High-intensity interval training combined with vibration and dietary restriction Improves body composition and blood lipids in obese adults: a randomized trial

This study aimed to compare the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with additional whole-body vibration (WBV) on body composition and lipid profile in obese/overweight adults on a hypocaloric diet. Forty adults were randomly assigned to (a) HIIT and vibration and hypocaloric diet (HIITWBV, n ¼ 13), (b) HIIT and diet (HIIT, n ¼ 14), and (c) diet only (control [CON], n ¼ 13). High-intensity interval training WBV participants trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks (6 sets 1 minute of HIIT, cycling at 90% heart rate peak followed by 1 minute of interset vibration, at a frequency of 18 Hz increasing until 25 Hz with a peak-to- peak displacement of 4 mm. Training volume increased 1 set every 2 weeks until 10 sets). The HIIT group performed HIIT training followed by 2 minutes of passive recovery, while the CON continued with their daily activities combined with calorie restriction. Body composition (body fat and fat-free mass) and biochemical indices (glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides) were determined. Following 8 weeks, body fat was significantly reduced by 7.5% and both tri- glycerides and total cholesterol decreased in the HIITWBV group only ( 16.5% and 11.7% respectively). This study suggests that HIIT in combination with WBV and a hypocaloric diet can improve overall lipid profile in overweight/obese individual

Evaluación de elementos de madera de pino silvestre de pequeña escuadría sometidos a compresión longitudinal a las fibras

En este trabajo se analiza el comportamiento a compresión de piezas de madera de pino silvestre de pequeña escuadría sometidas a un esfuerzo de compresión longitudinal a las fibras. Se han obtenido las propiedades mecánicas asociadas a este tipo de solicitación, se ha comprobado qué correlaciones pueden emplearse con éxito y se ha comprobado el ajuste de los valores obtenidos con los estimados por las normas de clasificación visual y resistente de la madera en uso. Para ello se han ensayado a compresión en sentido longitudinal a la fibra y hasta rotura 11 piezas de madera de pino silvestre de pequeña escuadría de 27x140x300mm. Los ensayos se han realizado en la prensa de ensayos universal, marca IBERTEST, modelo MIB-60/AM, que utiliza el software Wintest 32. Las tablas ensayadas son ME1 según clasificación visual de UNE 56544 y clasificación mecánica C27 según UNE-EN 191

Immunonutrition: Bioecological Control of Prebiotics, Probiotics and Symbolics to Beneficially Modify the Human Microbioma and Quality of Life

Introduction: Currently interest in bioecological and nutritional control arisen, for this reason our body had been in need of seeking help from microbes in our digestive system to process them, benefiting us with an energy source and essential vitamins. Objective: Verify through clinical evidence the capacity and usefulness of prebiotics, probiotics and symbiotics to modify the human microbiota and thus obtain benefit in human homeostasis. Method: Non-systematic bibliographic review was performed in PubMed, Elsevier, Academic Google, Scopus, Scielo databases, using the mentioned descriptors. Results: Review of 45 articles from the last 5 years, and 30 that were related to the topic and objective of this literature review study were included. Discussion: The relationship between the microorganism and the human being is found in the microbiome of the digestive tract, but this relationship can mean a beneficial contribution such as leading to diseases that are generated from genetic risk factors, the use of probiotics, prebiotics and Symbiotics beneficially minimize postoperative infectious risks and complications, in addition to enzyme activity, immune modulation. Conclusion: Immunonutrition was a beneficial tool that favors the growth of beneficial bacteria over harmful bacteria, in addition immunomodular functions usually interact with lymphocyte receptors and potentiate immune tolerance against intestinal pathogens, help in the treatment of various diseases and improve quality of life. Keywords: immunonutrition, prebiotics, probiotics, symbiotics, microbiota. RESUMEN Introducción: En la actualidad ha surgido interés por el control bioecológico y nutricional, por esta razón nuestro organismo se ha visto en la necesidad de buscar ayuda de microbios en nuestro aparato digestivo para procesarlos, beneficiándonos con una fuente de energía y vitaminas esenciales. Objetivo: Comprobar por medio de evidencia clínica la capacidad y utilidad que tienen los prebióticos, probióticos y simbióticos para modificar la microbiota humana y de esta forma obtener beneficio en la homeostasis humana. Método: Revisión bibliográfica no sistemática, se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed, Elsevier, Academic Google, Scopus, Scielo, usando los descriptores mencionados. Resultados: Revisión de 45 artículos de los últimos 5 años, y se incluyeron 30 que están en relación con el tema y objetivo de del presente estudio de revisión de la literatura. Discusión: La relación entre el microrganismo y el ser humano se encuentra en el microbioma del tracto digestivo, pero esta relación puede significar un aporte beneficioso tal como conllevar a enfermedades que se generan a partir de factores genéticos de riesgo, el uso de los probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos minimizan beneficiosamente los riesgos y complicaciones infecciosas postoperatorias, además de la actividad enzimática, modulación inmune. Conclusiones: La inmunonutrición es una herramienta beneficiosa favorece el crecimiento de bacterias benéficas sobre las nocivas, además funciones inmunomodulares suelen interactuar con receptores linfocitarios y potencializan la tolerancia inmunológica frente e patógenos intestinales, ayudan en el tratamiento de diversas enfermedades y mejora la calidad de vida. Palabras clave: inmunonutrición, prebióticos, probióticos, simbióticos, microbio

Alternating patterns of seasonal influenza activity in the WHO European Region following the 2009 pandemic, 2010-2018

Background: Influenza virus infections are common and lead to substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. We characterized the first eight influenza epidemics since the 2009 influenza pandemic by describing the distribution of viruses and epidemics temporally and geographically across the WHO European Region. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed laboratory-confirmed influenza detections in ambulatory patients from sentinel sites. Data were aggregated by reporting entity and season (weeks 40-20) for 2010-2011 to 2017-2018. We explored geographical spread using correlation coefficients. Results: There was variation in the regional influenza epidemics during the study period. Influenza A virus subtypes alternated in dominance, except for 2013-2014 during which both cocirculated, and only one season (2017-2018) was B virus dominant. The median start week for epidemics in the Region was week 50, the time to the peak ranged between four and 13 weeks, and the duration of the epidemic ranged between 19 and 25 weeks. There was evidence of a west-to-east spread across the Region during epidemics in 2010-2011 (r = .365; P = .019), 2012-2013 (r = .484; P = .001), 2014-2015 (r = .423; P = .006), and 2017-2018 (r = .566; P < .001) seasons. Variation in virus distribution and timing existed within reporting entities across seasons and across reporting entities for a given season. Conclusions: Aggregated influenza detection data from sentinel surveillance sites by season between 2010 and 2018 have been presented for the European Region for the first time. Substantial diversity exists between influenza epidemics. These data can inform prevention and control efforts at national, sub-national, and international levels. Aggregated, regional surveillance data from early affected reporting entities may provide an early warning function and be helpful for early season forecasting efforts.WHO Regional Office for Europe was supported for work on influenza by a cooperative agreement from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (NU511P000876); the funder had no role in the analysis or interpretation of the data.S

Diferencias en morfometría y germinación de semillas de Croton guatemalensis (Euphorbiaceae), procedentes de poblaciones silvestres de la Selva Zoque, Chiapas, México

Background and Aims: Croton guatemalensis is a native species that is used locally and plays an important role in the traditional medicine of people of the rural comunities of the Zoque Forest, Chiapas, Mexico. Currently it is protected by the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 under “Special Protection”. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the morphometry, viability, health and germination of seeds collected from wild populations in four Protected Natural Areas of the Zoque Forest, Chiapas; and generate basic information that will allow the development in the future local programs or projects of conservation, restoration and forest management of the species, in order to reduce the impact on wild populations.Methods: From November 2016 to October 2017, plant material was collected to corroborate the taxonomic identification of Croton guatemalensis, and fruits and seeds to determine, under a random design, the size (length × thickness), weight, percentage of viability, health and germination of the seeds. Due to the abnormality of the data, the comparison and determination of the statistical differences between areas was carried out by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney analyses, in the software R 3.24.Key results: The results indicate that there are statistically significant differences between the four collection zones. The most contrasting results were present in the Area Subject to Ecological Conservation La Pera and Protected Forest Area Vedada Villa de Allende. In the first, the seeds had larger size (5.13±0.06 × 3.26±0.06 mm), high percentage of health, viability and final germination (98±2.16, 98±2.30, 98±3.84%, respectively), while in the second, the seeds were smaller (4.63±0.09 × 2.69±0.08 mm), they obtained 68±6.65% of health, 19±5.03% of viability and 6±3.84% of final germination.Conclusions: The present study provides reproductive information essential for the generation of strategies for conservation, restoration and forest management of the species Croton guatemalensis.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Croton guatemalensis es una especie nativa que tiene diversos usos locales y juega un papel importante en la medicina tradicional de los habitantes de las comunidades campesinas de la Selva Zoque, Chiapas, México. Actualmente, la especie se encuentra protegida por la NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010 bajo “Protección Especial”. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivos evaluar la morfometría, viabilidad, sanidad y germinación de semillas recolectadas en poblaciones silvestres de cuatro Áreas Naturales Protegidas de la Selva Zoque, Chiapas, así como generar información básica que permita desarrollar en un futuro programas o proyectos locales de conservación, restauración y manejo forestal de la especie, para así contribuir a disminuir el impacto sobre las poblaciones silvestres.Métodos: De noviembre 2016 a octubre 2017 se recolectó material vegetal para corroborar la identificación taxonómica de Croton guatemalensis, y frutos y semillas para determinar, bajo un diseño al azar, el tamaño (longitud × grosor), peso, porcentaje de viabilidad, sanidad y germinación de las semillas. Debido a la anormalidad de los datos resultantes, la comparación y determinación de las diferencias estadísticas entre zonas se realizó mediante los análisis de Kruskal-Wallis y Mann-Whitney, por el software R 3.24.Resultados clave: Los resultados indican que existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las cuatro zonas de recolecta. Los resultados más contrastantes se presentaron en la Zona Sujeta a Conservación Ecológica La Pera y Zona Protectora Forestal Vedada Villa de Allende. En la primera, las semillas presentaron mayor tamaño (5.13±0.06 × 3.26±0.06 mm), alto porcentaje de sanidad, viabilidad y germinación final (98±2.16, 98±2.30, 98±3.84%, respectivamente), mientras que en la segunda, las semillas fueron más pequeñas (4.63±0.09 × 2.69±0.08 mm), obtuvieron 68±6.65% de sanidad, 19±5.03% de viabilidad y 6±3.84% de germinación final.Conclusión: El presente estudio aporta información reproductiva fundamental para la generación de estrategias de conservación, restauración y manejo forestal de Croton guatemalensis

Immune Development and Intestinal Microbiota in Celiac Disease

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy, triggered by dietary wheat gluten and similar proteins of barley and rye in genetically susceptible individuals. The etiology of this disorder is complex, involving both environmental and genetic factors. The major genetic risk factor for CD is represented by HLA-DQ genes, which account for approximately 40% of the genetic risk; however, only a small percentage of carriers develop the disease. Gluten is the main environmental factor responsible for the signs and symptoms of the disease, but exposure to gluten does not fully explain the manifestation of CD. Epidemiological and clinical data suggest that environmental factors other than gluten might play a role in disease development, including early feeding practices (e.g., breast milk versus formula and duration of breastfeeding), infections, and alterations in the intestinal microbiota composition. Herein, we review what is known about the influence of dietary factors, exposure to infectious agents, and intestinal microbiota composition, particularly in early life, on the risk of developing CD, as well as the possible dietary strategies to induce or increase gluten tolerance

Thermal and mechanical effects of different excitation modes based on low frequency laser modulation in optical hyperthermia

The low frequency modulation of the laser source (menor que30KHz) allows the generation of a pulsed signal that intermittently excites the gold nanorods. The temperature curves obtained for different frequencies and duty cycles of modulation but with equal average power and identical laser parameters, show that the thermal behavior in continuous wave and modulation modes is the same. However, the cell death experiments suggest that the percentage of death is higher in the cases of modulation. This observation allows us to conclude that there are other effects in addition to temperature that contribute to the cellular death. The mechanical effects like sound or pressure waves are expected to be generated from thermal expansion of gold nanorods. In order to study the behavior and magnitude of these processes we have developed a measure device based on ultrasound piezoelectric receivers (25KHz) and a lock-in amplifier that is able to detect the sound waves generated in samples of gold nanorods during laser irradiation providing us a voltage result proportional to the pressure signal. The first results show that the pressure measurements are directly proportional to the concentration of gold nanorods and the laser power, therefore, our present work is focused on determine the real influence of these effects in the cell death process