ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN LEAVES OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA (L.) PERS.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidants present in Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. belongs to the family Fabaceae.Methods: Fresh samples were used for the analysis of antioxidants such as total phenol, carotenoids, Vitamin-A, Vitamin-C, Vitamin-E, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase by standard estimation methods.Results: Present studies revealed that this wild leafy plant has numerous antioxidant factors that destroying the free radicals that damage the cells.Conclusion: S. grandiflora contain many enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and could be a good source of dietary antioxidants which play an important role in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY IN LEAVES OF SESBANIA GRANDIFLORA (L.) PERS.

Objective: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidants present in Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. belongs to the family Fabaceae.Methods: Fresh samples were used for the analysis of antioxidants such as total phenol, carotenoids, Vitamin-A, Vitamin-C, Vitamin-E, peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase by standard estimation methods.Results: Present studies revealed that this wild leafy plant has numerous antioxidant factors that destroying the free radicals that damage the cells.Conclusion: S. grandiflora contain many enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and could be a good source of dietary antioxidants which play an important role in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress

Design and Development of an Ontology based Personal Web Search Engine

AbstractAs a model for knowledge description and formalization, ontologies are widely used to represent user profiles in personalized web information gathering. However, when representing user profiles, many models have utilized only knowledge from either a global knowledge base or user local information. A personalized search engine which is a hybrid system has been proposed for personalized search and reasoning over user profiles. The hybrid system contains both the global knowledge base and the user local information. User profiles are created for every users to gather their interest and relevance. This system also learns user profiles based on which the user is provided with candidates in Ontology Learning Environment (OLE) tool. The search results are personalized and have topic specificity. The efficiency of a search application is defined by the accuracy by which the search results match the user interests. The efficiency improvement in our application can be defined by the reduction in the number of pages which a particular user who searches for a string. This search engine is evaluated by getting feedback from three kinds of users. The results show that this ontology model is successful

Fundamentally mode-locked, femtosecond waveguide oscillators with multi-gigahertz repetition frequencies up to 15 GHz

We demonstrate passively mode-locked Yb3+-doped glass waveguide lasers in a quasi-monolithic configuration with a maximum pulse repetition frequency up to 15.2 GHz. A semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) is used to achieve stable mode-locking around 1050 nm with pulse durations as short as 811 fs and an average power up to 27 mW. Different waveguide samples are also employed to deliver pulses with repetition rates of 4.9 GHz, 10.4 GHz and 12 GHz with an average power of 32 mW, 60 mW and 45 mW, respectively. The group velocity dispersion control in the cavity is provided by changing the gap between the SESAM and the waveguide end-face to facilitate a soliton mode-locking regime

Nano Fertilizer in Crop Production: The Changing Scenario

While the world's population is growing exponentially, there is an alarming increase in the need for food, which might reach a record nine billion people by 2050. In order to address the issue of rising food demand, a number of initiatives are being put into place to boost crop output and safeguard them against agricultural pests. The growing population pressures agricultural civilization to develop fresh strategies for boosting crop output. For nations all across the world, the issue of poverty and malnutrition has grown to be of great concern. Progress in the agricultural sector, which provides the raw materials for the food and feed industries, is crucial for both economic development and population expansion. With economic development, the soil nutrient balances are differed. Soil fertility is important in developing countries for assisting the economy and agriculture. There is a high demand in the twenty-first century for efficient, reliable, and cost-effective systems for detecting, supplying, monitoring, and diagnosing biological host molecules and nutrients. Traditional farming methods are incapable of keeping up with the rate at which food needs are increasing, so we must rely on and incorporate nanotechnology in agriculture and related sectors. In modern agriculture, increasing agricultural productivity is impossible without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides; however, the majority of agrochemicals are not eco-friendly and are thus harmful to human health. Nanotechnology is a novel technique for improved and sustainable agricultural production and also harbours a good capacity to bring novel alterations in the agricultural systems. Nanotechnology introduces new technologies and materials for use in molecular biology for the identification of plant pathogenic microorganisms. By bringing novel methods for distributing nutrients through nano fertilizers, specialized pathogen-targeted treatment, and boosting plant pest-resistance, nanotechnology has the potential to change the agricultural industry. Moreover, it can increase plants' ability to absorb nutrients and to endure environmental stresses. The fertility of the soil is a key factor in helping the economy and agriculture in developing nations. The benefits of strategies using nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture are covered here

Genotoxic effects of silver amalgam and composite restorations: Micronuclei-Based cohort and case–control study in oral exfoliated cells

Context: A huge number of people carry dental fillings which contain either mercury-based amalgam and/or the recently introduced methacrylate-based resins. It has been shown that both these materials are known to be leached into the oral cavity and induce genotoxic alterations in the buccal mucosal cells. Because of its low cost and ease of manipulation, dental amalgam is still widely used as a restorative material in developing countries. The health risks associated with the components of this restorative material has always been a matter of concern. The present study was designed to assess the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in oral mucosal cells as it is a promising tool for studying the genotoxic effect of clastogenic agents on them. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the genotoxic effects of silver amalgam and composite restorations by measuring the mean number of MN in oral exfoliated cells. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective cohort study which includes a study group consisting of 110 participants. The study sample was equally divided into 55 participants requiring only amalgam restoration and 55 participants requiring only composite restoration in any permanent molar teeth. The same participants before the restoration formed the control group. Smears were obtained from each patient before and 10 days after restoration and were stained with DNA-specific Feulgen stain. The number of cells containing MN out of 500 cells were counted and recorded. After the evaluation of the slides, the results were compiled and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: There was a statistically significant (P < 0.01) variation in the mean number of MN after the restoration in both amalgam (5.41 ± 1.25) and composite (2.83 ± 0.85) restorations when compared to before the restoration. However, the mean number of MN in composite restoration was significantly less when compared to amalgam restoration. There was also a statistically significant difference in the mean number of MN in subjects with single restoration when compared with multiple restorations in both amalgam and composite restorations. Conclusions: The observations from the present study showed the genotoxic effect of amalgam and composite restorations on the oral cavity. However, composite restorations were least cytotoxic when compared to amalgam restoration. Future research and technical advancements are needed for developing safer materials for use in humans

<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">In vitro</i> propagation of a rare medicinal fern of Western Ghats <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">– Diplazium esculentum</i> (Reytz.)

919-923Present study aimed for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">in vitro culture of circinate part of young leaves of D. esculentum which is amongst the leafy vegetables consumed as vegetable by Paniya and Chetti tribes of Western Ghats. The circinate part of young leaves (crosiers), excised before the beginning of foliar expansion, was inoculated on half strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with auxins indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-napthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and cytokinin 6- benzylaminopurine (BA) in a range 0.5 to 2.5 mg L-1. Combinations of different concentrations of 2,4 D + BA, IBA + BA as well as of NAA+ BA were also tested in half strength MS medium with 3% sucrose and with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">pH 5.8. The best morphogenic response was obtained with half strength MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D 0.5 mg L-1 and BA 2.5 mg L-1, 3% sucrose, at pH 5.8. For rooting of the microshoots, half strength MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D ( 2 and 1 mg L-1 ) exhibited best results. Present study reports the successful in vitro culturing of D. esculentum

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: in search of diagnostic biomarkers and treatable traits

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with a significant mortality, health and economic burden. Their diagnosis, assessment and management remain suboptimal and unchanged for decades. Recent clinical and translational studies revealed that the significant heterogeneity in mechanisms and outcomes of exacerbations could be resolved by grouping them etiologically. This is anticipated to lead to a better understanding of the biological processes that underlie each type of exacerbation and to allow the introduction of precision medicine interventions that could improve outcomes. This review summarises novel data on the diagnosis, phenotyping, targeted treatment and prevention of COPD exacerbations.status: publishe

Data from: Outcomes of co-infection by two potyviruses: implications for the evolution of manipulative strategies

Recent studies have documented effects of plant-viruses on host plants that appear to enhance transmission by insect vectors. But, almost no empirical work has explored the implications of such apparent manipulation for interactions among co-infecting pathogens. We examined single and mixed infections of two potyviruses, Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), that frequently co-occur in cucurbitaceae populations and share the same aphid vectors. We found that ZYMV isolates replicated at similar rates in single and mixed infections, while WMV strains accumulated to signficantly lower levels in the presence of ZYMV. Furthermore, ZYMV induced changes in leaf colour and volatile emissions that enhanced aphid (Aphis gossypii) recruitment to infected plants. In contrast, WMV did not elicit strong effects on plant-aphid interactions. Nevertheless, WMV was still readily transmitted from mixed infections, despite fairing poorly in in-plant competition. These findings suggest that pathogen effects on host-vector interactions may well influence competition among co-infecting pathogens. For example, if non-manipulative pathogens benefit from the increased vector traffic elicited by manipulative competitors, their costs of competition may be mitigated to some extent. Conversely, the benefits of manipulation may be limited by free-rider effects in systems where there is strong competition among pathogens for host resources and/or access to vectors