test of a vehicle and its components using a computer aided analysis software in order to examine the level of safety of the vehicle and its occupants by analysing the level and nature of impact stresses occurring in the component and the magnitude and nature of the deformation happening in the component. Computer aided parametric design software are generally used for modelling of the vehicle components, to define all the coordinate values and geometrical details and then this CAD data is generally transferred to an FEM software for pre-processing and solution followed by generation and interpretation of results related to energies, acceleration and displacements with different loads & boundary conditions possible in various accidental situations. This major accomplishment is possible due to advent of advanced FE software system and computers offered within the last few years. Simulating the crashworthiness of the vehicle is a significant step to design automobiles of present age and automotive industry has probably the widest application of such simulation. Nowadays software such as LSDYNA, RADIOSS, ABASUS and others have very wide practical aspects to perform crash simulations.In the present work, Finite element modelling practices used for crash analysis are studied and after effects of the different parameters on the vehicle have been reviewed. The aim of this work is to study the effects of such crash parameters on the dynamic response of automobile component through finite element approach path. This paper presents an investigations of development done in the crash simulation of automobile components and the related process parameters through finite element approach

Assessment of III-V FinFETs at 20nm Node: A Process Variation Analysis

AbstractThe endless miniaturization of Si based MOSFETs has the key for driving the electronic revolution. However, scaling of the channel length is the enormous challenge to preserve the performance in terms of speed, power and electrostatic integrity at each technology nodes. Subsequently all researchers have been analyzing new device materials and architectures to fix this challenge. After continuous development in the areas of devices and materials have lastly conveyed III-V MOSFETs with high channel mobility. This paper is a discussion about the impact of fin height (HFin) and fin width (WFin) of a GaAs-FinFET, which affect the reliability of the device in view of various performance measures. A detailed analysis about the impact of geometry parameters like (HFin) and (WFin) on the static or low frequency performances like threshold voltage (Vth), on-off ratio (Ion/Ioff), power dissipation, subthreshold slope (SS), transconductance (gm), early voltage (VEA), gain (AV) and dynamic or high frequency performances as gate capacitance (Cgg), cut-off frequency (fT), delay (CV/I), energy (CV2), energy delay product (EDP) are systematically presented

Irrigation, nitrogen and sulphur fertilization response on productivity, water use efficiency and quality of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) in a semi-arid environment

Water and nutrient deficiency are two major constraints that drastically affect rapeseed and mustard production under semi-arid regions of North-Western India. To cope with this problem, a study was undertaken to optimize irrigation, nitrogen and sulphur levels for productivity and quality of Ethiopian mustard(Brassica carinata).Field experiments were conducted during winter seasons of 2004-05 and 2005-06 at the Water Technology Centre (WTC), Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) – Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India. Irrigation, nitrogen and sulphur levels significantly (P<0.05) affected plant height, LAI, siliqua weight, seeds/siliqua, test weight, seed and biomass yield of Ethiopian mustard. Application of three irrigations (seedling, 50% flowering and pod development stage) to Ethiopian mustard   increased seed yield by 27-28% compared to one irrigation (seedling stage). Nitrogen @ 90 kg ha-1 produced 49-54 % higher seed yield of Ethiopian mustard compared to no application. Similarly, sulphur application @ 40 kg ha-1 increased seed yield by 33-34 % compared to no application of sulphur. The oil content of Ethiopian mustard   was significantly (P<0.05) affected by nitrogen and sulphur levels. Among the three treatments, irrigation treatment only significantly affected evapotranspiration of the studied crop. From the above study, it is suggested that application of  3 irrigations with 90 kg N ha-1 and 40 kg S ha-1 may be practiced for achieving higher seed yield, quality and water use efficiency of Ethiopian mustard in the semi-arid environment of Northern part of India

Analysis of Genetic Diversity among F4 segregating population of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Seventeen breeding lines (ten F4 segregants and seven parents) of bitter gourd were evaluated at Department of Vegetable Science, OUAT, Bhubaneswar, during late kharif, 2022. These genotypes were used for evaluation of 13 quantitative characters which were grouped into five different clusters through Tocher’s method of genetic divergence analysis. Cluster I consists of ten genotypes, Cluster II, III and IV comprising of two genotypes each, while cluster V included only one genotype. Highest intra cluster distance was found in cluster IV (17.14) while lowest in cluster II (8.70). The highest inter cluster distance was observed between cluster III and V (26.18), followed by clusters I and V (25.06). For future breeding programme in bitter gourd, genotype of Cluster V should be selected for better vegetative growth, earliness in appearance of 1st female flower and giving yield for longer duration. Similarly, Cluster III for earliness in appearance of 1st male flower and more number of fruits vine-1 while that of cluster II should be considered for getting high yield with less number of seeds fruits-1. Seeds fruit-1 (61.03%) contributed maximum towards divergence followed by fruits vine-1 (12.50%)

Accelerating Bianchi Type-V Cosmology with Perfect Fluid and Heat Flow in Saez-Ballester Theory

In this paper we discuss the law of variation of scale factor $a = (t^{k}e^{t})^{\frac{1}{n}}$ which yields a time-dependent deceleration parameter (DP) representing a new class of models that generate a transition of universe from the early decelerated phase to the recent accelerating phase. Exact solutions of Einstein's modified field equations with perfect fluid and heat conduction are obtained within the framework of Saez-Ballester scalar-tensor theory of gravitation and the model is found to be in good agreement with recent observations. We find, for n = 3, k = 1, the present value of DP in derived model as q_0 = -0.67 which is very near to the observed value of DP at present epoch. We find that the time-dependent DP is sensible for the present day Universe and give an earmark description of evolution of universe. Some physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

A New Class of Bianchi Type-I Cosmological Models in Scalar-Tensor Theory of Gravitation and Late Time Acceleration

A new class of a spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I cosmological models of the universe for perfect fluid distribution within the framework of scalar-tensor theory of gravitation proposed by Saez and Ballester (Phys. Lett. 113:467, 1986) is investigated. To prevail the deterministic solutions we choose the different scale factors which yield time-dependent deceleration parameters (DP) representing models which generate a transition of the universe from the early decelerated phase to the recent accelerating phase. Three different physically viable models of the universe are obtained in which their anisotropic solutions may enter to some isotropic inflationary era. The modified Einstein's field equations are solved exactly and the models are found to be in good concordance with recent observations. Some physical and geometric properties of the models are also discussed.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figure