Métodos extrativos utilizados para obtenção de flavonoides de passiflora spp. visando o tratamento de afecções cutâneas e cuidados com a pele: uma revisão de escopo

Introdução: Espécies silvestres de maracujá, pertencentes ao gênero Passiflora, têm sido amplamente utilizadas na medicina tradicional para diversas finalidades terapêuticas. Os flavonoides presentes nas folhas da planta representam uma considerável fonte de substâncias bioativas, com diversos benefícios farmacológicos, tais como atividades antioxidante e anti-inflamatória. Objetivos: Efetuar uma revisão de escopo para mapear os métodos de extração de flavonoides de Passiflora spp. empregados nos estudos de atividades relacionadas com afecções cutâneas ou cuidados da pele. Materiais e métodos: A estratégia de buscas por artigos foi realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, Scopus e Web of Science, com as palavras chaves e operadores booleanos: (passiflora OR “passion fruit” OR maracuja*) AND (extra*) AND (flavonoid*). A busca ocorreu nos títulos de artigos publicados entre 1980 e 2020. Os resumos dos trabalhos encontrados foram avaliados e para seleção dos documentos foram aplicados critérios de inclusão (CI) e exclusão (CE). Os dados de interesse foram avaliados quali e quantitativamente. O gerenciador de referências utilizado para a exportação dos artigos foi o Mendeley. Resultados e discussão: Os resultados encontrados nas bases de dados apontaram um total de 327 artigos, após aplicar os CI e CE, apenas 25 artigos foram selecionados. A maioria dos trabalhos realizou pesquisas com a espécie Passiflora edulis. Esta espécie foi investigada isoladamente em 7 artigos, mas também é relatada em outros 6, os quais compararam características biológicas e químicas da P. edulis com outras espécies de Passiflora, ou ainda outros gêneros de plantas. Além desta espécie, outras 13 espécies de Passiflora são descritas em outros 17 estudos. A principal técnica extrativa foi a maceração estática ou dinâmica (n=10 artigos), sendo também encontradas outras 6 técnicas, sendo elas: Refluxo, Soxhlet, Ultrassom, Decocção, Solvente Pressurizado e Percolação. A maioria dos métodos empregou folhas durante a extração (n=12), porém também foram encontrados alguns estudos avaliando frutos, cascas, flor, caule e sementes. A atividade biológica mais investigada foi a antioxidante, estando presente em 22 artigos. Também foram encontrados estudos com avaliações de atividades antimicrobiana (n=3), cicatrizante (n=1), anti-inflamatória (n=1), fotoprotetora (n=1), antienvelhecimento (n=1) e antimelanoma (n=1). Alguns dos estudos comparavam atividades antioxidantes entre as espécies de Passiflora (n=10) e a mais ativa demonstra ser a Passiflora edulis (n=3). Apenas 3 artigos descreveram o desenvolvimento e avaliação de formulações tópicas (hidrogel e creme) contendo extrato de Passiflora. O teor de polifenóis totais foi descrito em 44% dos trabalhos, e o de flavonoides totais em 16%. Conclusão: As espécies de Passiflora estudadas nos trabalhos aqui revisados possuem considerável potencial antioxidante, o qual é extremamente benéfico a condições de prevenção de afecções cutâneas, principalmente relacionadas com processos antienvelhecimento e regenerativo. Os métodos extrativos convencionais são os mais empregados para obtenção de produtos a partir desta planta, sendo as folhas a principal matéria-prima empregada. Dos compostos identificados nos artigos os que mais apareceram foram os flavonoides isoorientina, vicenina, vitexina, isovitexina e orientina

Modulation of LISA free-fall orbits due to the Earth-Moon system

We calculate the effect of the Earth-Moon (EM) system on the free-fall motion of LISA test masses. We show that the periodic gravitational pulling of the EM system induces a resonance with fundamental frequency 1 yr^-1 and a series of periodic perturbations with frequencies equal to integer harmonics of the synodic month (9.92 10^-7 Hz). We then evaluate the effects of these perturbations (up to the 6th harmonics) on the relative motions between each test masses couple, finding that they range between 3mm and 10pm for the 2nd and 6th harmonic, respectively. If we take the LISA sensitivity curve, as extrapolated down to 10^-6 Hz, we obtain that a few harmonics of the EM system can be detected in the Doppler data collected by the LISA space mission. This suggests that the EM system gravitational near field could provide an absolute calibration for the LISA sensitivity at very low frequencies.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

miR-155 overexpressing monocytes resemble HLA highISG15 + synovial tissue macrophages from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and induce polyfunctional CD4+ T cell activation

MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to regulate pro-inflammatory effector functions of myeloid cells, and miR dysregulation is implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a condition characterized by inflammation and destruction of the joints. We showed previously that miR-155 is increased in myeloid cells in RA and induces pro-inflammatory activation of monocytes and macrophages; however, its role at the interface between innate and adaptive immunity was not defined. Here, RNA-sequencing revealed that overexpression of miR-155 in healthy donor monocytes conferred a specific gene profile which bears similarities to that of RA synovial fluid-derived CD14+ cells and HLAhighISG15+ synovial tissue macrophages, both of which are characterized by antigen-presenting pathways. In line with this, monocytes in which miR-155 was overexpressed, displayed increased expression of HLA-DR and both co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules, and induced activation of polyfunctional T cells. Together, these data underpin the notion that miR-155-driven myeloid cell activation in the synovium contributes not only to inflammation but may also influence the adaptive immune response

Deep-phenotyping of Tregs identifies an immune signature for idiopathic aplastic anemia and predicts response to treatment

Idiopathic aplastic anemia (AA) is an immune-mediated and serious form of bone marrow failure. Akin to other autoimmune diseases, we have previously shown that in AA regulatory T-cells (Tregs) are reduced in number and function. The aim of this study was to further characterize Treg subpopulations in AA and investigate the potential correlation between specific Treg subsets and response to immunosuppressive therapy (IST) as well as their in-vitro expandability for potential clinical use. Using mass cytometry (CyTOF) and an unbiased multidimensional analytical approach, we identified two specific human Treg subpopulations (Treg A and Treg B) with distinct phenotypes, gene-expression, expandability and function. Treg subpopulation B, predominates in IST responder patients, has a memory/activated phenotype (with higher expression of CD95, CCR4 and CD45RO within FOXP3hi, CD127lo Tregs), expresses the IL- 2/STAT5 pathway and cell-cycle commitment genes. Furthermore, in-vitro expanded Tregs become functional and with the characteristics of Treg subpopulation B. Collectively, this study identifies human Treg subpopulations that can be used as predictive biomarkers for response to IST in AA and potentially other autoimmune diseases. We also show that Tregs from AA patients are IL-2 sensitive and expandable in-vitro, suggesting novel therapeutic approaches such as low dose IL-2 therapy and/or expanded autologous Tregs and meriting further exploration

Orbital effects of a monochromatic plane gravitational wave with ultra-low frequency incident on a gravitationally bound two-body system

We analytically compute the long-term orbital variations of a test particle orbiting a central body acted upon by an incident monochromatic plane gravitational wave. We assume that the characteristic size of the perturbed two-body system is much smaller than the wavelength of the wave. Moreover, we also suppose that the wave's frequency is much smaller than the particle's orbital one. We make neither a priori assumptions about the direction of the wavevector nor on the orbital geometry of the planet. We find that, while the semi-major axis is left unaffected, the eccentricity, the inclination, the longitude of the ascending node, the longitude of pericenter and the mean anomaly undergo non-vanishing long-term changes. They are not secular trends because of the slow modulation introduced by the tidal matrix coefficients and by the orbital elements themselves. They could be useful to indepenedently constrain the ultra-low frequency waves which may have been indirectly detected in the BICEP2 experiment. Our calculation holds, in general, for any gravitationally bound two-body system whose characteristic frequency is much larger than the frequency of the external wave. It is also valid for a generic perturbation of tidal type with constant coefficients over timescales of the order of the orbital period of the perturbed particle.Comment: LaTex2e, 24 pages, no figures, no tables. Changes suggested by the referees include

A Novel Model on DST-Induced Transplantation Tolerance by the Transfer of Self-Specific Donor tTregs to a Haplotype-Matched Organ Recipient

Donor-specific blood transfusion (DST) can lead to significant prolongation of allograft survival in experimental animal models and sometimes human recipients of solid organs. The mechanisms responsible for the beneficial effect on graft survival have been a topic of research and debate for decades and are not yet fully elucidated. Once we discover how the details of the mechanisms involved are linked, we could be within reach of a procedure making it possible to establish donor-specific tolerance with minimal or no immunosuppressive medication. Today, it is well established that CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are indispensable for maintaining immunological self-tolerance. A large number of animal studies have also shown that Tregs are essential for establishing and maintaining transplantation tolerance. In this paper, we present a hypothesis of one H2-haplotype-matched DST-induced transplantation tolerance (in mice). The formulated hypothesis is based on a re-interpretation of data from an immunogenetic experiment published by Niimi and colleagues in 2000. It is of importance that the naïve recipient mice in this study were never immunosuppressed and were therefore fully immune competent during the course of tolerance induction. Based on the immunological status of the recipients, we suggest that one H2-haplotype-matched self-specific Tregs derived from the transfusion blood can be activated and multiply in the host by binding to antigen-presenting cells presenting allopeptides in their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (MHC-II). We also suggest that the endothelial and epithelial cells within the solid organ allograft upregulate the expression of MHC-II and attract the expanded Treg population to suppress inflammation within the graft. We further suggest that this biological process, here termed MHC-II recruitment, is a vital survival mechanism for organs (or the organism in general) when attacked by an immune system

Complement Regulates Nutrient Influx and Metabolic Reprogramming during Th1 Cell Responses.

Expansion and acquisition of Th1 cell effector function requires metabolic reprogramming; however, the signals instructing these adaptations remain poorly defined. Here we found that in activated human T cells, autocrine stimulation of the complement receptor CD46, and specifically its intracellular domain CYT-1, was required for induction of the amino acid (AA) transporter LAT1 and enhanced expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1. Furthermore, CD46 activation simultaneously drove expression of LAMTOR5, which mediated assembly of the AA-sensing Ragulator-Rag-mTORC1 complex and increased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), required for cytokine production. T cells from CD46-deficient patients, characterized by defective Th1 cell induction, failed to upregulate the molecular components of this metabolic program as well as glycolysis and OXPHOS, but IFN-γ production could be reinstated by retrovirus-mediated CD46-CYT-1 expression. These data establish a critical link between the complement system and immunometabolic adaptations driving human CD4(+) T cell effector function

RASTREAMENTO E TRATAMENTO DAS INFECÇÕES SEXUALMENTE TRANSMISSÍVEIS (ISTS) NA GESTANTE

Introduction: Diseases transmitted in pregnant women can cause adverse effects on pregnancy due to vertical transmission, increasing morbidity and mortality in pregnant women and their babies. STIs in pregnant women can cause stillbirths, premature birth, low birth weight, sepsis, blindness, pneumonia and birth defects. Objective: By reviewing the literature on the epidemiology of STIs in pregnant women in Brazil, we aim to reduce STI cases and protect the fetus from the various consequences that can result from vertical transmission. Methods: This study was carried out through an integrated literature review, focusing on scientific articles published in the databases MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Online Retrieval System), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences) and BDENF ). The following terms were used in the study (“STI” and “pregnancy” and “vertical transmission”). Results: As a result of the analysis of the selected works, the deficiencies in prenatal care related to the prevention of syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases during pregnancy and without the use of condoms, show the importance of early diagnosis and treatment, thus reducing the transmission rate vertical. Conclusion: It is clear that the adequate treatment of pregnant women with STIs focuses on issues related to their impact on neonatal mortality. This is because these diseases have negative effects on the pregnant woman, the fetus and development after birth.Introdução: Doenças transmitidas em gestantes podem causar efeitos adversos na gravidez devido à transmissão vertical, aumentando a morbimortalidade em gestantes e seus bebês. As IST em mulheres grávidas podem causar nados-mortos, parto prematuro, baixo peso à nascença, sépsis cegueira, pneumonia e defeitos congénitos. Objetivo: Ao revisar a literatura sobre a epidemiologia das ISTs em gestantes no Brasil, pretendemos reduzir os casos de ISTs e proteger o feto das diversas consequências que podem resultar da transmissão vertical. Métodos: Este estudo foi realizado por meio de uma revisão integrada da literatura, com foco em artigos científicos publicados nas bases MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Online Retrieval System), LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e BDENF). Os seguintes termos foram utilizados no estudo (“IST” e “gravidez” e “transmissão vertical”). Resultados: Como resultado da análise dos trabalhos selecionados, as deficiências da assistência pré-natal relacionadas à prevenção da sífilis e outras doenças sexualmente transmissíveis durante a gravidez e sem uso de preservativo, mostram a importância do diagnóstico e tratamento precoce, reduzindo assim a taxa transmissão vertical. Conclusão: Fica claro que o tratamento adequado das gestantes com IST centra-se nas questões relacionadas ao seu impacto na mortalidade neonatal. Isso ocorre porque essas doenças têm efeitos negativos na gestante, no feto e no desenvolvimento após o nascimento

PRINCÍPIOS ANESTÉSICOS NO CENTRO CIRÚRGICO REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Introduction: In cases of diseases such as acute cholecystitis or gallstones, removal of the gallbladder is a common surgical procedure known as cholecystectomy. The correct anesthetic technique is essential for the success of the surgery and the patient's well-being. Spinal anesthesia appears as a compatible option in this context, as it can offer benefits in terms of anesthetic efficacy and postoperative recovery. Objective: This study examines the literature to evaluate the effectiveness and technique of spinal anesthesia in cholecystectomy. We investigated the ability of spinal anesthesia to provide adequate sensory and motor blockade, the frequency of intraoperative and postoperative complications, and how it affects the postoperative recovery of patients undergoing this surgery. Methodology: An integrative review of the literature was carried out using searches in electronic databases with terms related to spinal anesthesia and cholecystectomy. The inclusion criteria were studies published in the last ten years in scientific journals that examined the effectiveness of spinal anesthesia in this context. Data was synthesized and analyzed to find patterns and trends related to the application of spinal anesthesia in cholecystectomy. Results and Discussion: This review clearly showed that spinal anesthesia can severely block sensors and motors during cholecystectomy, making the surgery precise and comfortable for the patient. Spinal anesthesia is also associated with fewer intra- and postoperative complications, which highlights its safety and tolerability.These results show that spinal anesthesia is a safe and effective anesthetic option for cholecystectomy, as it significantly reduces pain, reduces complications and allows for faster recovery. Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia is a safe and highly effective anesthetic option for cholecystectomy based on the results and discussions. A more comprehensive understanding of the role of this anesthetic method in these common surgeries was achieved through an integrative literature review. Spinal anesthesia offers patients a safer, more comfortable and more effective surgical intervention.Introdução:Em casos de doenças como colecistite aguda ou cálculos biliares, a remoção da vesícula biliar é um procedimento cirúrgico comum conhecido como colecistectomia. A técnica anestésica correta é fundamental para o sucesso da cirurgia e o bem-estar do paciente. A raquianestesia aparece como uma opção compatível nesse contexto, pois pode oferecer benefícios em termos de eficácia anestésica e recuperação pós-operatória. Objetivo: Este estudo examina a literatura para avaliar a eficácia e a técnica da raquianestesia na colecistectomia. Investigamos a capacidade da raquianestesia de fornecer um bloqueio sensorial e motor adequado, a frequência de complicações intra e pós-operatórias, e como afeta a recuperação pós-operatória de pacientes submetidos a essa cirurgia. Metodologia: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura foi realizada utilizando pesquisas em bases de dados eletrônicas com termos relacionados à raquianestesia e colecistectomia. Os critérios de inclusão foram estudos publicados nos últimos dez anos em periódicos científicos que examinaram a eficácia da raquianestesia nesse contexto. Os dados foram sintetizados e analisados ​​para encontrar padrões e tendências relacionados à aplicação da raquianestesia na colecistectomia. Resultados e Discussão: Esta revisão mostrou claramente que a raquianestesia pode bloquear severamente os sensores e os motores durante a colecistectomia, tornando a cirurgia precisa e confortável para o paciente. A raquianestesia também está associada a um menor número de complicações intra e pós-operatórias, o que destaca sua segurança e tolerabilidade. Esses resultados mostram que a raquianestesia é uma opção anestésica segura e eficaz para a colecistectomia, pois reduz significativamente a dor, diminui as complicações e permite uma recuperação mais rápida. Conclusão: A raquianestesia é uma opção anestésica segura e altamente eficaz para a colecistectomia com base nos resultados e discussões. Uma compreensão mais abrangente do papel desse método anestésico nessas cirurgias comuns foi alcançada por meio de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. A raquianestesia oferece aos pacientes uma intervenção cirúrgica mais segura, confortável e eficaz

BACH2 immunodeficiency illustrates an association between super-enhancers and haploinsufficiency.

The transcriptional programs that guide lymphocyte differentiation depend on the precise expression and timing of transcription factors (TFs). The TF BACH2 is essential for T and B lymphocytes and is associated with an archetypal super-enhancer (SE). Single-nucleotide variants in the BACH2 locus are associated with several autoimmune diseases, but BACH2 mutations that cause Mendelian monogenic primary immunodeficiency have not previously been identified. Here we describe a syndrome of BACH2-related immunodeficiency and autoimmunity (BRIDA) that results from BACH2 haploinsufficiency. Affected subjects had lymphocyte-maturation defects that caused immunoglobulin deficiency and intestinal inflammation. The mutations disrupted protein stability by interfering with homodimerization or by causing aggregation. We observed analogous lymphocyte defects in Bach2-heterozygous mice. More generally, we observed that genes that cause monogenic haploinsufficient diseases were substantially enriched for TFs and SE architecture. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized feature of SE architecture in Mendelian diseases of immunity: heterozygous mutations in SE-regulated genes identified by whole-exome/genome sequencing may have greater significance than previously recognized