Double Visions: Separating Gordon Lish's Edits from Raymond Carver's Original Authorship in Three Stories

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)In 1998, D.T. Max wrote his article, “The Carver Chronicles,” about the manuscripts Gordon Lish sold to the Lilly Library at Indiana University. The public was made aware of Lish’s heavy editing of Raymond Carver’s short stories—both in early story form and, later, in book collection form. His heaviest editing was during Carver’s first two major story collections, Will You Please Be Quiet, Please? (1976), and What We Talk About When We Talk About Love (1981). I discuss three stories, “What’s in Alaska?” and “Fat,” from the first major collection, and “What We Talk About When We Talk About Love” from the second major collection. For this last story, we will separate Lish’s editorial vision from Carver’s original authorship by comparing the published book text with Carver’s original story, “Beginners”—two versions, one story. The stories were examined to understand Lish’s editorial motives. To generate a deeper understanding of their textual visions, a critical analysis will evaluate their differences. The stories will first be analyzed in the state they existed before Lish’s changes, and then a second analysis will pinpoint Lish’s major editorial changes and show how they affected Carver’s original vision. The analysis will provide a foundation for discovering a final product understood as a combination of two visions, Carver’s original authorial vision and Lish’s editorial vision. The basis for future Carver studies is to separate these men’s work. Carver’s authorial intent becomes paramount in the investigation for finding the true Carver through critical and textual analysis. Their two distinct and separate visions affect how contemporary Carver studies critically examine his work. To understand Carver textually is to get at his original intent, to illuminate his true vision, separate from Lish’s edits, in order to open up a new perspective and understanding of Carver’s emotional depth and expansiveness. Robert Rebein, Ph.D. (Chair

The Role of Human Resources in the Success of New Businesses

Michael L. Menefee, Ph. D., is the Peterson Professor of Entrepreneurship, Burton D. Morgan Center for Entrepreneurship and a Professor in the Department of Organizational Leadership & Supervision, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907. John A. Parnell, Ph.D., is the William Henry Helk Professor of Management, School of Business Administration, University of North Carolina- Pembroke, North Carolina 28372. Ed Powers, Ph.D., is a professor of management, School of Business Administration, University of North Carolina- Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina 28372. Chris Ziemnowcicz, Ph.D., is a professor of management, School of Business Administration, University of North Carolina- Pembroke, Pembroke, North Carolina 28372. Recipient, Best Paper Award, 27th Annual Southern Industrial Relations and Human Resource Conference (SIRHRC), Savannah, Ga 31401

Rapid Fabrication of Flat Plate Cavity Phosphor Thermography Test Models for Shuttle Return-to-Flight Aero-Heating

Methods, materials and equipment are documented for fabricating flat plate test models at NASA Langley Research Center for Shuttle return-to-flight aeroheating experiments simulating open and closed cavity interactions in Langley s hypersonic 20-Inch Mach 6 air wind tunnel. Approximately 96 silica ceramic flat plate cavity phosphor thermography test models have been fabricated using these methods. On one model, an additional slot is machined through the back of the plate and into the cavity and vented into an evacuated plenum chamber to simulate a further opening in the cavity. After sintering ceramic to 2150 F, and mounting support hardware, a ceramic-based two-color thermographic phosphor coating is applied for global temperature and heat transfer measurements, with fiducial markings for image registration

Structure and function of \u3ci\u3ePseudomonas aeruginosa\u3ci\u3e protein PA1324 (21–170)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the prototypical biofilm-forming gram-negative opportunistic human pathogen. P. aeruginosa is causatively associated with nosocomial infections and with cystic fibrosis. Antibiotic resistance in some strains adds to the inherent difficulties that result from biofilm formation when treating P. aeruginosa infections. Transcriptional profiling studies suggest widespread changes in the proteome during quorum sensing and biofilm development. Many of the proteins found to be upregulated during these processes are poorly characterized from a functional standpoint. Here, we report the solution NMR structure of PA1324, a protein of unknown function identified in these studies, and provide a putative biological functional assignment based on the observed prealbumin-like fold and FAST-NMR ligand screening studies. PA1324 is postulated to be involved in the binding and transport of sugars or polysaccharides associated with the peptidoglycan matrix during biofilm formation

FAST-NMR - Functional Annotation Screening Technology Using NMR Spectroscopy

An abundance of protein structures emerging from structural genomics and the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) are not amenable to ready functional assignment because of a lack of sequence and structural homology to proteins of known function. We describe a high-throughput NMR methodology (FAST-NMR) to annotate the biological function of novel proteins through the structural and sequence analysis of protein-ligand interactions. This is based on basic tenets of biochemistry where proteins with similar functions will have similar active sites and exhibit similar ligand binding interactions, despite global differences in sequence and structure. Protein-ligand interactions are determined through a tiered NMR screen using a library composed of compounds with known biological activity. A rapid co-structure is determined by combining the experimental identification of the ligand-binding site from NMR chemical shift perturbations with the proteinligand docking program AutoDock. Our CPASS (Comparison of Protein Active Site Structures) software and database is then used to compare this active site with proteins of known function. The methodology is demonstrated using unannotated protein SAV1430 from Staphylococcus aureus

FAST-NMR - Functional Annotation Screening Technology Using NMR Spectroscopy

An abundance of protein structures emerging from structural genomics and the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) are not amenable to ready functional assignment because of a lack of sequence and structural homology to proteins of known function. We describe a high-throughput NMR methodology (FAST-NMR) to annotate the biological function of novel proteins through the structural and sequence analysis of protein-ligand interactions. This is based on basic tenets of biochemistry where proteins with similar functions will have similar active sites and exhibit similar ligand binding interactions, despite global differences in sequence and structure. Protein-ligand interactions are determined through a tiered NMR screen using a library composed of compounds with known biological activity. A rapid co-structure is determined by combining the experimental identification of the ligand-binding site from NMR chemical shift perturbations with the proteinligand docking program AutoDock. Our CPASS (Comparison of Protein Active Site Structures) software and database is then used to compare this active site with proteins of known function. The methodology is demonstrated using unannotated protein SAV1430 from Staphylococcus aureus

Degradation of Teflon(tm) FEP Following Charged Particle Radiation and Rapid Thermal Cycling

During the Second Servicing Mission (SM2) of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) severe degradation was observed on the outer layer of the thermal control blankets. Astronaut observations and photographs revealed large cracks in the metallized Teflon' FEP (fluorinated ethylene propylene), the outer layer of the multi-layer insulation (MLI), in many locations around the telescope. In an effort to understand what elements of the space environment might cause such damage, pristine Teflon(registered trademark) FEP was tested for durability to radiation and thermal cycling. Specimens were subjected to electron and proton fluences comparable to those experienced by HST and were subsequently thermal cycled in a custom-built rapid thermal cycle chamber. Tensile tests of the specimens showed that radiation followed by thermal cycling significantly reduced the ultimate strength and elongation of Teflon(registered trademark) FEP

Fabrication of 0.0075-Scale Orbiter Phosphor Thermography Test Models for Shuttle RTF Aeroheating Studies

This report details the techniques and fidelity associated with aeroheating models constructed in support of the return-to-flight boundary layer transition (BLT) activity for STS-114. This report provides technical descriptions of the methods, materials, and equipment used, as well as the surface quality results obtained with the cast ceramic phosphor thermography models

Unique opportunities for NMR methods in structural genomics

This Perspective, arising from a workshop held in July 2008 in Buffalo NY, provides an overview of the role NMR has played in the United States Protein Structure Initiative (PSI), and a vision of how NMR will contribute to the forthcoming PSI-Biology program. NMR has contributed in key ways to structure production by the PSI, and new methods have been developed which are impacting the broader protein NMR community